US2148682A - Crusher - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 28, 1939. H F. CAMPBELL 2,148,682

CRUSHER Filed Sept. 15, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 M a w ATTORNEYS Feb. 28, 1939. V P E 2,148,682

CRUSHER Filed Sept. 13, 1955 2 heet 2 INVENTOR ATTORN EYS Patented Feb. 1939 u su'reo STATES PATENT orrlciz onusm Herbert "1 Campbell, Philadelphia, r empito Pennsylvania. Crusher Company,

Philadelphia, 2a., a corporation of New York I Application September 1a, 1935, Serial No. 40,308

mm. (or. 83-10) This invention relates to crushingequipment, and more particularly to machines adapted to crush such material as ore or. stone.

The principal object of this invention is to.

provide relatively inexpensive crushing apparatus which is economical in operation and which produces a highly uniform crushed product,

The above objects are attained according to this invention by the provision of a crusher of the so-called cone gyratory type wherein a crushing member or head is caused to gyrate within a surrounding wall, and the material is crushed -in atapering cavity between the head and the the. crushing member with respect to the surfaces between which the'material is crushed and the direction in which the material is fed through. More particularly, the crushing memher is caused to deliver a crushingimpact in the direction of. the surrounding wall with a component in the feeding direction of the material. When the crushingmember is'retracted from a crushing position, it is given a component of motion in the direction opposite the feeding direction of the material.

The material to be crushed is fed into the crushing cavity from a position above the crushing head and it slips along the outwardly and downwardly flaring wall of the head until it receives a crushing impact against the surrounding wall by the gyration of the head. The downwardcomponent of this impact tends to push and roll the crushed material further along its pathof feed. Then when the crushinghead is retracted from a crushing impact the crushed material resumes" its downward slide between the walls of the -crushing cavity. This crushing and sliding of the material is repeated until the crushed material completes its journey between the cavity walls and drops to a pit or receptacle below. V

A feature of the invention resides in a novel arrangement for supporting the crushingead on a rotating eccentric for creating the pecu ar gyrating motion. 7

The invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of a specific embodiment and the accompanying drawings, of which: 4

Fig.1 illustratesa front elevation, mostly in section, of a crushing machine embodying thisinvention:

Fig. 2 illustrates a top view of the machine partially broken away;' and Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the same machine,

The machine is constructed on a frame l0, the

outline of-which is generally cylindrical in form.

The frame will ordinarily be made of a tough metal and provided with webs at appropriate places, as shown in Fig. 1, to provide strength 10 and rigidity. Centrally located within the frame andrigidlyrsupported by radial webbing is a of a vertical shaft l2. .7 An eccentric sleeve l3 having inner bearing surfaces ll and I5 and outer bearing surfaces l6 and I1, preferably of Babbitt metal, is molmted on the shaft l2. The I use of double bearing surfaces on each circumference of the eccentrlcpermits the use of greater total bearing surface than if single cylindrical bearing surfaces were used,.because for any given size'of crushing head (described hereinafter) the lower one of each double bearing may have a greater diameter than the upper one. The eccensleeve llinto which is force-fitted the lower end tric sleeve I3 is supported above the'frame sleeve II by a .roller step bearing l8, comprising? rollers, I 9 and roller guides 20 and 2|.

, Mounted on the outer bearings I6 and ll of the eccentric is a crushing head 22, apprcxi-" mately conical in shape. The head is supported vertically on a roller step bearing 23 which is supported by a collar 24 rested on a supporting ledge of the' eccentric sleeve. The head is strengthened by a number of vertical radial webs 25. A jacket 26, providing .the crushing surface,

or wall, of the head, is placed snugly over the head 22 and firmly fastened by a nut 21 threaded on a stud 28 which projects from the head member 22 upward through a hole in the jacket. The diameter at the lower end, or skirt, of the head, including the jacket, may conveniently be aboutfio inches.

Overhanging and surrounding the crushing head isa heavy mantle 29'su'pported by a solid ring 30 which isprovided with a flange 3i having an annular recess 32 which registers with,

33 of a flange 34 integral with the frame I0.

and. is supported by, an annular protuberance R The band 30 is clamped down to,the flange 34 by a number of studs 35 (Figs. 2 and 3) extending through theflanges 3i and 34 at intervals. These studs are fastened below the flange 34 in a manner which will be described hereinafter. The outer circumferential wall 36 of the mantle is in the form oi a cylinder which fits within the band 30. The inner wall 31 of the mantle is in the form of a frustrum of a cone of which the apex is at the top. A horizontal wall 4| joins walls 36 and 31 at the top. An inner jacket 38 is tightly fitted within the conical wall 31 and securely held by anysuitable means such as screws (not shown).

Means is provided for adjusting the height of themantle relative to the frame and to the crushing head 22. This means comprises a number of vertical studs 39 the lower ends of which are tightly threaded into tapped holes 40 provided at spaced intervals around. the flange 3|. Directly over each of the tapped holes 49 and integral with the walls 36 and 4! are a number of horizontally bifurcated lugs 42 provided with holes through which the upper ends of the studs 39 easily slide. These lugs are reinforced by means of radial webs 89. A regulatingnut 43 is threaded on each stud between the bifurcated portions of the associated lug 42 for the purpose of regulating the vertical position of the mantle. For convenience in making the adjustment each of the nuts 43 is provided with sprocket teeth 44 which engage with a suitable endless sprocket chain 45. Movement of this chain turns all the regulating nuts 43 simultaneously in the same direction, thereby uniformly raising or lowering the entire periphery of the mantle.

To facilitate this adjustment the solid band 30 is provided, at its inner periphery adjacent the mantle walls 36, with a series of wedge shaped pockets 13 formed within pocket housings 14, spaced around the circumference of the band.

- Each of these pockets contains a wedge 15 positioned between the walls of the pocket and the 'mantle wall 36. A bolt 16, positioned by its outer head 11 and by a thrust collar l8 within the again.

; drive shaft 52. The. drive shaft and pinion are carried by a housing member 53 having a webbed A funnel-shaped feed hopper 46, into which is fed the material to be crushed, is fastened to the upper rim of the mantle by bolts 41.

For the purpose of gyrating the crushing head there is fastened to a lower flange 48'of the eccentric I3, by bolts 49, a bevel ring gear 50 adapted to be driven by a bevel pinion 5| fastened to a flange 54 at the inner end and a straight flange 55 at the outer end. The housing 53 is held within a larger housing 56 integral with the main frame I 0 by forcing the flange 54 within a re stricted portion of housing 56 and bolting flange 55 to a corresponding flange 51 by bolts 58.

The drive shaft 52 is mounted in the housing 53 by a roller bearing 59 near the inner end, and a ball thrust bearing 60 near the outer end. The outer portion of the roller casing of bearing 59 is driven within the end of housing 53 and the inner portion of the casing is forced onto the shaft 52. The ball raceof bearing 69 is held in place by a cover plate 6i having a cylindrical portion 62 M which holds the outer part of the ball race in a recess in the housing, and by lock nuts 63 which lock the inner part of the b l race in position.

The cover plate BI is provided with a central hole to permit the shaft to pass through, and is fastened over the open end of housing 53 by bolts 64.

This arrangement of the drive shaft housing keeps dust and grit away from the pinion and drive shaft bearing, and also permits the entire drive shaft assembly to be removed for repairs or inspection.

To aid in keeping dust away from the bearings and gears there is fastened to the under part of In operation, the drive shaft 52 is rotated by an external source of power (not shown), thereby causing the eccentric l3 to rotate on shaftl2. The rotation of the eccentric causes the crushing head 22 to gyrate; and the axis of the gyration isa point 0 (Fig. l) which is below the crushing head and is at the intersection of the longitudinal axes of the shaft l2 and of the eccentric sleeve l3. In Fig. 1, line a is the center line, or axis, of shaft I2 and of the inner eccentric bearing; and line b is the axis of the outer eccentric bearing, and of the crushing head, in the position shown, wherein the head is nearest to the right hand side of the mantle. When the eccentric is rotated 180 degrees from the position shown in Fig. 1, however, the gyration causes the crushing head to assume the position indicated by the broken line 65, in which position the head is nearest the left side of the mantle. The axis of the head and of the eccentric in this latter position is indicated by the broken line 0. It is evident that for each rotation of the eccentric the point of closest proxat the upper portion thereof, but at the lower 20 o to 30% of the surface thisangle decreases. This shape provides a very gradual downward taper of the crushing cavity walls; and the spacing between the balls of the crushing cavity for some distance from the lower end is substantially uniform. This distance of substantially parallel spacing at the bottom is preferably 20 to '30 per cent of the cavity depth; and parallel walls in this region cause the total cross section area to increase toward the bottom. In any event it is desirable that the total cross section area shall not decrease toward the bottom.-

Let us consider, for the moment, the movement of the portion of the head adjacent some one part of the inner mantle wall, for example, that por-' tion of the head adjacent the portion 61 of the mantle wall which is shown at the extreme right in Fig 1. when the head is in the position indicated by the broken line 65 it is in its most retracted position, and is somewhat raised, with reference to the mantle wall portion 61. Then while the eccentric rotates 180 degrees the head approaches the wall portion 67 with a downward component of motion until it reaches the position shown in full lines, at which it is in closest proximity to the wall portion 81. 'Then,

when the eccentric continues to rotate through another 180 degrees the head isretracted from wall portion 8'! with an upward component of motion until the head returnsagain to the position shown bythe broken line 85. The action just described takes place successively with reference to succeeding portions of the inner, mantle wall,

- throughout its 360 degrees periphery.

masses by the impact created when these lumps The material tobe crushed is fed into the hopper 48, from where it drops onto the crushing head and starts 'to slide down the outwardly slanting wall thereof. After the material has slid-down a short distancefthe larger lumps or masses of the material are crushed into smaller are caught between the crushing head wall and the inner wall of the mantle jacket, as the head approaches a portion of the mantle wall.

When the head retracts after having delivered the impact, the material continues to slip down and spread out on the flaring wall of the head along a course bounded by the adjacent head and mantle walls, until another impact is delivered by the head. After each succeeding impact the crushed material becomes smaller and slides .along and spreadsout into an area of the tapered cavity 66 having a smaller spacing between its walls.

- The flnal size of the crushed product is determined by the spacing between the walls at the lower end of the crushing cavity at 68, when the head is in its position closest to the mantle. The substantially uniformspacing between the walls of the crushing cavity at and near 68 facilitates theejection of the crushed material and tends to- "xprevent clogging. Th'e ejected material drops the sliding material. This lifting effect is more 0 pronounced the more gradual. the slope of the head wall, and tends to prevent clogging by slowing down the rate of sliding in the upper region of the crushing cavity.

The downward component of the head in delivering the impact tends to crushthe material so that the shape of the different crushed masses is more uniform. Such a crushing action accounts for the greater uniformity of the product of this machine relative to that of many prior crushing machines which deliver too sharp an impact or tend to roll the material upward away from the discharge.

Wherever the-cone is gripping the material against the mantle or anvil it is at the same time moving its surface down in the direction of the outlet of discharge. As the cone recedes from the crushing action,'its surface is moved progressively upward away from the outlet and preferably the relations are maintained such that while the material may move downward "out of contact with the anvil during this retractive' g movement of the cone, the pieces of material will remain close to the cone surface and will slip or tumble downward thereon to new positions for crushing againstother lower points of the anvil.

This gives a continuous downward feed of the material during both the crushing and the relief periods and there is no counter movement upward of the material at any part of the operation. Since the crushing head is not required to exert alifting force on the material there is Ell obtained a corresponding economy in requiredhorsepower.

The location of the gyratqry center 0 below the. base of the cone gives -a larger crushing movement to the surfaces which are further separa ed and are receiving the largest pieces of material. Consequently, the largest crushing forces are brought to bear on the larger pieces of material, and the relative component of move-' ment between the cone and the anvilin the direction normal to the'anvil surface becomes progressively less as the pieces of material decrease in size. 4 From the foregoing, it is apparent that one imsatisfactory.

The sizeof the crushed product can be regulated by raising or lowering the mantle by means of the sprocket nuts 43, thereby increasing or decreasing the cross section of the crushing cavity.

To take care of uncrushable material, such as iron, which might find its way into the crushing cavity there is provided means for permitting the mantle to be lifted when the crushing head strikes such material. This means is the arrangement for fastening bolts 35 under flange 34. The fastening arrangement comprises triangular prisms l9 and 89, (cut oil somewhat at the lower edges) having a right angle, and a frustrum of a triangular prism 8|. The prism 81. is centrally tapped to receive the bolt 35, as shown. The prisms!!! and are positioned so that one side of each lies against the under surface of flange 34 and the hypotenuses register with the equal surfaces 82 and 83 respectively of prism 8|. The prisms 19 and 80 'are held in position by spring heads 84 and 85 held by stay-bolts 86, as shown. Springs 81 and 88 are held in compression, in.

recesses, between each spring head and the end face of the adjacent prism.

When a piece of uncrushable material enters the crushing cavity, the impact of the crushing head on it causes the mantle to rise. When the mantle rises the prism 8! is pulled upward by the bolt 35,- and the surfaces 82 and 83 slide on thesurfaces of prisms I9 and 80 and push these latter two prisms apart against the compression of springs 81 and 88. When the uncrushable material has passed through, the mantle is drawn down into positionagain by its own weight and by the action of the springs.

Although in the crusher described herein the axes of the inner and outer eccentric bearings are shown to intersect at point 0 below the head it will be understood that the point of intersection may be varied and may be shifted downward even to the extent of bringing the axes substantially parallel. The shaft. and eccentric; arrangement also permits the point of intersection to be brought above the cone, if desired.

The construction of the crusher is simple, rigid, durable, and inexpensive; The central stud shaft I2 is strongly supported and stiir against fiexure in service. The crushing reaction is transand repair, without exposing any of the-interior crushing head having a crushing wall which is approximately conical in shape with the apex at the top and sloping for a substantial distance from the apex towards said mantle and making an angle of about 45 degrees with the axis of the head'cone, and curving downward at the lower skirt thereof becoming substantially parallel with said mantle, means for feeding material to be crushed between said walls, and means for gyrating said head about a point below the head so that said crushing wall successively approaches driving mechanism to the dust laden air of the\successive points around the inner circumference discharge chamber.

I claim:

l. A gyratory crusher comprising a vertical shaft, an eccentric sleeve mounted on said shaft by a bearing, a substantially conical-shaped crushing head, mounted on said sleeve and hav- 'said mantlewall, and means for rotating said eccentric sleeve, whereby said head gyrates and approaches points on said mantle with a downward component of motion every time said sleeve makes a revolution.

2. A gyratory crusher comprising a crushing head having a crushing wall which is approximately conical in shape and flares in a generally I outward and downward direction at an angle of region than at the converging region of said walls.

about 45 degrees with the vertical, a mantle overhanging said head having an inner wall which also flares in a generally outward and downward direction and is approached by said crushing wall toward the lower skirt of the latter, said walls becoming substantially parallel at said skirt,

means for feeding material to be crushed between said walls and means for gyrating said head about a point below the latter so that said crushing wall successively approaches successive points around the circumference of said mantle wall, the distance of approach being less at the parallel 3. A gyratory crusher comprising a mantle in the shape of a conical frustum having its apex above and overhanging a crushing head, said of-l said mantle, the distance of approach being less at the parallel region than at the conver regiorPof said walls, whereby material spreads out more thinly on said head as it proceeds in its direction of feeding and then is easily ejected by dropping downwardly past said skirt.

4. A gyratory crusher comprising a crusher head, means for supporting and gyrating the head, a cooperating mantle}, means for maintain-' ing the mantle in yieldable dperative relationship to the head arranged to perrni passage of uncrushable material between the antle and the head comprising a fixed support, a movable support carrying the mantle, and a series of independent resilient connecting members between said fixed and movable supports, each member comprising a vertical movable wedge and cooperating relatively movable wedges yieldably maintained in engagement with said first named wedge.

5. A gyratory crusher comprising a. crusher head provided with an outwardly and downwardly crushing face, means for supporting and gyrating the head comprising a central shaft member, an eccentric sleeve rotatably mounted thereon by upper and lower bearings, an upper radial bearing for the upper part of the crushing head carried'by the sleeve, a spaced radial bearing for the lower part of the crushing head carried by the sleeve, and an intermediate thrust bearing between the sleeve and the crushing head'and positioned between said spaced bearings. v

6. A gyratory crusher as set forth in claim 5 in which the eccentric sleeve is supported by a thrust bearing around the central shaft.

'7. A gyratory crusher as set forth in claim 5 in which the upper bearings of the eccentric sleeve are of smaller diameters than the corresponding 0 lower bearin s.

HERBERT F. CAMPBEIL.

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