US1405151A - Centrifugal ore crusher - Google Patents

Description

G. A'. OVERSTROM.

CENSTRIFUGAL OR'E CRUSHER. APPLICATION FILED Nov. 26.191,5.'

1,405,151, tenwan. 31, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l- Y l ai "Q G. A. OVERSTR-OIV. CENTRIFUGAL OBE CRUSHER. APPLICATION F|L-ED Novn 26, 191s..

Patented Jn. 31, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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G. A. ovERsIIIoII/I. CENTHIFUGAL ORE CRUSHvER- APPLICATION FILED Nov. 2`6.,I9I'8.4 1,405,151, Patented Jan..31, 1922.

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GUSTAVE A. OVERSTROM, OEI", PASADENA, CALIFORNIA.

- CENTRIFUGAL ORE CRUSHER.

Specification of Letters Patent.4 Patentd Jain. 331, 1922.

Application filed November 26, 1918. Serial No. 264,243.

To all whom t may concern: f,

Be it known that I, GUsTAvE A. OVER sTiioM, a citizen of the United States of America, residing atI Pasadena, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful Centrifugal Ore Crusher, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for crushing ore, rock, etc., by causing the material to be crushed to be thrown from an impeller, rotating at high speed, and to strike against a surface at such high velocity as to crush the ore by the force of the impact. It relates more particularly to the type of 'such apparatus wherein the' ore is thrown from the impeller by lateral discharge rather than by top discharge, and the main object of the present invention is to provide for an improved construction of the impeller so that a bed of the ore is re tained within the same to take the wear due to the abrasion of the ore or rock'passing throughl the impeller. y I

Another object of the invention is to provide for convenient and economic removal andy renewal of such parts of the impeller as are subject to -unavoidable wear.

Another object of the invention is to prevent serious damage to the apparatus due lto the sudden breaking off of any large part of the impeller under the action of excessive wear a-t one point.

A further object of the invention is to provide for an improved construction of the die or impact-receiving meansI` whereby its resistance against the abrasiondue to the v impact of the ore is increased, and at the same time it may be conveniently andv economicallyv vrenewed at the points of. greatest wear.

' Other objects and advantages of myx invention will appear hereinafter.

The accompanying drawings illustrate an embodiment of my invention, and referring thereto: i y

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus, theimpeller being shown as empty.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on line 2 2 in Fig. 1, the impellei being'shown as containing-beds of ore as in operation.

Fig. 3 is a sideelevation of the upper portion of the apparatus. I

Fig. 4 is a cross-section of a modified form of the die means for receiving the impact of the ore.

ing,

Fig. 5 is a cross-section of the means for securing the impeller to its spindle. F ig. 6 is a detail view of a portion of the impeller taken on line 6- 6 in Fig. 2, the ore being removed.

Fig. 7 is a detail view of the lower bear- Fig. 8 is a plan view of one of the members thereof.

the impeller. The frame may comprise a` -base 1, and a casing 2 thereon. A-n interior 4 frame member 3 is mounted within the casing 2, for example, by means of arms 4 and web 5, members 2 'and 3 Abeing substantially cylindrical in shape and coaxially mounted, so asA to form. anannular space 6 between the inner member 3 and the outer member 2, and web 5 is inclined downward toward the center of the frame so as to form an inclined chute at the bottom of said space 6, whereby the crushed material is conducted by gravity to a discharge opening 7 in the base 1.

Base 1 is provided with a taper seat 9 for a .bearing support 10, which is tapered to fit'said seat. Said support .10. supports a bearing sleeve 11, which is formed with a .bearing surface 12 for lengaging the spindle 14 for'the impeller, said bearing member 10 being providedwith a ball and socket bearing for sleeve 11. A lower bearing plate 15 engages a member 13 on the lower end of said sleeve, the engaging faces of said plate and sleeve being rounded concentrically with the center of the ball and socket bearing, so that the spindle may gyrate on this center. A driving pulley 19 is mounted on the spindle 14 around the `bearing portion thereof, yso that the lateral stress of the belt running on said of thespindle, and the spindle is therefore pulley is substantially bal-hL anced with respect to the center of support Same 21S free to rock on said support. `Such rocking.'

or gyrating motion of the spindle on its support is resisted and controlled by re-y `silient supporting means consisting, for example, of-spiral springs 20 arranged in an annular series around the spindle and having their inner portionsconnected by bolts 21 to a spider 22 lprovided with a bearing` 24 for the spindle, and said springs having their outer portions connected to a ring 23 secured to the stationary membery 3. The construction of this yieldin support for the spindle may be substantially as shown lower members being connected by vertical bars or members 27, and allof the members 25, 26 and 27 being preferably cast in; one

piece. The lower member 25 is formed as a disk, having its upper face curved upward toward the center, and is secured tothe u 4 per end of spindle 14 by a taper fit and hel)d in position by wedge keys 28 in a recess 28 in saide spindle, said keys 28 extending out vinto keyways 29 in the member 25, said key-4 ways having inclines` 29 for engaging said keys so that centrifugal action in the keys will hold Ythe parts fast. A circular cap 30- covers the top of spindle 14 andthe adjacent portions of the member 25, a lug 31 on the. Kbottom of saidcap resting in a recess 31 in the top of the spindle. The upper mem-A ber 26 of the impeller is formed'as a diskv curved upward toward the `center and having a circular opening 26 at its center ada ted to receive the material to be crushed rom the feeding means Ahereinafter described.

-Annular rabbets are provided at the rims of members25 and 26, and rings 34 and 35 are shrunk onto said members so as to form grooves 32 and 33` outside of the bars 27. l

The impeller is Iprovided with wall portions equally spaced and near the outer rim thereof vso as to vleave ore discharge 'openings 76 between said wall portions for the discharge of the 4ore from the impeller,

'said wall portions comprising the support ing bars 27 aforesaid, supportingplates 36, and verticallyextending strips 38, each of said plates 36 actingjas avsupport for the corresponding series of strips38. The sup-v porting bars 27 are preferablyT-shaped as best shown in Fig. 2, the supporting plates 36 being provided with lips 36engaging said bars 27 to prevent circumferential movement of said plates 36. The supporting? pile'up behindthem under the action of centrifugal force due to the .rapid rotation of the impeller and to form bodies of ore as in'- di'cated at a, thereby providing wearing surfaces composed almost entirely of the ore or 70 rock 'itself` and reducing to aA minimum the wear "upon the parts of the impeller. -The only parts of theA impeller to receive-the abrasive action of the ore in passing through it are the top and bottom faces 39 and 40 75 and the end strip of each series of strips 3,8. Segmental wearing plates 41 and 42 of extraJ hard material aiie provided for the portions of the top and bottom surfaces 39 and 40, which receive the greatest wear and are held 8o in position by being wedged between the lips 36 of members36 and said: surfaces. By forming the sidesof the impeller by means of the plurality of strips. 38, as above described, it is possible to easilyV -renew them as they wear out. .In continued operation of this apparatus the abrasive action'iof the ore on the sides of the impeller is not uniform at all klevels and deepcuts tend to form 'wherelthe wear is greatest. Such a cuthav- 9o ing been oncecformed .allwthe wear tends to follow in that same line and a solid plate Awould soon be cut clear through and break off.. This would not only cause agreat-was'te of the material of which the plate wasmade but the breaking olf of such a large piece of metal would be. liable to cause serious darnage to the machine.' By providing a series of strips of comparatively small size each strip breaks off as it is wor'n through and .100

presents anentirely new Wearing surface to the abrasive action of the ore, causing the wear to be more evenly distributed over that surface and thereby effecting a greatsaving in the material of which'the sides of theim- 105 peller are made and preventing damage'` to the apparatus. Y i t A die or impact receiving member is pro-v vided on top ofthe frame member l2 opposite the impeller and extending some distance below the lower member 25. of the same,l said die member vpreferably compris .ing 'a plurality of annular members ar-,

ranged one above another, each annular member being preferably built up off a plu'- 115 rality of 'sections (or segments 45 ofchilled steel, white iron or othersuitable material. Each of these segments is preferably formed with .teeth ,or projections -46 extending in;

wardly toward thecenter of the machine,a

the spaces between said teeth 46 being partially filled by strips 47 which may be'of softer material, thereby [giving added strength to the teeth without destroying the desired crushing effect of the same.- In or-l der that the material striking the `diexmay 'be effectively arrested by thedie and broken by the impact, it 'is desirable to provide the d ie with teeth or projections, andthe described construction provides for this, and

at the same time supports each tooth of hard material by the soft material. lying back ofy 48, and for convenience in construction and` operation this ring is preferably provided with upper and lower flange rings 49 and 5U, secured to ring`48'as hereinafter described, each of which flange rings is provided with meanslfor engaging the top of the frame member 2 so that the ring may be reversed,

as a whole if desired. For this purpose each of -the flange rings 49 and 50 may be provided with an annular rib 51 adapted to engage in an annular rabbet 52 on the top of frame 2, the construction being such that the entire member, consisting of ring 48 and flange rings 49'and 50, togeth-er'with the segments 45 carried thereby, can be turned around the axis of the machine to shift the point of greatest wear on theI segments 45, as Vmay be found necessary.' This rotative movement of the parts aforesaid may beg effected by a capstan bar inserted in holes 54 in studs 55 on ring 48 or, in the case of a large machine, by the aid of gearing, the

flange rings 49 and 50 being provided in that case with gear teeth 56 and a pinion 57 being mounted onA a shaft 58 journaled in a bearing 59 on the frame member 2 and` provided with anoperating handle 60, said pinion being adapted to engage the gear teeth on the lower flange ring-aforesaid to rotate the said parts. Said handle 6() is preferably mounted on its shaft 58 by a `hinge connection 61 to enable it to be swung to one side or the other, or to hang vertically as shown in'Fig. 1. f

The flange rings 49 and 50 may be formed with annular grooves v49 and 50 to fit the upper and lower edges of ring 48, these'members 49, 48 and 50 being clamped together to form a rigid body, by means of bolts 65 secured by nuts 67. Said rigid body, consisting of members 37, 36 and 38 may be held securely in position on the frame member 2 by eye bolts 68 having eyes engaging studs aforesaid, said bolts extending between lugs 69 on frame member 2 and being secured by nuts 70 on said bolts and engaging said lugs.

Suitable feed means may be provided for the machine, comprising, for example, a hop.-

`per or funnel 7 3 carried by a top member 74 resting on top of the upper annular flange I within a concave 49, the discharge opening 72 of said funnel extending centrally within the centrall opening 26 in the upper member 26 ofthe impeller, so as to conduct the material to vbe crushed, into the impeller below thedischarge lip of said'funne'l.

Any suitable means maybe provided for v oiling the spindle and its bearings. For example: As shown in Fig; 1, the spindle' 14 may be provided with an axial bore 77, extending from its lower end to near the upper end of the spindle and .provided with openings 7 8, through which oil may be discharged to theoutside of the shaft within the upper and lower' bearings therefor, and a screw 79 is provided within this bore for forcing oil upwardly by the rotation of the spindle. An oil well o r reservoir 80 is formed in the frame or casing member 2, suitable means, such as openings 80 closed by' caps 81, being provided within the wall of said casing for supplying such reservoir Awith oil. A duct 82 leads from a portion of such reservoir to a chamber 83 in the base 1 directly underneath the bearing support 10 aforesaid, 'said bearing support being provided with a passage 84 communicating with a passage 85 whichextends through the bottom bearing plate 15 aforesaid, so as to communicate with an opening in the bottom of the spindle. A duct 86 in the side of the bearing support 10 for the lower bearing opens into an an* passa-ge 88 with 'the oil well or reservoir aforesaid. The inner casing`3 is provided with an` annular trough 90 and with an inclined annular apron 91 extending inwardly from the upper edge of said trough, and spindle 14 is provided with an oilshedding collar 92 above said apron so that any oil running down from the upper bearing into said trough will pass through a pipe 93, a sight-'feed device 94 and a pipe 95 to theoil well or reservoir aforesaid.

The lower bearing ,for .spindle 14 is preferably constructed as Shown in Fig. 1, the bearing sleeve 11 having a rounded portion 11 formed as a zone of a. sphere and fitting spherical bearing 97v formed in the supporting member 10, and on a screw sleeve 98 screwed on said support-- vlower bearing plate 15 aforesaid and enclosing a series of superposed disks 99and 100, said disks being alternately convexly andconcavely faced, so as to centralize themselves under4 the pressure of the spindle. A foot or'step member 101, formed as a hollow taper plug, fits in a corresponding' socket .1()2inthe lower end of spindle 14,

and engages by a concave face at its lower end, with the top of the uppermost disk 99, said member 101 having a'vertical passage 103 communicating at its upper end with the bore 77 in the spindle, and at its lower end,

through passages 105 in the disks 99 andl 100, andthrough passage 106 in the bottom member 13 with the opening 85 aforesaid, in the bottom plate 15.' Disks 99 are preferably provided with radial notches 108 for 4facilitating flow of bil from the passages 105 to the bearing faces of said disks.

In the operation of the machine, the spindle 14 is rotated rapidly by power applied to pulley 19, and ore is fed to the impeller through. hopper 73, thev mouthpiece of which delivers the ore or rock Ainto the impeller.

The material suchas ore or rock accumulates against the wall portions 75 of the impeller `to form beds of ore of the sha-pe indicated at a, see Fig. 1, the remainder ofthe mate rial being discharged from the impeller through'the ore discharge openings 75 between said wall portions.` The material thus discharged from the impeller moves tangentially with substantially the full peripheral velocity of the impeller, and strikes the die means 45, so as tov be crushed or broken by impact. The crushed pieces descend by gravity through the space 6 between the inner and outer casings 2 and -3 and are deflected by the inclined web 5 so as to pass through the opening 7 to any vsuitable receiving means'.- It will be understood that the bed or body of material in the impeller is in general being continually worn or carried away and 'continually built up or renewed in the operation of themachine, but its general shape and effect vwill be maintained at all times. The greatest part' of the wear .of the material passing through the impeller will therefore be received by these protective bodies of ore,` the end strip of each series of strips38 being the only part of the walls of the impeller to receiveA an appreciable amount of wear. As heretofore explained, the wear upon the exposed surface of this strip is not evenly distributed at this point. and break ofi', thus causing a great wastegof metal. ,By providing a series of thin strips, however, an entirely new surface is presented to the abrasion of the orel each time one ,of the strips is worn through,

- thus causing. the .wear tol be more evenly distributed andeffecting av material 'saving in the amount of metal used for this purs.

pose. The strips thus worn away may easily replaced by new ones when the wallv 4machine and inserting new strips between the grooves 32 and 33 until the wall is again built up to the desired size.

`When the segmental wearing plates 41 and 42 become Worn so that it is desired to replace them,- it is only necessary to remove strips 38, when said'wearing plates may be easily removed and replaced by new ones. The rings'34 and 35, being shrunk on, may also be easily renewed when worn out.

In general, the material fed to the machine, for example, from an overlying feeder, will tend tofall into a more or less definite part of the impeller, and will consequently be discharged therefrom so as to strike-a more or less definite part of the die. results in excessive wear'atsuch part of the die, and in order to obviate this without the necessity of stopping the machine for re- This placement or shiftingof the die parts, the

diemay be'rotated from time to time, by means of a capstan bar placed in one of the holes `54 in the studs 5.5 on the retaining ring 48 for the'die means, or by operation of gear means 56 by pinion 57 operated by handle 60, said handlelbeing swung about hinge connection 61 to a horizontal position' so as to form a crank forl said pinion. Such rotation of the die members as a whole brings .a differentv portion of the die means into position to receive the greatest wearing action. Eventually the'die means will be worn unevenly at different levels, and this vcondition may be corrected by removing the upper 4clamping member 49 and rearranging the die sections 45, so that sections which have received the greatestwearvwill be replaced by sections which have received the least wear,and vice versa. The die members may alsobe reversedor inverted as a whole,

when desired on account of unequalwear on the upper and\lower parts thereof or .of any of the die sections, both clamp members 49 and v50 being provided with'gear .teeth -56 so as to be interchangeable. Y It will be understood that the resilient bearing support for the upper bearing of the spindle permitsthe spindle yto rotate at'the -required high speed, and to gyrate-as may be required for proper spinning action under varying conditions of load.

, @wing to the high velocity of theimpeller lvand the construction thereof with blades in the mannerdescribed, there is a considerable air pressure developedv at the periphery desirable to seal the machine at the inlet,

122 and oversize is lifted by the elevator 124 outlet' 116 of the Crusher being connected v' .periphery of said vbottom and with lateral openings between such wall portionssaid wall portions extending circumferentially of the impeller and vforming pockets and being thereby adapted to retain a body of material in the impeller in Contact therewith.

2. An impeller for centrifugal Crushers, comprising lateral wall portions each formed with a vertically extending supportand with or out-let, or both. Fig. 9 shows one W'ay of doing this7 the inlet 110 of the Crusher 112, being sealed by connection .to aelosed bin 113, with anore or rock supply means 114 and with means 115 for feeding material from the bin to thecrusher 112; and the to an elevator 117 which lifts the `crushed material to a screen 118. the oversize passing back from the screen to lthe bin '113, and the properly sized material passing out at 119r Or, as shownin F ig. 10, the seal may be provided at the outlet of the Crusher 112 by means of an outletpipe 120 dipping in a body of liquid in a `classifying cone tank 121, from which lines run off through pipe 3. An impeller for centrifugal Crushers, provided' with a lateral wall portion formed with a 'vertically extending support, lower and upper, horizontally extending supports below and above the rst named support, and a plurality of edge members mounted in said lower and upper supports in advance of the vertically extending members, to take the Wear due to passage of material over the forward edge of the wallportion.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 16th day of November GUSTAVE A. OVERSTROBL to the supply pipe or launder 125 for the Crusher, this'form of the invention being especially adapted for wet crushing.

Vhat I claim is: l 1. In a centrifugal Crusher an impeller provided with a disk shaped bottom .and with Wall portions extending upwardly from the an edge member removably mounted thereon.

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