US1622123A - Power loom for carpets - Google Patents

Description

March 1927' P. RENARD ET AL POWER LOOM FOR CARPETS m Jan. 5. 1923 5 shoeti shet' 1 [Yaw-"mks lrroR/vEYa March 22, 1927.

P. RENARD ET AL POWER LOOM FOR CARPETS Filed Jan. 1923 5 Sheets-Shut 2 ATTORNE Y5v March 22, 1927. RENARD ETAL POWER Loom FOR CARPETS Filed Jan. 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORs- WG g Li p MGQMMJ ATTORNEYS,

March 22 1927. 1,622,123 P. RENARD ET AL rowan LOOM FOR CARPETS Filed Jan. 5. 1923' s Sheets-sheaf 4 yf hza will! A rromvz rs.

Marchv 221-19 27 "P, RENARD ET AL POWER LOOM FOR CARPETS Filed Jan. 5. 1923 5 Sheets-Sheet' 5 ATroRA/EYS,

Patented Mar. 22, 1927.

PIERRE BENABD AND FER INAND. RENARD, Q N EIAECWRTZ RA E N B T0 sooinrnmm'nnn FREBE EIT i i-Ls, on NQNANGOURT, Fit-rigson.

rows LQQM; 3. a er Applieation filed January 5, 1923, Serial, No. 610,851,, and in Franee April 26, 1922.

When we examine an, oriental carpet, pret erably one of line ground texture, we are struckby the close fitting of the wefts. We see that'with the usual mechanical method of weaving, it will be practically impossible to obtain the same naifnber of wefts to the inch.

This results from the fact that hand weavers have alwaysunderstood the necessity for entering, aloosewett into the shed, beating this eft up with mallet and using hus two or three tin' es' as many w'ei'ts as it would. be possible to employ in the usual power loom.

When this loose-weft is Closely qp-p lfiid t thel'abric it does not contract the fabric but follows thee'ontou'rs of the warp threads without jamming them and the weft is placed in position more easily as, the friction withthe warp. threads is insignificant.

The object of the present invention is to provide means for mechanically inserting a loose weft into the fabric produced by power looms, more especially in those for making S nyrnan, Persian, wound or other knotted carpets.

This loose weft is obtained by the insertion by the shuttle of an ordinary straight weft in the usual known manner, this straight weft being subsequently modified by suitable means into an undulated line, which consequently increases the length of the usual weft. This inerease of length is regulated and controlled at will according to the quality oi the fabliGS.

For this purpose, the applicants have devised means forundulating the weft after its insertion in the shed in theusual manner by the shuttle, the loom stopping after the passage of the shuttle so as to allow the undulating process to. be effected, This undulated weft applied to the fell by the reed surrounds the warp threads without tension and fills up all the interstices, the action length of the thread required for the undulation (see Figs. 1 and 2) being drawn supplementarily from the shuttle when the latteris at rest. I p

The invention will be. readily uaclerstoed 'hv reference to the ,aceonipanying drawings illustrating two ern odini ei ts of the inventive idea and wherein Fig. 1 illustrates diagranunatieally a sec .tio i of a ll? Fig. 1' is a diagrammatic top plan view illustrating an undulating Weft.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic end view of the undulating weft.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation illustrating one type of ifQGCl that may be employed. Fig. at is a side elevation of one type of undulator or rocking member.

Fig. 5, is a detail sectional view on the line 0i: Fig. 4 illustrating the beveled portion of the undulator shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a side elevation partly in section of the assembled me'ehanisihi j Fig; 7 is a side elevation and Fig. 8 a top plan view, on a reduced scale, of a sliding carriage that may be femployed, Figs. 7 and 8? are respeeti'vely a front elevation and a plan of thesliding carriage mounted on thebatten. h

Fig. 9 is aside elevation, partly in section, illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a side. elevation of the mechanism illustrated i Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a detail side elevation illustrating the mounting of the'undulators.

12 is a detail side elevation illustrating one type of mounting that may be employed for the separators and Fig 13 is a detail view partly in section, 7

illustrating one of the separators. Referring: to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, Fig. 1 illns- T, trates a section of a warp; 0 00 show the warp threads in section; the weft y 3 thrown by'the shuttle in the usual manner 15 stra ght. 2 IS a sim lar diagrammatic View in which the weft is undulated, this figure representing the erossing oi the warps; Q3 -l1a ..bee11 brought below, m" above. From this figure it is seenthatit weft e a longerthan usual has been thrown and if this" eess of length has been distributed regularly. and proportio 'iatelyv over the width ol; thefl'abrie, and if the reed has, when the shed has been closed, drawn up t is elt a ins he pre eding v i j/ y", the excess of tlie weft will be absorbed afterci sing the warps, as shown in Fig. 2, the undulated weft separating the w res an en ing th m a d sta ap t eqi' el to. it die get ordinary straight weft and in Fig. 2 a fabric with an undulated weft.

In order to mechanically obtain this undulated weft, an ordinary weft a 2 1s thrown and the shed closes lightly so as to allow the weft to slide easily between the two warp banks. In other words, the warp rubs lightly on the weft so as to allow it to pre serve the form which has been given to it. Then the loom, properly socalled, stops. By means of rocking members conveniently placed under and moving parallel to the warp, the weft inserted in the warp has the form of a horizontal sinuous line (Fig. 1 which is a plan View of the warp and weft threads), the surplus thread necessary for this operation being furnished by the shuttle at rest.

l/Vhen the undulation is effected and the rocking members are returned to their normal position below the warp, the reed beats up the undulated weft against the fell and the weft by its extra length surrounds the warp threads without tension, as shown in Fig. 2.

The batten of the weaving loom is moved in the usual known manner, but a special mechanism stops the loom every time that a weft is to be undulated.

As shown in Fig. 3, the reed is composed of stamped steel sheets reinforced at 3 by small riveted plates in order to impart the required thickness and provide the required distance between the adjacent dents. Preferably a notch 5 is provided in one edge of V the reed for engaging a projection of the frame work as is illustrated in Fig. 6. Such an arrangement insures parallelism of all the dents of the reed and facilitates the mounting of the latter.

The reed is provided with an opening 1, which is preferably formed when the latter is stamped out, through which opening passes a rod for supporting the rocking member to be described hereinafter. 9 is a projection on the reed which permits the weft to take up its increase of length, as explained later. 7

Fig. 1 shows the undulator or rocking member. 1 is the axis of oscillation. Each rocking member or undulator is pivoted on a dent of the reed. 6 and 7 are members with beveled but not cutting edges. 13 is a projection which is engaged by a lever to rotate the undulator around its axis, thereby bringing the indulator to position below the warp; 8 is a part forming a quadrant of a circle.

Fig. 5 shows in section the beveled parts 6 and 7 which force the weft against the pro jeotions 9 of the dents of the reed.

Fig. 6 is a general View of the arrangement mounted on the foot of the frame; as w, w w are the warp threads.

The rocking member of Fig. 4 is shown mounted; it oscillates about its axis 1. The interrupted lines show it in its closed or working position, the full lines in the nor mal position. In this latter position, it lies below the warp threads and allows the free passage of the shuttles.

A weft Z is thrown in the usual manner between the warp threads 00 w, m 00. These latter not being completely closed, the weft can consequently be pushed by the rocking member without great force against the projection 9 of the reed, is forced be.- tween two adjacent dents of the reed and consequently lengthened, the quantity of thread necessary for the excess of length being drawn from the shuttle.

It should be remarked that the different rocking members placed over the whole width of the loom do not all work at the same time but in succession, commencing on the opposite side from the shuttle, in order to allow the thread to be drawn from the shuttle as the action is progressively passed on. Also, each undulating device rests in its working position during some time in order to maintain the undulated weft in the reed and to prevent the adjacent undulator from deranging it when working.

The weft is thus undulated between the dents of the reed and is ready to be placed in the fabric without any efi'ort of the batten or reed, and this condition is important for efficient working.

This undulated weft, not drawing either on the warp threads or on the selvag-e, does not contract the latter, but on the contrary it fills it up, maintains the warps at their exact position and consequently obviates the necessity'for the use of temples.

The arrangements for operating the rocking member Will'nowbe described.

In Fig. 6 the batten 22 is shown in section and hatched. The reed is placed on this batten in the manner described previously. 14 and 15 are two rails extending along the whole length of the batten below the rounded part 8 of the rocking members. The rails are secured upon pieces 14: and 15 conveniently secured to the batten 22. The rails are arranged so as to provide below the necessary space for a sliding carriage (Figs. 7 and 8) which may be moved by a cam, lever, chain or rope from one end to the other of the frame, by a movement similar to that of the rods of velvet pile looms.

The sliding carriage has an eye 1.8 on which a member 19 provided with an inclined portion at one end thereof, oscillates. The thickness of this member corresponds to the distance apart of the rails 14, 15 so that it passes freely between the latter.

On each side of this member at 20 are two projecting rollers adapted to rest on the rails 141, 15. The height of these rollers tends through an opening 41 in the frame supports 29 and thus sustains the whole system together, so that between two adjacent frame supports 29 there is a separator system oscillating about its axle 42.

It is obvious that the separator system could be constituted by a single separator extending across the whole of the loom, but the present arrangement allows the separators to act more easily with less friction and better parallelism, it also permits the employment of axles and members of reduced dimensions, which is useful 011 a loom where the dimensions are restricted, so that between each frame support 29 there is a separator oscillating about its axle 42.

The blades of the separator 40 may be represented by even numerals and the blades 36 by odd numerals, or conversely. A spring tends to maintain the separators so that the blades 43 rest in their lower position as shown in full lines in Fig. 9.

On the cylinders 35 and 40 of the undulators and separators are screw-threaded pivots 48, 47 serving as axles for little steel rollers 46, 45.

Preferably an endless chain 49 extends along the member 26 throughout the entire width of the loom. The thickness of this chain is calculated so that it cannot act on the rollers 45, 46, but at convenient places small steel plates 50, 51 of suitable form and height are fixed on each side of this chain to raise the rollers 45 of the separators, and 46 of the separate undulators. The plate 50 acting on the separators is preferably rectangular, Fig. 10, in order to maintain the blades 43 of the system constantly raised, while the plate 51 of the undulators 36 is an inclined plane (Fig. 10), allowing the blades to be raised progressively one after the other and maintaining them raised for the time necessary for the undulation. In Fig. 10, the first plate of the cam 50, which would hide the first plate of the cam 51, has been omitted.

This undulation operates as follows 1 Suppose the warp threads in their closed position, a weft thread .Z having been thrown across the shed but the reed not to have beaten up the thread. Directly after the weft has been thrown, the frame being stopped for the duration of the undulation the chain 49 effecting the winding is set in movement.

The plate 50 engaging the roller 45 of the first separator, raises it, and the length of this plate 50 on the driving chain is calculated in order to maintain the bar in this position as long as may be required.

The blades 43 of the separators being thus maintained in the raised position, the plate 51 of the driving chain raises the first blade 36 by abutting against the roller 46. This blade 36 crosses between the first and second blade 43 of the separator, drawing the weft with it horizontally across these blades, the required increase of length of the weft being drawn from the shuttle. It maintains it in this position for a time sufficient for four or live separate blades to perform the same actions.

When the last blade of each separator is reached by the particular unuulator, the plates 50 and 51 arrive at the end of their path and cease to act, separators and individual blades falling into their normal position under the action of the springs 3? and 44, leaving the weft thread as an interrupted line in the warp. To ensure certainty of action and to avoid any disarrangement while this weft thread is being drawn in the interrupted line, the plates 50 and 51 continue to act an appreciable interval after the work is finished, and the separators and the undulators only fall when the second separator has connected its work.

It should be noticed that the separators are raised successively one after the other, and as explained above the weft lies in the warp threads not as a straight line but a line regularly undulated.

Separators and undulators having been lowered the frame is set in motion, the reed heats up the undulated weft in the usual manner. This weft does not wedge the warp threads but lies against them as shown in Fig. 1. In this manner the insertion of a weft thread much longer than the length of the reed is obtained. This length is variable according to the heights of the plates 50, 51 i of the driving chain and is controlled in consequence. Vrhile only two embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in the accompanying drawings it will be understood that the invention is capable of a variety of mechanical expressions. It is to be expressly understood that the drawings are for purposes of illustration only and are not designed as a definition of the limits of the invention, reference being had for this purpose to the appended claims.

What we claim is:

1. In a loom, the combination of a shuttle, a plurality of axles parallel to the weft thread, a plurality of blades pivoted about said axles, means for successively rotating said blades after the passing of the shuttle in the direction that pushes the weft thread away from the fabric, rigid blades for stopping the weft thread, and a reed to apply the weft thread against the fabric.

2. In a power loom, a shuttle, a plurality of separators having rigid blades, a series of individually actuated undulators, means for actuating said separators whereby they serve to support the weft in the posit-ion given it by the shuttle, means for successively moving said undulators between said rigid Hit) blades in order to push the weft between the blades, and means for moving said undulators and separators below the weft.

3. In a power loom, a shuttle, rocking members provided with rigid blades and each having an axle extending into a recess in the next adjacent member for centering said members and preserving their individual freedom of movement, a series of individually actuated undulators, means for controlling said members whereby they serve as a support for the weft in the position given by the shuttle, means for successively moving the undulators between said rigid blades in order to push the weft between the blades, and means for moving said undulators and separators below the weft.

4. In a power loom, rocking members propreserving their individual freedom of movement, a series of individually actuated undulators, means for successively moving said undulators between said blades whereby the weft is forced between said blades, an endless chain extending across the WlCl'thOf the loom a plurality of plates constituting cams secured to said chain, arms for each of said members and separators adapted to be engaged by said plates whereby said members and separators are actuated to undulate the weft.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification.

PIERRE RENARD. FERDINAND RENARD.

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