US1226275A - Crushing-machine. - Google Patents

Description

E. B. SYMONS.

CRUSHING MACHINE.

APPLICATION many ocT. 18. |913.

Patented May 15, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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E. B. SYMONS.

cRusHmG MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. IB, 1913.

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APPLICATION FILED 0CT.18. ISIB.

11226375. Patented May15,1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

srnrns PATENT OFFICE.

' EDGAR. B. SYMCNS, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

To all whom it concern:

Be it. known that I, EDGAR B. SYMONS, a

,citizenof the United States, residing at Chicago,i in the county of Cook and State V'of Illinois, have invented ay certain new and useful Improvement in Crushing-Machines,

of` which the following isa specification.

Mr 4invention relatestoimprovements in crus i ng machinery and is illustrated in one formin the accompanying'drawings, where- Figure 14 `is-a` vertical section; p Fig. 2`is a side elevati-on;

Fig. 3 is' a vertical section of the crushing disk means;

FigQfi is adiagiammatic section through the two crushing disks; and

Fig. .5 `1s a lay-out `diagram illustrating` lthe method of computing the areasof the crushing zones.

Like parts are indicated by like letters throughout the several figures.

A is a main frame base. A2 is an outer inclosingl wall substantially circular and extending from the main frame base. VAsis an'i'nner circular wall concentric with the wall and.projecting upwardly from the main frame base A. A1 is an arched drive shaft bearing support forming in fact an in-l :creased 'continuation'ofthe wall -A3 and 4 ing from the outer end of said bearing' bracket to' the interior of said wall A2;

` B iis a bearing sleeve contained within the '2 bearing bracket A11 and having on one end the thrust bearing lange B1. B2 is a bearing sleeve contained within the bearing bracket A7 and having on its opposed end-the thrust bearing B2. B4 is a drive shaft rotatably mounted in the bearing sleeve B2. B5 is a pulley keyed tothe shaft B1. B is a thrust bearing and oil retaining collarrigidly held4 on the shaftB1 by the set screw B1 having two flanges Bs B11, one located inside and the other outside of the bracket wall A2,

Athe flange B being in rotatable Contact with the flange B1. B12 is a pinion keyed to the shaft B1 between the bearings 13,132.. B1o is' a gear keyed to the shaft B* on its inner A6 is a bearing bracket- GBsIIING-MACHINE.

Speci'cation of Letters Patent. Patented May 15, 1917. i 'Application tiled ctovber 18, 1913. SerialNo. 795,840. i

end and having a hub B11in rotatable con- V `tact with the flange B1.

at its lower end. with a bearing plate C11 pinnedl in position for rotationl with the shaft and resting'upon a rfurther bearing plate 4C7 pinned against rotation and mount- 'ed on the bosses C8 in the'main base A.

D is an outer cylindrical shaft or sleeve mounted for rotation upon the sleeve and. resting upon the annular ball bearing D1 and flange C1. This shaftD is provided with a heavy laterallyextending flange D2 projecting outwardly Vfrom its upper end. The flange D2 has downwardly depending about its periphery the collar D3 which carries the gear D1 in mesh with the pinion B11- and is provided with the `annular rings D1, D, concentric with and one inside of and the other outside of the upper wall A2. The flange D2 has on its upper side a flat Vhorizontal bearing surface D2 upon which is slidably mounted a circular wedged plate D2`mounted on a shaft D which engages the eccentric bore in the shaft C1 and pro- A vided with an upwardly convex bearing surface D10 on its upper surface and a fiat bearing surface D11 on its lower side in opposition to the bearing surface D1.V

E is a disk plate having on its lower side an. upwardly concave bearing surface E1 in opposition to the bearing surface D1Von the wedge DS and having about its periphery a spherical bearing surface E2 in opposition ice to a similar spherical bearing surface on the flange D2. E1 is a flatl laterally distended crushing disk mounted on the disk plate E and held in position thereon by a ri-ng E* a holding screw E5. E is a material ring discharge guide resting upon the flange D2 and having an inner extension projecting over the part of the disk plate E which extension is provided with an upwardlyv extended flange E. The dust ring E2 mount-` which ring is in turn held in position by ed on the disk plate E and held between it and the .crushing disk plate E3 overlies and overhands the flanges E7 to serve asaprotection against the entrance of dust into the parts of the machine.

The upper disk supporting plate F carries a curved disk F1 in opposition to the `flat crushing disk This disk F1 is een# trally apertured and provided with an upwardly and outward y turned flange F2 about said aperture. This flange is engaged by a collar Fa on a screw-threaded sleeve F* which sleeve projects downwardly throu b the centrally apertured disk F and is he d down by the yscrew-threaded nut F which nut rests upon the upper surface of the plate- Ff -Theplate F'is'providedabout its pe.- riphery with a cylindrical collar F". This collar has extending from the upper surface located about the periphery of the flange D and outside of the collar D? and beneath the guide ring E". Through these lugs pass the bolts Grs which extend upwardly through the spacing and supporting ring F? and spacing and guard sleeves G and engage the supporting ring Fs and pass through the flanged ring yG4 which overhes the flan e G'5 on the supportilg ring 'F' in such wise that the springs interposed between, the spring ring G4 and the supportingring Fa normally tend to yieldingly compress the supportmg ring against the spacing sleeves G when the nuts GrT on the bolts Ga are manipulated while still leaving the upper 'disk plate` free to lift against the pressure of the springs along the bolts G3. It will be noted that the flange downwardly depending from the.fl anged ring G4 when the parts are in position rests .upon the ring G so as to house the springs G.

A housmg comprising the cylindrical wall.

H and a flat'upper wall H1 com rises the rotary parts of the crushing machlne. This housing is divided into two parts by anannular wall H2 which overlies the guidering G1. The lower or material receiving art consists in anannular chamber surroun ing the discharge aperture between the two crushing disks vbounded on its upper side by the rotating guide ring Gr1 and the fixed guide ring H2 on its outer side by the annular housing wall H, on, its lower side by the flat annular wall H` and the rotating guide plate E, on its inner side by the collar said annular chamber tothe discharge n I is a feed hopper supported H. Inside of thisannular chamber revolve the vanes H mounted on the guide ring E, whosev function is to convey material around chute H.

on a platform and turning into lthe guide' chute I1 discharging into a funnel P Which funnel is suspended by the bolts I3 beneath thespout I1 and projects downwardly into the crush-y 75 ing chamber between the two crushing disks throughthe central aperture into the upper crushing disk. In Fig. 3 I have shown a detail of means for holding the lower crushing disk in posi- .30 tion. These means have been generally described. In detail, however, the 'crushing' disk E3 as indicated, is centrally apertured.

4About the inside of this aperture is an inwardly extending flange K upon which rests 35 the flange ring E. This flange ring is apertured at K1, as indicated, -and in this aperture rests the conical `screw E5 slotted-as at K2. This conical screw is screw-threaded in the plate E. It is hollow havingcentrally .90 disposed therein the square hole Ka in which travels the square hub K* projecting upwardly from the toothed. locking plate K5 which is in opposition to the toothed plate KT which is located in the aperture Ks 'and 95 heldagainst rotation by the pins K". The spring' K10 yieldingly presses these locked plates together when the screw E5.- is screwed downby any suitable means. When in position the conical plug Kl1 protects'the square 100 nut K12 on the screw K1? lwhich engages the hub K. This plug is held in position by the cotter pin K14. When it is desired to remove the central holding `screw it is necessary .to remove the cotter pin to lift out the conical 10e Y plug, screw the supporting screws indicated down to the square hub to lift the upper toothed locking plate against the spring out of engagement with the other whereupon the screw ma be easily withdrawn..

sleeve D* and between the sleeve C and the 120 shaft D to the interior ofthe 'base 1ubricat.

ing these surfaces. Part of this oil may pass between the flange D? and the wedged plate D then returning to the conduit L2 to the interior of the base. `The oil passin through the center of the shaft lubricates t e'upper surface'of the wedged plate andalso returns to the conduit L. The gears are lubricated `by the splash. The same is true of the driv- `ing shaft and ball bearing. This oil pump is 13o -11o Oilin 1s accomplished by the o1l pump L u lwhich, raws oil from the interior of the base, discharges it through the ipe L1 into I spect to the crushing parts and the remainder of the mechanism by the columns M, M which rest upon the base A and are located outside of the housing A2.

Referring to the showing of the crushing disks as made in Fig. 4, it will be noted that there are formed between the disks F1 and E? three crushing zones, namely a zone extending from to y, a first line crushing zone extending from the points y to a and a second fine crushing zone extending from the points z to g. The zone .m to y is a coarse crushing zone wherein the material is held until it is reduced to a size smaller than the maximum opening between the point y and the flat surface of the disk E3. The two lat ter crushin zones it will be noted are but slightly di erent, the surfaces forming them being. but very slightly divergent. They are so disposed that the material which is fed'through them by centrifugal force from between. the disks and across the disk E3, which I prefer to term a feed plate, will not have'time to pass either from the point y to z or from the point a to g between crushing strokes.. Thus every particle as it passes through will always under all circumstances invariably receive a crushing blow during Y its progress through each zone and this must always be the case, because if the rotational speeds rise or fall, the relation between the that the relative travel of the eccentric and of the disk will previously have been fixed, such that the disk will travel through the arc 4b, e, while the eccentric travels throu h the arc b, CZ, e. The result of this will that as the particle moves along the line c, e

i, with `the velocity given it by they travel of the disk, it will shortly b e intercepted by the crushing blow caused by the eccentric at the 4point e. We then draw thecircle b, e, d, about thel center a andthis fixes the outer boundaryof the outer crushing zone, because a particle starting thus at the inner boundary would be bound to be caught as it reached the outer boundary; thus no particle could so be centrifugally forced through this zone, as here shown, without being caught 4and crushed. To fix the inner zone we willassume a particle at y', viz., the intersection of the line 05,4', e, with the circle c, j, h, we then drop the perpendicular j, gto the base line a, b and draw the circle boundary of the inner zone.

The use and operation of myv invention is as follows: v

The machine is driven from any suitable source of power by a belt not shown, applied to the driving` pulley. The two pinions oni the drive shaft rotate respectively the ,crushing head and the eccentric central sleeve, the 95 rotation of the crushing head, containing as it does the two opposed crushing disks, tends to feed the material centrifugally outwardl toward and from between the peripheries of `the ciushing'disks. The rotation of the ec- 10o centric sleeve in a direction opposite to that of the crushing head, causes the shaft down-V wardly projecting from the spherical disk wedge, to gyrate. The relative proportion of 9,41 to fix theinner centrifugal force and the number of crushthe parts is such that a number of gyrations m5 ing strokes will be the saine. Thus if the 40 of this shaft takes place during each revolu- `no particle may be permitted to pass through either of the two outer crushing zones without being caught and crushed, it is necessary that the depth orwidth of the crushing zones be carefully' correlated with respectto the along the line c, e. It Should here be noted i thereto. Itis not necessary always to manu- 130 relative angular velocity `of the ,crushing `disks and the eccentrics which cause the crushing blow to rogressively travel about the peripheries of) said disks and in order that this close correlation may be obtained, I have devised a graphic layout, which gives theA desired result. We will assume a particle to be located along the line a, I) at the point c. We then draw the circle c, j, h, which represents the inner boundary of Vthe outer crushing zone, the particle being projected outwardly by centrifugal force along a tangent to the circle c, j, h, that is to say,

tion of the crushing head. Each of these gyrations causes the lower crushing disk to rock progressively on its central axis. This l, rocking movement travels about the peiiphno eryV of the lower crushing disk somewhat in the manner of a sine wave, causing any given point in the lower crushing disk to alter-v nately approach toward and recede from the upper crushing disk, giving a number of crushing strokes for each revolution.

lVlien the disks recede one from Lthe other, centrifugal force instantly feeds the material outward between them and as they approach this material is crushed and reduced into 12` fine particles. This process continues until thc finely divided material is ultimately. discharged fioin the machine.

It will be noted that the outer edge of the upper disk is substantially fiat, while the outer edge of the lower is very slightly coneshaped so that as thc lower disk rocks its surface may when in contact with the sui'- face of the upper disk be absolutely parallel lill facture the lower disk in the cone shape, as'

experience shows that very soon it wears to that slight cone required. This cone is so slight, of course, that it does not appear on the drawing, but in order that best results may beobtained it must be present'. Thus there is at all times vduring the crushing stroke an area of parallelism`wherein the two crushing surfaces are parallel each 'to the other at the crushing point.- This area of parallelism is of such width that no particle can, under any circumstances be fed through between the disks at such speed as to pass through this area without being' caught and crushed at least once. The re-v sult of this arrangement that no uncrushed particle can 'pass from the machine.

This material which finally issues from between the crushing disks isl discharged by centrifugal force outv into the annular channel or ring surrounding the crushing head and thence is fed or carriedl by the vanes or paddles, carried by the crushing head to the discharge chute.V

Owing to the large number of crushing strokes for each revolution, it is obvious thatI crushing where the two disks or plates are neverquite in Contact, the movement of the upper plate will be but slight, as the tenslon of 'the springs will be so great that the material will normally be reduced before the plates yield against the springs. However, for the finest crushing it is necessary that the crushing disks be in contact when the machine is empty. Under these circumstances, of course, the springs will be'constantly operated to permit the upper disk to play and leave room for-the material to be' crushed between the two disks, and this movement of theA upper crushingdisk permitted by the springs `will be greater depending upon the amount of material fed through the machine. For very fine crushing and large ca acity it will frequently be desirable to 'cho e-feed lthe mill, and, of course, when this is done, the two disks may be separated by a considerable film of material in various stages of reduction. The springs, of course, must give to permit the, two disks to separate to take care of this difficulty. The coarse thread engagement between the annular supporting ring and imams the' cylindrical collar is provided tofpermit convenient and'e'asy adjustment of the dis' tance between the crushing disks, thus providing for varying of the size of the output. Thecentral feed into the inner cavity, between`the crushing disks, and the fact that the feed from then on is'in a horizontal plane, provides foran even distribution of material about the entire periphery ofthe crushing disk during the, crushing operation. The lower crushing disk is held on its su porting plate in any suitable manner as in icated', the centrally holding nut being provided with a slidably mounted tooth jaw clutchl member .held against rotation inthe screw and iny engagement with 'a similar member held against rotation in the disk. AV

yielding spring as indicated forces these two members together. A small cap screw provided, may be used to draw the clutchl i ]aw upward' against the springpressure to releasethe'two parts. The conical cap centrally located in the holding screw', covers this small cap screw to protect it.

The oiling devicejconsists, in the hollow supporting base which is at all times completely filled with' oil. The oil is drawn fromthis base by a *pumpV as shown and v forced into the chamber located immediately below the end of the supporting shaft.'

Thence it passes, upvinto the interior ofthe shaft between itand 'the shaft, lubricating all the parts as indicated, some -of it passing f lup as far as the gyrating wedge disk and finally passing down andv returning to--the ase. It will be noted that by 'this arrangement the oilI never gets out .of the oiling zone and no 'oiledvpalts or lubricated yparts Var'ever exposed to the dust andv dirt of the crushing Under ordinary circumstances when a i granular product is desired, the distance-between the two'crushing disks will be such that they do not quite meet', and the measure of the product is in my machinel the measure .l

of the distance between the crushing' disks at the time thatncrushing takes place, for no particle can-get out of the machine until it has been reduced 'fto or below that size.

to neness of product is the extent of thez opening when' crushing is not taking place.

In case it is desired to produce a fine powder, it is only necessaryto set the disks so` that they touch and this will, of course,

bring the springs slightly into play when the articles are banked up soas to preventtouching of the disks. In any event, the product will be a fine powder produced by the progressive crushing of. the particles.

i sition.

I have illustrated on a large scale a more.

' has been reduced to such a size that it vvill pass from between the two crushing disks as they open up or separate, and thatis the law of a sharply inclined disk crushing machine, but from then on as the material passes into the fine crushing zone it is no longer arrested by the disks as they separate but only arrested by the disks as they u approach to crush, and this material which is fed from between a central coarse crushing zone travels outwardly into the fine crushing zone and is projected tangentiallyv across this zone by centrifugal force, being vstopped only When the disks approach to crush. Thus all particles are arrested unless they are so small that they can pass between the crushing disks when in the crushing po- Experience shows that when it is desired to reduce from comparatively large bouldeis down to a fine vgranular product or even a powder, it is much more satisfactory todo it first by the coarse crushing zone in the center and then by two or three progressively narrowing fine crushing zones about the periphery.

.I claim: v

1. A crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one `to the other and rotating in unison, the effective crushing surfaces of said disks heilig parallel along a radial line and means for changing the relative positions of the` axes of said disks during rotation to move said radial line.

2. A crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotatingl in unison, the effective crushing surfaces of said disks being parallel along a radial line and means for constantly gyrating the axis of one of said disksabout the axis of the other to give said radial line a uniform uninterrupted movement about a fixed center.

3. A crushing machine comprising a air of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison, the effective crushing surfaces of said disks being parallel only along a constantly progressing radial line.

4. `A crushing machine comprising apair of. opposed rotating` crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison, the

gressing radial line and means for rat- `ing the axis of one of said disks about the axis of -thefother during rotationv of the disks to move the position of said radial line, o f parallelism. i 6. A crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison, the effective crushing surfaces of said disks being normally inclined each tothe other but being parallel along asingle constantly progressing radial line and means for rating the axisof one of said disks about the axis ofA the other during rotation of the disks to move the position of said radial line of parallelism. l

7. A crushing machine comprising a` pair of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one `to the other and rotating in unison, the

`effective crushing surfaces of said disks being parallel at one point only and means" for constantly moving said point of parallelism about the peripheries of the crushing disks. 8. A crushing machine comprising a pair 4 of `opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison, the effective crushing surfaces of'said disks being -parallel at one point only and means for constantly moving said point of parallelism about the peripheries ofthe crush 105x ing disks in a direction opposite to the di- 'rection of the rotation of the disks.

' one to the other and rotating in unison and containing between the opposed surfaces thereof a plurality of annular sepa.- rate crushing zones. y

11. A crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed rotating crushing disksinclined one to the other and rotating in unison and containing between the opposed surfaces thereof a plurality of angular separate crushing zones, the opposed 'crushing sur- 13g v thereof.

12. A crushing machine comprising a pair` faces of one of said'zones being always in parallelism at one of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other yand rotating in unison and containing between the opposed surfaces thereof a plurality of annular separate' 'one to the other and rotating in' unison and containing between the opposed surfaces thereof a plurality of annular separateA crushing zones, the opposed crushing surfaces of one of said zones being always in parallelism at one point in the periphery i thereof and means for progressively moving said point of parallelism about the periphery thereof in a direction opposed to the direction of the rotation of the disks.

14. A crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison and containing between the 4opposed surfaces thereof a plurality of annular separate crushing zones,` the opposed crushing surfaces of one of said zones being always in parallelism at one point in the periphery thereof and means for progressively moving said point of parallelism about the pei-'iphery thereof, at an angular velocity greater than the angular velocity of the disks.

v15. A crushing machine comprising apair of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison and containing between the opposed surfaces thereof a plurality of annular separate crushing zones, the opposed crushing surfaces of one of said zones being always in parallelism at one point in the periphery thereof and means for progressively moving said point of parallelism about the periphery thereof in a direction opposed to the direction ofthe rotation of the disks at an angular velocity greater thanV the angular velocity of the disks.

16. A crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed -rotating crushing disks inclined one to the otherA and rotating iii unison, a plurality of separate crushing zones between said crushing disks and angles formed between tlie opposedpsurfaces iii each of said zones being greater in the inner than in the outer zones.

17. A crushing machine comprising a pair l of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison, a plurality of separate crushing zones between said crushing disks and angles formed bepoint in the periphery i tween the lopposed surfaces in each of said zones being greater in the inner than in the outer zones, the opposed surfaces forming the outermost crushing zone being at the point of approach substantially parallel.

18. A crushing machine comprising a pair vof opposed rotating crushing disks inclined /one to the other and rotating in unison, a

plurality of separate crushing zones between said crushing disks and angles formed between the opposed surfaces in each of said zones being greater in the inner` than in the outer zones and means for gyrating the axis of rotation of one of said disks about theV axis ofrotation of the other to give the point of approach of the two disks an angular travel.

19. A crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison, a plurality of separate crushing zones between said crushing disks and angles formed between the opposedl surfacesin each of said zones being greater in the inner than in the tween tlie opposed surfaces in each of said zones being greater in the inner than in the outer zones and rmeans for .gyrating the axis of rotation of one of said disks about the axis of rotation of the other to give the point of approach of the two disks an angular travel in a direction opposed to the afi-4 gular travel of the two disks.

21. A crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating iii unison, a plurality of separate crushing zones between said crushing disks and angles formed between the opposed surfaces in each of said zones being greater in the inner than in the outer zones, the opposed surfaces forming the outermost crushing zone being at the point of approach substantially parallel and means for gyrating the axis of rotation of one of said disks about the axis of rotation of the other to give the point of approach of the two disks an angular travel in a direction opposed to. the angular travel of the two disks.

22. A crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed rotating crushin disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison, a plurality of separate crushing zones between said crushing disks and angles formed between Vthe opposed surfaces in each of-said zones being greater in the inner than in the outer zones and meansfor gyrateach of said zones being greater in the inner than in the outer zones, the opposed surfaces forming the outermost crushing zone bein at the point of approach substantially para lel and means for gyrating the axis of rotation of one of said disks about the axis ofrotation ofthe other to give the point of approach of the two disks an angular travel at a greater angular velocity than the angular velocity of the two disks.

24. A crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison, a plurality of separate crushing zones between said crushing disks and angles formed between the opposed surfaces in each of said zones being greater in the inner than in the outer zones and means for gyrating the axis of rotation of one of said disks about the axis of rotation of the other tov give the point of approach of the two disks an angular travel in a direction opposed to the angular travel of the two dlsks at a greater angular velocity than 'the angular velocit of the two disks.

25. crushing machine comprising a pair of opposed rotating crushing disks inclined one to the other and rotating in unison, a plurality of-sepa-rate crushing zones between said cmisring disks and angles formed between the opposed surfaces in each of said zones being greater in the inner than in the outer zones, the opposed surfaces forming the outermost crushing zone being at the point of approach substantially parallel and means for gyrating the axis of rotation of one of said disks about the axis of rotation of the other to give the point of approach of the two disks `an angular travel in a direction opposed to the angular ltravel of the two disks at a greater angular velocity than the angular velocity of the two disks.

26. A crushing machine having a plurality of crushing zones arranged 1n series and means for positively feeding material through them.

27. A crushing machine having a plurality of crushing zones arranged in series and means for obtaining a plurality of reductions in one of them and a single reduction in another.

28. A crushing machine having a plurality of crushing zones arranged in series and means for obtaining a plurality of reductions in one of them and a single reduction in another and means for feeding material positively through them. l 1 29. A crushmg machine having a plurality of crushin zones arranged in series and means foro taining a plurality of reductionsin one of them and a single reduction in another and means for feeding material positively from the zone 'where the single reduction takes place to and through the zone where a plurality of reductions take place.

30. A crushing machine having a plurality of crushing zones and means for holding the material in one of said zones until mined size.

31. A crushing machine having a plurality of crushing zones and means for holding the material in one of said zones until it has been reduced to a certain predetermined size and for subsequently feeding to the next zone.

432. A. crushing machine having a .plurality of crushing zones and means for holdingthe material in one of said zones yuntil it has been reduced to a certain predetermined size and means for feeding it freely to and through the next zone.

33. A crushing machine having a plurality of crushing zones and means for holding the material in one of said zones until it has been reduced to a certain predetermined size and means for feeding it freely to and through the next zone and means for simultaneously arresting and crushing the 'material as it passes through said latter zone.

34. A crushing machine comprising two opposed crushing members forming between them a cavity having feed and discharge openings, means for conveying material away from the feed opening and toward the discharge opening at a predetermined rate of travel; and means for contracting said crushing cavity periodically to arrest the free travel of said material when samel has moved predetermined distances. y l' 35. A crushing machine comprising two opposed crushing members forming between them a cavity containing primary and sectondarv crushing zones: means for feeding material successively through said secondary zones at a predetermined rate of travel; and means for contracting each zone atv predetermined intervals to arrest and crush the material therein.

3G. A crushing machine. comprising two opposed crushing members formlng between them a cavity having feed and discharge openings, said cavity comprising a primary i crushing zone adjacent to said feed opening when expanded; and means for contracting said secondary zone to interrupt said free passage therethrough of mater1al by compression of same.

37. A crushing machine comprising two opposed rotating disks forming between them a crushing cavity, one of said disks constituting a feed plate for conveying material through said cavity at a predetermined rate of travel; means `for oscillating one of said disks to contract said cavity at intervals timed with reference to `travel of said mate- ,rial through said cavity whereby said material may be arrested and crushed when ithas moved predetermined i distances.

38. A crushing machine comprising two disks forming between them a cavity having feed and discharge openings,- said cavity comprising a primary zone adjacent to the feed opemng and surroundedby secondary zones; means for expanding said secondar zones to'allow the free travel therethroug of all material discharged from saidI primary zone 5 means for feeding material from said primary zone in continuous travel at predetermined rate Vinto and through said secondary zones; and means for contracting successively each portion of said secondary zones at intervals timed with reference to said predetermined rate of travel of material.

39. A crushing machine com rising two opposed crushing disks, one o said disks constituting a feed plate adapted to convey materialto be crushed in continuous travel between said disks and at a predetermined rate; meansforimparting to one of said disks a closing movement periodically to interrupt the free travel of sald material and to crush said material at predetermined points on its line of travel.

40. A crushing machine comprising two opposed crushing members, one of which is adapted to approach and recede from the other, said members inclosin'g between them a cavit allowing in a substantial proportion thereo the free travel of materiaktherethrough except when said cavity is contracted by the crushing movementgiven one of said members. l

4:1. Arrnshing machine comprising two opposed crushing members forming between them a cavit having feed and discharge openings;` vcavity contalnln g av primary zone adjacent to said feed opening and a serles of secondary zones; means for expanding said secondary zones to allow free Atravel of material there-through; means for conveying material from the feed opening toward the exit opening at a predetermined rate of travel; and -means for contracting said secondary zones successively in each part'thereoi to arrest and crush said material in each secondary zone.

42. A crushing machine comprising two opposed crushing members formlng between them a cavity having feed and discharge openings, containing a primary crushing zone adjacent to the feed opening and a series of secondary zones; means for dischargin the material from said primary zone and for feeding same through said secondary zones at a predetermined rate of.

travel; means for expanding said secondary zones to permit the free travel there-through of material discharged from said primary zone.; and meansfor contracting said secondary zones at predetermined intervals to arrest and crush said material in each secondary zone. y

4,3. A crushing machine comprising two opposed crushing members formm between them a cavity containing a central y located coarse-crushmg zone surrounded by aseries of iine crushing zones; means for feeding the material from said coarse crushing zone into and through said fine crushing zones;

means for expanding said lIine crushing zones to allow the free travel there-through y of all material dischargedfrom said coarse crushing zone; and means forcontracting said fine crushing zones to arrest and' crush in each lino crushing zone the material passing there-through.

44. A crushing machine comprising two opposed crushing members forming between ythem a crushin cavit means for o enin or expanding successively portions of said cavity to allow the free travelv of material there-through; means for feeding in continuous travel through expanded portions of said cavit material'to be crushed; means for arresting said free travel of said material by compression thereof at predetermined intervals.

\- 45. A crushing machine comprising two'V opposed crushing members formlng between them a crushing cavity containing a series of crushing-zones; means for feeding the material in unrestricted travel through some rial by compression thereof in each of said zones. j

46. A crushing machine comprising two opposed disks orming between them a 12o` of said zones, and for arresting said matecrushing cavity containing crushing zones; y

said disks rotating in unison and one of said disks constituting a whirling. feed plate -adjacent z'one; means for expanding said zones; means for feeding successively through each zone material to be crushed; and means for-contracting each fine crushing zone to crush material passing therethrough.

48. A crushing machine comprising two opposed crushing members forming between them a cavity containing crushing zones through which all material to be crushed therein may pass 'freely when said zones are expanded, combined with means for oscillating one of said members to expand andicontract said zones.

49. A crushing machine containing a crushing cavity and comprising means for passingmaterial along in said cavity at an approximately predetermined rate of travel,- combined with means -for .arresting said material by vcompression thereof at intervals timed with reference to its rate of travel, thereby allowingF material to move distances, approximately predetermined, be tween compressions.

50. A crushing machine having a plurality of crushing zones arranged in series, means for positively feeding material through them .and means for positively crushing the material at least -once during its passage through each of said zones.

51. A crushing machine having a. plurality of crushing disks inclined one to the other, a crushing zone interposed between said disks, means for positively and freely feeding material through said zones and means for crushin it at least onceduring its passage throng said zones.

52. A crushing machine comprising a plurality of rotating crushing disks, a plurality of crushing zones arranged in series between them and means for `positively feeding material through lsaid zones.

`5,3. A crushing machine comprising a plurality of rotating crushing disks, a plurality of crushing zones arranged 1n series between them and means f or positlvely feeding material through said zones andmeans for crushing the material at least once during its passage through each of said zones.

54; In a `crushing machine a rotating disk and means for rotatin it and a support for the disk and means 01' giving it a gyratory movement separate from the disk.

In a crushing machine a rotating disk and means for rotating it and a support for the disk and means for giving it al gyratory movement separate from the disk, said means comprising an eccentricbearing and a connection between it and the support. Y

56. In a crushing machine a rotating disk and means for rotating it and a supportV for the disk and means for giving it a gyratory movement separate from the disk, said means comprising an eccentric bearing and a connection between it and the support and means for rotating said bearing.

57. In a crushing machine a hollow shaft', a flange projecting therefrom, a pair of opposed rotating crushing disks supported one of Vthem rigidly upon said shaft, a support for the other one slidable upon said flange.

58. In a crushing machine a hollow shaft, a flange projecting therefrom, a pair of opposed rotating crushing disks supported one of them rigidlyupon said shaft, Aa support for the other one slidable upon said flange, said support being Afree to 'slide upon said flange.

59. In a crushing machine a hollow shaft,

a flange projecting therefrom, a pair of Opf 4posed rotating crushing disks supported one of them rigidly upon said shaft, a support for the other one slidable upon said flange and means for giving said support a gyratory movement upon said flange.

60. In a crushing machine a fixed bearing sleeve, two shafts one of them hollow and bearing upon the outside of said sleeve, the

other bearing'on the inside of said sleeve, crushing disks mounted on said shafts and means foroperating said shafts to cause said disks to alternately approach towardV and recede from one another.

61. Ina crushing machine a fixed bearing sleeve, two shafts one of them hollow and bearing upon the outside of said sleeve, the

other bearing on the inside of said sleeve.

crushing ldisks mounted on said shafts and means for operating said shafts to cause said disks to alternately approach toward vand recede from one another and means for rotating said shafts to cause said disks to e progressively approach toward .and recede from one another and to cause a discharge of material from between the disks by centrifugal force.

62. In a crushing machinefa .fixed bearing sleeve,4 a hollow shaft surroundin and guided by said sleeve, a crushing dis sup#v ported on said hollow shaft, a crushing disk interposed between the hollow shaft and the disk which is mounted on it and means containedwithin said 'LXed bling Sleeve ffm.

ad'rusj.- v g machine afixed bearing shaft surroundin and eve, acrushing di supow'pshaft, a crushing disk .the hollowA shaft and the ons'tantly progressing u v 64.-' In rufshing machinea crushing disk,

iloat gsup outing-dis therefor, a porment f a; Sp

2obounding? peri floating plate bounded by a spherical surface concentric with and in engagement .iwith theboundijng surface of the wall, a ,lenticularftilting member having asurface in slid ble engagement withthe surface of inentrwith'the back side of the vfloating plate, vthe 'back lside of the loatingplate being L unded 'by a spherical surface concentnc th thefspherlcal surface of' the .tlltlng A' icrushingiisk for crushing mem- 'andthev like .having a flat annular outer 40.

,nlariniiercrusliingfsurface. 6 disk-lfforcrushing mem- @li e' having' ila-tfannular outer 111gA sm'iacef andV -curvedffdis'h-sha ed inner 'crushingfsurfaca said sk elitgrallyrapertured. In `,a.`c rushin` 3"' machine a crushing 'omprising a fange and annular' ring ported; onv said''lange, f a crushmg d is carried `byfsaid annular ring and yieldlng ,means for `nessing said rannular ring toward said ange.

69. In a A"crushin machine a crushing lheadvcomprising a ange and annular ring 56 supported on said flange, a. crushing disk dis'kaward and from side-"of wh h'vforms the selg-l tl v'e Aand a spherical surface in engagelashing surface and a curved ,disk-shaped carried by said annular ring and adjustable yielding means for pressing said annular ring toward said llange.

70. In a crushing machine a crushing head comprising a flange and annular ring Asupported on said flange, a crushing dis carried by said annular ring and yielding means for pressing said annular rin ward said flange, said crushing means eing ad'jus'tably mounted in said annular ring.

71. In a crushin head comprising a ange and annular ring supported on said flange, a crushing disk machine a crushing carried by said annular ring and adjustable yielding means for pressing said annular ring toward said flange, said erushingmeans b eing adjustably mounted in said annular ring.

72. In a crushing machine a cylindrical. housing open at the top, a shaft rotatably mounted in said housing, a flange carried by the shaft perpendicular to the axis of the housing, a wall projecting downwardly from. from the flange-concentric with the housing to close the space between the ilange and the housing.

7,3.. In a crushing machine a cylindrical housing open at the top, ashaftrotatably mounted in said housing', a flange carried by' the shaft perpendicular tothe axis of the housing, a wall projecting downwardly from the flange concentric with the. housing to close the space between the [lange andthe housing, said wall be curved at its bottom and extending downward both within and vwithout the wall of the housing to complete the closure.

74. A crushing machine having two rotating, crushing disks inclined one to the other, 'f

means for causing said disks to approach to and lrecede from one another along a substantially radial line, the angular movement of such line being such that it makes a complete revolution in less time than it takes a particle to pass through the crushing zone formed between the crushing surfaces under the influence of centrifugal force.

-In testimony whereof, I aiix my si ature in the presence of two witnesses th1s`14th dayof October, 1913.

EDGAR B. SYMONS.

Witnesses: f

LAUREL M.DonnMUs,

MINNIE LINDENAU.

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