US1726434A - Loom - Google Patents

Description

27, 1929- I a. D. HAHN Loom Original Filed Sept. 6, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR 13.3 Hahn.

ATTORNEY y/AW w.

Aug. 27, 1929. B. D. HAHN I 1,726,434

- Loom Original Filed Sept. 6, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR .B. D. Hahn ATTORNEY B. D. HAHN Aug. 27, 1929.

DOOM

Original Filed Sept. 6, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR 5.17. flak/7L.

ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 27, 1929.

UNITED STATES. PATENT OTFFICEQ.

BENJAMIN D. HAHN, OF GREEN VILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA..

" oom.

Application filed September 6, 1927, Serial No. 217,697. Renewed July 12, 1929;

with the accompanying drawings forming part thereof, and in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a horizontal loom embodying the improvements of the present invention,

Figure 2 is a perspective detail with thewhip, race plate, shuttle box, reed and batten in their cooperative relation, and with the batten carrying a stop motion device and operating the temples,

Figure 3 is a top plan view ofthe loom shown in Figure 1,

Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken on the line tt of Figure 3, and showing the batten operating mechanism,

F igure'5 is a perspective detail of the batten blades and separator plates,

Figure 6 is a side elevation similar to F ig-. ure 1 but showing the invention adapted to a loom as at present constructed, the lay beam being sta-tionarily mounted in making this adaptation. I

Figure 7 is a plan view showing a modified form of shuttle operating Whip for the filling particularly adapted to the narrower looms. Figure 8 is a detail of the binder carried whip of said modified form. Weaving embraces three principal motions which are common to all types of looms, namely, (1). shedding, or parting the warp threads to form the passage for the shuttle and including the heddle mechanism; (2) picking, or the driving of the shuttle through the warp shed; and (3) beating up or the driving of the weft or filling threads into their proper position in the fabric.

Of these three motions, this invention is more particularly concerned with the last named, although its structural improvements extend to cooperating associated mechanism,

such as the race and shuttle, reed, and because of the distance from the fell at which the filling isleft by the shuttle, means supplemental to the batten which are necessary to push the to operate the stop motion of the loom, and (2) to operate the temples.

the filling into the Because of the use of thebatten'and whip,

ofa stationary shuttle race or beam b i which the reedis supported, the latter functions not to beat up the fillingas in the ordinary loom,

but to hold the warp threads separated. Since its function is so confined, its structure is ma terially simplified and it is carried as a fixed part of the race or beam. I use the terms race or. beam in the alternative sense, since my invention, while providing a loom construction which dispenses with the lay beam, simplifying the reed and using it as a simple warp guide supported from the race plate, was conceived with the purpose of providing a construction which may be adapted to present type looms by utilizingthe lay beams as a support for the reed, and theinvention is therefore also shown and described as so adapted. I r

a preliminary to a detailed description of my invention, it is perhaps best to clear the way andprevent confusion by reference to such parts of a typical loom as isconcerned with the present invention, the operation of the parts being briefly reviewed.

The loom frame 1, carries at the rear, what is known as a warp beam 2 upon which the warp threads are wound. After these are passed over the whip roll 3, they divide, forming the upper and lower sheds 4 and 5. The threads in the two shedsare held suspendedv by the heddles 6 and 7 with which the harness frames 8 and 9 are equipped, the reciprocating motion of the harness frames produced by well known-mechanism (not here illustrated) serving to alternate the position of the sheds and thus produce the interweaving as the filling is inserted by means ofthe shuttle 10. The warp sheds 4 and 5 converge to a point 11 T9 dial I vention to operate the batten'shaft 15'. i

Motion is imparted to the shuttle 10 for the purpose of inserting the filling by a pair of' picker sticlrs17,- one of which is shown in large scale IIIFIgHIG 2.

This invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings,fiprovides the batten shaft journallcd at its ends in bearings 16 formed upon angled brackets 18 secured to the side I ofv and below the top face of the breast bar 12, at opposite sides. of the loom framewithin its sides as best seen in Figures 13. The breast bar, may be and preferably is of metal and as best seen in'Figure 2, constitutes part of the loom frame although in embodying the invention in looms as at pre ent constructed, the wooden breast bar may be retained and utilized. At the rear of the loom, as viewed in Figures 1-3, the shaft 15 is extended and provided at its end with a crank arm 20 actuated from shaft 14las will be later described to rock shaft 15 in a direction to swing the batten fingers 21 on shaft 15 to beat the filling carried by them into the fell ofthe cloth. A coiled spring 19 encircles the extension of shaft 15 has itsoppo site ends engaging a stationary bearing 16,

and the movable crank arm 20 being tensioned by swinging movement of crank arm 20 in the direction to swing-the batten fingers to ward the fell and acts-to snap said arm and the batten bladesbaclr to the positions shown in Figures 1 and 2. To effect this first'inovement of the crank arm 20, a connecting rod 22 is guided at its rear end for longitudinal reciprocation throughan appropriate slot in the bracket 2t secured to and offset from frame 1. (Figaire The end of the rod 22 extending beyond bracket 21 is provided with a lateral offset 25 having a facing of cushioning material 26 such as leatheror rubber. As will be seen from Figure l of the drawings, the forward end ofjthe rod has a slotted connection with crank arm 20'. The shaft 14 extends outwardly from the loom frame at this side of the loom and rotatably carries a finger 27 shaped to engage a lug 28 depending from the rod 22,.the surfaces being relatively shaped and positioned to have initial engagement without, jar. The point at which finger 27 releases lug 28 to permit spring 19 to snap back the rod 22 determines the limit of filling beating up movement of the batten fingers 21 and this point maybe varied by inclining the rear end of the connecting rod 22 at determinate angles as suggested by the inclination of the rear end of the connecting rod in Figure 4. 1 I

' The portion of the batten shaft 15 within the frame which carries the batten fingers curved finger portions and have a is square in cross section as best seen in Fig ure 4 and receives in alternation the batten fingers 21 and spacer plates 29. These batten fingers are notched at the end opposite their snug fit on the square sectionof shaft 15, While the spacer plates 29 are'similarly notched from their lower sides in the positionsof these fingers and plates shown in Figure 5. As previously said, the fingers 21 and spacer plates 29 alternate upon the square section of shaft 16. The separator plates obviously are forthe purpose of positioning the batten fingers in lines between the warp threads so that they may engage the filling thread to beat it up into the fell of the cloth. Preferably, they are held firmly in position on the shaft 15 by the ends of the shaft within the bearings 18 and are held against spreading by a rod 290 (Fig.

clamping nuts 30 threaded on the rounded 3) extending through aligned bores'291 in the batten fingers and spacer plates (Fig. 5) and having one end headed and theopposite end threaded to receive a nut 292 as seen in Figure 3, the disposal of the open ends .of

the slots in the batten lingers and separator plates at right anglesin conjunction with the clamping rod 290 serving to hold them firmly the shaft. It is to be noted'that the batten fingers 21 with their adjacent separator plates are normally, prior to beating up movement, supported in the horizontal position shown in Figures 1, 2, t and 6, the batten fingers 21 having their filling engaging edge formed as a curved notch 210, the extremity of which tapers and suggests a finger."

The filling is fed onto the batten fingers of the shaft 15 by whipping mechanisms which will be described later and'which are automatically actuated by the entry and departure of the shuttle from the shuttle boxes. Since in accordance with the present invention, the whip and batten mechanism act successively to push or beat up the filling into the fell, the vibrating or reciprocating reed is dispensed with. I utilize, however, the reed without its frame as a warp guide and support it in a stationary position adjacent to the shuttle race so that it forms a reed-like warp guide positioned between the filling inserting and the shed forming means of the loom.

In accordance withanother feature of invention, I provide a unitary construction of shuttle race and boxes in which the boxes are permanently alined and which may bereadily removed as a unit from the loom frame accordingly, as best seen in Figures 1-3.v

A metallic bar extends entirelyv acrossand beyond the front and back frame members of the loom. The intermediate portion 31 forms the shuttle race and its integral end extension 31'? which is laterally extended forms the bottom of the shuttle boxes, end slots 32 being.

formed in the box extensions for the picker sticks 17 The bar 31 is supported on the loom frame in fixed relation thereto. at a pointbetween the shed forming heddles and the batten shaft 15. To support the shuttlebar,loom

frame standards 1 are provided with spaced to the floor 31 of the boxes by suitable means such as pinning or brazing. The front of the boxes are conveniently formed by .the

binder arms 35 hinged on pins 36 upstanding from the outer endsof floors 31 'attheir forward edges and curving inwardly at their central portionsto be engaged and moved outwardly by the shuttle entering the boxes. Leaf springs 37 anchored to the hinge pins 36 and engaging the binders normally urge them inwardly for engagement by the entering shuttles. As the shuttle is subsequently ejected by the picker stick, the binder 35 is forced inwardly again by its spring 37.

The narrowed intermediate portion 31 of the bar constitutes, aspreviously stated, the shuttle race and is of appropriate width to support the shuttle. The filling inserting operation performed by the shuttle is facilitated and the inter-weaving of filling and warp improved by maintaining the threads of the warp sheds spaced and free from lapping or slack at the point where the filling is inserted. Accordingly, I have provided a warp guide which may conveniently consist of a loom reed without its frame or of a similar reed-like guide and which ismounted in fixed substantially parallel relation to the shuttle race 31. When a loom is manufactured for theapplication of the features of this invention, as suggested in Figures 1 and 2, the support for this warp guide may convenientlyform an extension of the bar 31. Accordingly, this bar at its rear edge and between the shuttle boxes isprovided with a depending trough 38 in the bottom of which "the cross bar of reed 39 is seated and in which it is retained by means of a suitably contoured retaining strip 40 detachably held in position by suitable screws or bolts.

"he shuttle race, boxes and warp guide therefore, form a unitary construction which say be readily and bodily removed from the loom frame as a unit by the loom fixer. The shuttle boxes are permanently in alinement, thus saving the time of the loom fixer and enabling him to supervise a largernumber of looms.

In Figure 6 of the drawings, I haveshown the constructions of the present invention ap plied to a loom of present day construction, the reciprocating mechanism of the lay beam being dispensed with and the lay beam 41 itself fixedly secured to theloom frame in a position corresponding to that of the bar 31 in Figure 1. This bar, without the trough 38' and frame attaching flanges 31", is, securedupon the upper face ofthe lay beam which is cut down in width to correspond with that of the race 31 of the bar and has its rear edge recessed at 42 to receive the lower cross bar of the reed 39, which is held fixed therein by a. suitably contoured retaining strip 43. The

construction disclosed in this figure otherwise corresponds and is similarly numbered with that of the Figures -15 of the drawings, the only other'varlation consisting in supportin the brackets 18 from the lay beam 41 instead of by. feet resting on the frame as in Figures 1 and 2.

The out and in movement of the shuttle binders 35 is utilized to operate what 1 term the whipping mechanism. This is necessary owing to the fact that the shuttle 10 leaves the filling a little distance from the batten fingers 21 and makes it necessary to rovide means for preliminarily pushing the lling forwardly and over onto the'batten fingers which are subsequently operated finally to push or beat up the filling into its proper place in the fell of the fabric.

Accordingly, brackets are secured to the forward side of the bills 34 of the shuttle boxes. Hook shaped whips 45 have their shanks 46 extending through and journalled in the brackets and provided with downwardly benteyes 47 at their outer ends. These eyes are engaged loosely by pins 48 extending therethrough and'as shown, forming extensions from the plates 49 secured to the inner ends of the binders 85. The whip hook 45 is moved from the full line position, Figure 2, where it is out of the path of the shuttle, downwardly and forwardly as a shuttle 10 enters a shuttle box and engages and moves its binder outwardl beingrotated to engage the filling and push it over onto the batten fingers which in turn carry the filling forward into the fell. The whip remains in the position in which it is turned until the hook is reversely moved through the return of the binder to its original lifted position out of the way of the shuttle.

The whip mechanism previously described is applicable generally and is especially advantageous when used in the 'wider looms where the angle of the shuttle thread is less loom, the shuttle binder has attached to its inner end, a steel blade extending inwardly beyond theedge of the bill 34 of the shuttle box with its projecting end set close to the path of the shuttle, and, as best seen in the detail view in Figure 8 is provided with a cam edge 51 rearwardly rounded and reduced in thickness to provide a retaining nib 52. In Figure 7, I have indicated the path of shuttle movement by the arrow and leter a. Assuming the shuttle is to move from the shuttle boX at the lower side of the loom frame, as depicted in Figure 7 to the upper side, it will be evident that the filling thread carried by the shuttle, which has previously been beaten up into the fell to the point a, will be moved by the straight line movement of the shuttle across the loom to the point (H. The lines aa; (l -(l and a-a designate the angle of this movement and the line LIZ-CZ constitutes the path at an angle to the line a of shuttle movement which is traversed by the'filling thread as it is so shot with the shuttle. On the return movement, the reverse action takes place, the filling thread being moved in the path ba,. As a shuttle is aboutto enter a shuttle box, its filling thread, because of these angles, aforesaid, will ride over the camming slope 51 of the whip hook 50 and in the continued movement of the shuttle into its boX will snap under the retaining nib 52. As the'shuttle now engages the binder 35 and moves the same outwardly, the filling thread will be likewise moved outwardly by the whip 50 and over onto the batten fingers 21. T heangular relation of the thread to the whip 50 is indicated in Figure'S,

reference to which, in conjunction with the foregoing description will make this operation clear.

As the batten fingers receive the filling thread from the Whip or the inclined feeding plates, last mentioned, they are actuated through shaft 1%, fingers 27 and the connecting rod 22 forwardly and inthe position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4 driving the filling into the fell and being automatically snapped back after the fingers 27 release the lug 28 by the tensioned coil spring 19. .The batten fingers move through'an arc approximating 80, as seen from Fig. 4 and therefore provide thorough beating up and compacting action.

In the event a filling thread carried by the shuttle should break, looms are provided with stop-motion mechanism which is operated to stop the operation of the-loom upon the breaking of a thread. V

In accordance with the present invention,

I take advantage of the arrangement and.

beating up movement of the batten fingersto provide an automatic control of this nature which cooperates with any standard form of throw-off Accordingly at one end of the batten shaft, its bearing 16 is formed with an 'arm 55, and swinging its end also forwardly from the arm of the control lever and preventing the release of the throw-01f mechanism. As the batten plates are returned, the arm is returned and rests at a stop projecting from the side of the bracket plate 16. If, on the other hand, the filling thread has become broken, the finger 56 will not swing forwardly with the batten fingers and the stop motion control. lever may be operated by its mechanism.

Conveniently the beating up movement of the end battenfingers 21 at the front and rear ofthe machine is, in accordance with the present invention, utilized to operate the usual temples, one of whichis conventionally shown in Figure 1, 61 designating the temple head, and 62 the arm connecting the head with the approach the limit of their beating up movement, their upper ends engage the temple heads and impart slight forward cloth tensioning and feeding movements thereto, the temple arms and heads returning by spring action as usual to receive the next impulse,

' the shuttle enters its box, the whip mechanism operates to; swlng a whip finger and move the filling thread of the shuttle over and onto the adjacent batten fingers 21, which now turn to compact the filling into the fell. The batten fingers immediately are returned, the shuttle is shot to the opposite side of the loom and the operation repeated. If a filling thread becomesbroken, the filling control fails to I temple body 63. As the end batten fingers 21 move in response to the beating up movement 'of the batten fingers and the throw-off mechanism consequently is operated, stopping the operation of the mechanism until the break can be repaired.

The described beating up motion and its associated shuttle and other mechanisms are instrumental in reducing the number of working parts of an ordinary l-oom, thereby reducing power consumption in mills'and reducing vibration and prolonging the life'of the machinery. In substituting the whip and batten fingers for the beating up function of the usual reed, and in using a reed without its imity to the filling inserting mechanism, and

means associated with and operated by said inserting mechanism to sweep the-filling inserted thereby toward the fell of the cloth.

2. A loom comprising a frame, filling inserting mechanism associated with the frame and including shuttle boxes and mechanism to move a shuttle transversely of the warp between the shed forming means and the fell of the cloth, means for pushing a filling thread toward the fell associatedwith the shuttle boxes and operated by successive filling inserting entries of a shuttle therein periodically to push successive filling threads toward the fell.

3. A loom comprising a frame, filling inserting mechanism associated with the frame and including shuttle boxes and mechanism to move a shuttle transversely of the warp between the shed forming means and the fell of the cloth, means for pushing a filling thread toward the fell associated with the shuttle boxes and operated by successive filling inserting entries of a shuttle therein periodically to push successive filling threads toward the fell, said pushing means including a yielding member on a shuttle box normally projecting in the path of entry of a shuttle into its box, a whipping hook journalled for turning movement to sweep a filler thread toward the fell and operative connections between the hook and said yielding member.

4. A loom comprising filling inserting mechanism and filling beating up mechanism including a rock shaft having spaced filling receivingbatten fingers mounted thereon for oscillation with the shaft, and means for oscillating said shaft including an actuating bar operatively connected-to said batten shaft and cam operated means for alternately moving said bar to turn said fingers toward the fell and a spring tensioned by said movement and effective to return the bar and shaft.

5. A loom comprising a batten shaft having journalling ends and an intermediate portion square in cross section, curved batten fingers and spacer plates having squared notches in their edges for sliding fit over said shaft and arranged in alternation thereon, the closed side of a spacer plate alining with the open inserted end of a finger plate in assembled positions, and means for holding said fingers and spacers longitudinally together on the shaft.

6. A loom comprising a frame, a warp guiding reed positioned between the shed forming means and the filling and through which the warp threads pass prior to the formation of the cloth, filling inserting mecha nism including a shuttle and shuttle boxes, and means associated with the shuttle boxes of the filling inserting mechanism and operated through the entry of a shuttle in a shuttle box to push the filling as inserted by the shuttle toward the fell of the cloth.

7. A loom comprising reed like guiding means through which the warp threads pass prior to the formation of cloth, filling inserting means including a shuttle and shuttle boxes, filling advancing means .associated with the shuttle boxes and operative upon the passage of a shuttle to a shuttle box to engage and push forwardly toward the fell of the cloth the filling inserted by the shuttle, and a secondarily acting batten having a plurality of fingers thereon into engaging relation with which the filling is pushed by said advancing means, said batten being operative to press into final position in the fell of the cloth the filling so pushed by said advancmg means.

8. A loom comprising a frame, shed form lng means, filling inserting mechanism associated therewith including a stationary race plate, shuttle boxes alined therewith and an associated shuttle with operating mechanism therefor, means associated with and in juxtaposition to the shuttle boxes operative by the shuttle entering a shuttle box to engage and periodically to advance toward the fell the filling as successively inserted between thesheds, and means positioned in proximity to the fell to receive and automatically operative periodically'to push the filling so advanced into final position in the fell.

BENJAMIN D. HAHN.

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