US1950412A - Loom - Google Patents

Description

R. MARX March 13, 1934.

LOOM

Filed June 1, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 fiweniar EJLCkdi d 5 kid 5 26 0722630 WW 7 7M R. MARX March 13, 1934.

LOOM

Filed June 1. 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 R. MARX March 13, 1934.

LOOM

Filed June 1. 1929 I5 Sheets-$heet 3 fiwenz ar- 3 ALL; flfiarzwya hm 7W Patented Mar. 13, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 14- Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving pile fabrics, and more particularly to looms of the type employing pile wires arranged longitudinally of the fabric or in the direction of the warps.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a. loom of this type having generally improved means for forming the pile loops.

A more specific object of the invention is to provide a loop-forming means which is entirely automatic, in that it requires actuation of no part of the loom other than that involved in the normal operation of reciprocating the pile warps.

Another object of the invention is to provide a loom of the stated type in which the formation of the pile loop is such as to permit it to be readily undone and which is provided with means for mechanically effecting such undoing whereby the fabric may be unwoven to permit correction of mistakes resulting from faulty jacquard operation or from other causes.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel form of mechanism of the slated type affording a materially improved product of manufacture.

A further object of the invention is toprovide a loom of the type set forth which may be operated at a much faster rate of speed than looms of the same type as made prior tomy invention.

A further object of the invention is to provide a loop-forming mechanism for looms which shall be extremely compact, thereby affording an exceptionally large space for accommodation of the lingo wires actuated by the jacquard and offering no interference to the weaver in the operation of fixing the ends.

A still further object of the invention is to pr vide a loom which shall be practically fool-proof.

A further object of the invention is to provide a loom of the stated type in which ample room is provided for the functioning of the stuifer and binder yarns as well as for the idle print yarn, and which is in no way adversely affected by the presence of knots or irregularities in the yarn.

Another object of the invention is to provide a loop-forming mechanism of the stated type in which the wear on the parts is reduced to a minimum.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a device of the class set forth in which desired changes in the reed may be made with great ease and rapidity.

The invention further contemplates the provision of a loom upon which fabrics can be woven of much greater width than on looms equipped with the prior loop-forming devices.

Another object of the invention is to provide a loom in which a finer grade of fabric can be made than in other loo-ms of the same type.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for effecting a desirable tightness of the pile loop on the wire affording a uniformly smooth and regular pile in the woven product.

Still another object of the invention is to pro-v vide a loop-forming apparatus in the form of a unit which can be applied easily and quickly to any form of loom.

The invention further resides in certain novel and improving structural details hereinafter set forth and illustrated in the attached drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a front view of a loop-forming attachment made in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the attachment;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view illustrating the relation of the attachment to the essential associated working parts of a loom;

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view on the line 4--l, Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view taken on the line 55, Fig. 4, illustrating the relative transverse positions of the reed elements;

Figs. 6 and 7 are face views of the two forms of reed elements used in a preferred embodiment of my invention;

Fig. 8 is a section on the line 88, Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9-9, Fig. 7

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary elevational view illustrating two adjacent reed elements and the intermediate pile wire in their normal relative positions;

Fig. 11 shows the same elements as in Fig. 10 in the position to which they are adjusted for a reversal of the weaving operation;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view illustrating a structural detail, and

Fig. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view illustrating the mode of operation of another detail of the invention.

With particular reference to Figs. 1 and 2, a preferred embodiment of my invention may consist of a main frame 1 including standards 2, 2 upon which is supported an open rectangular sub-frame 5. This sub-frame 5 consist of upper and lower horizontal bars 6 and 7, to the ends of which are pivotally secured upright bars 8 and 9, and these uprights are also pivotally connected at 10, 10 intermediate their ends to standards 11 and 12 of the main frame 1. As indicated at 13 in Fig. 2, the apertures in the uprights 8 and 9 through which the pivot pins extend are slotted longitudinally of the uprights, so that for a purpose hereinafter set forth, these uprights are permitted a certain amount of longitudinal movement with respect to the main frame. The lower horizontal bar '7 of the frame 5 rests upon roller bearings 14 in the standards 2, and a positive connection between the horizontal bar 7 and the standards is provided in the form of screws 15 projecting from the said horizontal bar through blades 25a.

horizontal slots 16 in the standards. This construction provides for longitudinal movement of the horizontal bar 7 with respect to the supporting standards 2, this movement of the horizontal being permitted by reason of the pivotal connection between itself and the upper horizontal 6 and the upright frame pieces 8 and 9, and the pivotal and slotted connection between the said uprights 8 and 9 and the main frame uprights 11 and 12. Provision is made for adjusting the subframe 5 in the main frame 1, this means consisting in the present instance of a lever 17 pivotally secured at 18 to a bracket 19 on the main frame upright 12, said lever also having a pivotal connection as indicated at 20 with the sub-frame 5. Obviously, movement of the free end of the lever 17 results in an adjustment of the frame 5 as described abcve, a slight longitudinal movement of the lever 17 being provided for in a slot 21 through which the pivot screw 18 extends.

The upper and lower horizontal frame pieces 6 and 7 are provided at their lower and upper edges respectively with a series of transverse slots 22, see Figs. 10, 11 and 12, these slots being formed in the present instance in bars 23 secured by means of screws 24 to the horizontals 6 and '7. These transverse slots are adapted to receive the upper and lower ends of a series of yarn guides 25 which in a preferred embodiment take the form of more or less flat plates, as shown in Figs. 6, '7 and 8. As therein disclosed, the blades are formed in two sets shown respectively in Figs. 6 and 'T and indicated respectively 25a and 25b. The blades 25a comprise a main section 26 having at the bottom a transversely projecting foot 27,- andat the opposite end a transversely offset portion 28. At the lower extreme edge is a projecting lug 29, and the offset portion 28 is provided on the opposite sides with spaced recesses 30 and 31. At the opposite vertical edges of the blade and respectively opposite the recesses 30 and 31 is a. pair of transversely projecting fins or flanges 32 and 33, these fins in each instance projecting from that face of the blade opposite the face in which the immediately adjacent recess, 30 or 31, is formed. The blades 25b are essentially similar to the blades 25a, having the same elements, which in Fig. '1 are designated by the same reference characters used in the description of the blades 25a. The blades 25b differ from the blades 25a in that the foot projections 27 and the offset upper section 28 project from. the main section 26 oppositely to the corresponding parts of the Also the lug 29 of the blade 2511 projects from the outer end of the projecting foot 27, and the upper extremity is slightly modified for a purpose hereinafter set forth.

As shown in Fig. 4. the blades are adapted to be assembled in the slots with the blades 25a interspersed or alternating with the blades 2512. In the assembly, the upper and lower end edges of all of the blades are in transverse alignment, the lugs 29 being so placed as also to fall in transverse alignment, as clearly illustrated. These lugs projecting downwardly against one of the vertical faces of the lower slotted bar 23 constitute a means for clamping the lower ends of the blades, this being accomplished in the present instance through the medium of a clamping bar 34 secured to the frame horizontals 7 by means of screws 35. The upper frame horizontal 6 is provided on each vertical face with a retaining plate 36 which projects beyond the nether face of theupper slotted bar 23, see Fig.

i, these face plates 36 thereby constituting re-- taining elements for the upper transversely aligned extremities of the blades 25. The upper and lower extremities of each of the blades 25 are beveled or slightly tapered, as illustrated in the enlarged detail view of Fig. 12, thereby providing in the joints the freedom required for the longitudinal adjustment of the lower frame horizontals '7 described above and the consequent distortion of the sub-frame 5. As shown in Fig. 12, the tapered ends of the blades 25 in conjunction with the rectangular form of the recesses 22 provide a. continuously relatively tight socket connection, while permitting the relative movement of the blades with respect to the recessed pieces which hold them when the frame 5 is distorted.

The above described mechanism constitutes a unit adapted for mounting on the loom in a position intermediate the harness and the lay. The relative position of the apparatus with respect to the lay is illustrated in Fig. 3, in which the lay is indicated by the reference numeral 3?. correspond in general with the reeds 38 of the la and normally are in substantial parallel relation with the later.

'39 are the pile wires which may be assembled in the loom in the usual manner and which extend between the reeds 38 and have their outer extremities positioned between the adjacent pairs of guide blades 25. As shown in Figs. 3, 10 and 11, the extremities of the wires which lie between the blades 25 are free and are provided with a vertical cross piece or extensions 40, which preferably are highly resilient and relatively thin. 10 does not normally occupy a truly vertical position, but is somewhat inclined to the vertical so that when the blades 25 are in their normal substantially vertical position, as shown in Fig. 10, the extremities of the cross piece lie respectively against the opposed faces of the blades between which the pile wire projects. Also as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 10, the extremities of the cross piece 40 lie directly opposite the flanges 32 and 33 of the two adjacent blades. With the parts as illustrated in Fig. 10, it will be apparent that a pile warp reciprocated between any two of the blades 25 in a, path extending above and below the extremities of the cross bar 40 will 1 be guided by the blades, so that in each full reciprocation it will pass completely around the pile wire 39 to form a complete loop thereon. When the frame 5 is adjusted by means of the lever 17 from the normal position, as shown in Fig. 10, the blades 25 assume a diagonal position, as shown in Fig. 11, whereby the upper and lower ends of the cross piece 40 contact respectively with the opposite blade surfaces, the

recesses 30 and31 being so located with respect to the cross piece 40 that the ends of the latter lie within the recesses, as shown in Fig. 11. Under these circumstances, a yarn reciprocated in the normal manner will be passed around the pile wire 39 in the opposite direction, so that ing the yarn outwardly from the sides of the 1;

The number and spacing of the guides 25 The cross piece 40 as shown in Fig.

blades against which the said extremities bear and insuring a smooth and sure operation. When the blades are moved to an abnormal position, as shown in Fig. 11, on the other hand, the extremities of the cross piece of the pile wire lie within the recesses 30 and 31 of the adjacent blades whereby the extremities of the cross piece are again prevented from coming into contact with the pile yarn as it moves between the blades in either direction.

By utilizing the two oppositely offset sets of blades 25a and 25b interspersed as set forth above, a relatively wide opening is provided between the lower sections of the blades in which the stufier and binder yarns as well as the idle print yarns have ample room to move. Knots or any irregularities in the yarn will not interfere with a proper normal function.

Attention is also directed to the form of the pile wire in the loop-forming section. As indicated at 41, the wire is recessed at the upper edge in a smooth curve to form a relatively narrow section where the pile loops are initially formed. As the loops are forced back on the wider portion of the wire, they are extended and rendered uniformly tight so that when eventually sheared by the blade 42, the resulting pile is extremely smooth and free from irregularities. By providing, as shown in Fig. 3, an adjustment of the wire to vary the position of the recess 41 of the pile wire with respect to the adjacent edge of the beam, it is possible to accurately regulate the tightness of the loop. This can be readily understood by reference to Fig. 13, wherein it will be noted that the beam 43 is so positioned with respect to the recess that the loops formed in the latter are forced by the lay as it advances against the breast beam completely out of the recess 41 and onto the portion of the wire of greater height. A loop formed under these conditions, while entirely firm, is relatively loose. Assuming now that the breast beam and the wire are so relatively adjusted that a portion of the recess 41 overlies the end of the beam, it will be apparent that the loop, when beaten in by the lay, will not be forced onto that portion of the wire of greatest height, but will mere- 1y be brought into a position still within the recess 41 but nearer its forward edge. When the next succeeding loop, however, is forced forwardly by the lay, that loop will force the pr viously formed loop completely out of the recess 41 and onto the portion of the wire of greatest thickness, with the result that the loop is placed under considerable tension and will be relatively tight upon the wire. The actual tightness of the loop upon the wire may thus be regulated within limits imposed by the depth of the recess 41.

The wire-clamping bar 39a, which bridges the breast beam to permit passage thereunder of the woven fabric, is adjustably secured at its ends to the beam, as illustrated, to provide for adjustment of the wires as set forth. The frame 1 is also adjustable as a whole, whereby the relation of the guides to the wire may be maintained, this adjusting means being shown at 1a in Fig. 2.

There are many advantages in my mechanism. The loops formed around the wire as described may be readily undone by a simple adjustment of the guides, as set forth above, in case this is made necessary by faulty jacquard operation or for other reason. The full loop arrangement also results in the production of a better article in that the contact between the wefts and the pile yarn covers a greater surface than in fabrics formed in accordance with the prior method. This results in a firmer bond between the pile and the base fabric. The device permits of a unitary construction which can be applied with ease to any loom and is capable of being mounted either on the loom itself or on the floor adjacent the loom. The attachment is compact and takes up only a very small portion of the space in back of the lathe cap, thereby giving the lingo wires actuated by the jacquard ample room to function. Also the highest portion of the attachment is well below the lathe cap and does not interfere in any way in the end fixing operations of the Weaver.

The device eliminates all parts moved or actuated from the loo-m, the formation of the loop 'eing entirely automatic and resulting from a simple reciprocation of the warps in the usual manner. No expert handling is required as the device is fool-proof and is therefore capable of operation by any weaver. As previously stated, the staggered form of the interspersed guide blade provides ample space where the bulk of the yarn functions for the free movement of the yarn, and the relatively slight staggered effect the upper sections of the guide blades is sufficient to entirely neutralize the space taken up by the flanges 32 and 33 and gives the pile yarn as much free play as though the flanges were not present. The uide blades are readily formed by stamping from sheet material, and this latter may be relatively light by reason of the fact that the blades are supported at both top and bottom, and the device permits more loops per inch and the production of a finer grade of fabric than can be produced on machines as made in accordance with the prior practice. As there are no moving parts, wear in the attachment will be relatively slight, and it is possible to run the 100m at a much faster rate than was possible with the machines employing the prior wire motions. This is especially true on broad looms, and the device is adapted for the production of fabrics of much greater widths than was practicable with the prior devices.

I claim:

1. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warpwise pile wires, of guides operatively associated with said wires, means for reciprocating warp yarns in the guides and with respect to said wires, and cooperative deflectors on the wires and guides for directing the warp yarns to opposite sides of the wires.

2. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warpwise pile wires, of guides operatively associated with said wires, means for reciprocating warp yarns in the guides and with respect to said wires, deflectors on the wires for directing the warp yarns to opposite sides of the wires, and means on the guides for deflecting the yarn away from the ends of said deflectors.

3. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warpwise pile wires, of guides operatively as sociated with said wires, means for reciprocating warp yarns in the guides and with respect to said wires, opposite extensions on said wires respectiveiy engaging at their extremities the faces of the guides on the opposite sides of the wires, and means on the guides for deflecting the yarn away from the ends of the said extensions.

4. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warpwlse pile wires, of guides operatively associated with said wires, means for reciprocating warp yarns in the guides and with respect to said wires, opposite extensions on said wires respectively engaging at their extremities the faces of the guides on the opposite sides of the wires, and flan es on said guides projecting transversely beyond the faces with which the said wire extensions contact and in positions respectively opposite the points of contact between said extensions and the guides whereby the yarn is deflected outwardly away from the ends of said extensions.

5. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced guides, of a warpwise pile wire extending between said guides, opposite extensions on said wire adapted respectively to contact at their extremities with the guides on opposite sides of the wire, and means for shifting said guides to reverse the points of contact between the said extensions and the guides.

6. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced guides, of a warpwise pile wire extending between said guides, extensions on said wire adapted at their outer ends and respectively to engage the opposite faces of the said guides, and means for relatively moving said wire and said guides whereby the said extensions are respectively brought into engagement with the other of said guides.

7. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced guides, of a warpwise pile wire extending between said guides, extensions on said wire adapted at their outer ends and respectively to engage the opposite faces of the said guides, means for relatively movii f said wire and said guides whereby the said extensions are respectively brought into engagement with the other said guides, and means on said guides operative for both of said positions to deflect a yarn reclprccated between said guides outwardly and away from the extremities of said extensions.

8. In a loom,rthe combination with a pair of spaced guides, of a warpwise pile wire extending between said guides, extensions on said wire adapted at their outer ends and respectively to engage the opposite faces of the said guides, means for relatively moving said wire and said guides whereby the said extensions are respectively brought into engagement with the other of said guides, means on said guides operative for both of said positions to deflect a yarn reciprocated between said guides outwardly and away from the extremities of said extensions, said alternative deflecting means taking the form respectively of recesses in the opposite faces of said guides, and flanges on said guides projecting away from the faces of the guides with which the said extensions contact.

9. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced guides, of a warpwise pile wire extending between said guides, means for reciprocating a warp yarn between said guides and with respect to said wire, means for deflectin the yarn to opposite sides of the wire whereby the warp is wound in successive convolutions on the wire, and means for adjusting said deflecting means whereby continued reciprocation results in an unwinding of said convolutions.

10. In a loom comprising warpwise pile wires,

the combination with means for reciprocating awarp yarn with respect to said wires, of means for guiding said yarn in successive convolutions around said wires, and means for adjusting said guiding means whereby continued reciprocation of the warp yarn results in an unwinding of said convolutions from the wire.

11. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced guides, of a warpwise pile wire extending between said guides, and means for reciprocating a warp yarn between the guides and with respect to said wire, each of said guides having a recess in its inner face and at points respectively on opposite sides of said wire, and each of said guides having projecting beyond its inner face and at points respectively opposite the recess in the other guide a flange, extensions on said pile wire adapted in one relative position of the wire and said guides to occupy with their extremities the said recesses and in another relative position of said Wire and guides to occupy at their extremities positions behind the said flanges, and means for relatively moving the wire and said guides to bring them into the said alternative relative positions.

12. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced support members, of a plurality of parallel spaced guide elements having their ends respectiveiy secured in said supports, warpwise pile wires extending between the adjacent pairs of guide elements, means for reciprocating a warp yarn between said guides and with respect to said wires, cooperating deflecting means on the wires and on the guides whereby said reciprocation of the warps results in winding the warp in successive convolutions around the wires, and means for relatively adjusting said supports to create an adjustment of said deflecting means resulting in a reversal of said winding operation.

13. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warpwise pile wires, of a plurality of guides between adjacent pairs of which the said wires respectively extend, means for reciprocating yarn between said guides, each adjacent pair of guides having oppositely offset sections affording a rel atively wide space between which said yarns extend and within which they are reciprocated, and upper registering sections between which said pile wires extend and between which sections the warp yarn is adapted to be reciprocated with respect to the wires.

14. In a loom, the combination with a lay, of a breast beam constituting a stop limiting the forward or working stroke of said lay, a warpwise pile wire having a recessed section, and means for looping a pile warp around the wire at the recessed section, said beam and wire being relatively adjustable in a direction longitudinally of the wire to vary the position of the inner edge of the beam with respect to the said pile wire recess whereby the said edge of the beam and the recess may be adjusted in or out of registration to thereby regulate the tightness of the loops upon the wire.

RICHARD MARX.

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