US1605025A - Comminuting and mixing of substances of all kinds - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 2, 1926. 1,605,025

H. HILDEBRANDT COMMINUTING AND MIXING OF SUBSTANCES OF ALL KINDS Filed June 1, 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.4 v

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H. HILDEBRANDT COMMINUTING AND MIXING 0F SUBSTANCES OF ALL KINDS Filed June 1, 1925 6 Sheet-Sheet 5 Fig.6

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H. HILDEBRANDT COMMINUTING AND MIXING 0F SUBSTANCES OF ALL KINDS Filed June 1, 1925 6 Sheet-Sheet 4 Nov. 2 1926. 1,605,025

H. HI LDEBRANDT COMMINUTING AND MIXING OF SUBSTANCES OF ALL KINDS Filed June 1. 1925' 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 HWOFD ?y M Nov. 2, 1926. 1,605,025 H. HILDEBRANDT 'CQMMINUTING AND MIXING 0F SUBSTANCES OF ALL KINDS Filed June 1, 1925 6 SheetsSheei; 6

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I UNITED STATES PATENT Fr -ca.

HERMANN HILDEBRANDT, 0F HAMBURG, GERMANY.

COMMIN'UTING AND MIXING 0F SUBSTANCES OF ALL KINDS.

Application filed June 1, 1925, Serial No. 34,159, and in Germany May 26, 1924.

It has been heretofore proposed to use the centrifugal force of balls for the extreme zomminution of substances; but in such process the balls and the material were raised or carried through the movable grinding path without, however, accomplishing a maximum degree of grinding action.

According to the present invention, the grinding action is increased by causing the balls and the material to positively traverse a path which is different from the rotational direction of the movable grinding element. The motion which is achieved thereby gives the comminuting means, for instance, balls on the movable grinding surface a maximum of movement energy so that the balls can follow the rotat onal velocity of the grinding path in practically every case.

The invention consists further in that the comminuting means together with the material to be treated are moved constantly in a closed circuit by centrifugal force, over one or more movable grinding surfaces and over one or more stationary grinding surfaces, whereby; the direction of movement of the current of balls and ,material on the movable grinding surface is different from the directioniof movement of the latter and the balls are driven over surfaces or guide paths of a closed work chamber.

An apparatus for carrying out this process comprises guide paths formed by the arrangementof steep walled shell-formed,

' movable grinding elements in combination with stat onary grinding elements.

The comminuting means and the material, on passage from one grinding surface to the other, may be subjected to an impact action, and likewise the section and number of the movable and stationary grinding paths may be modified relatively. The arrangement of the movable and the rigid or stationary grinding elements with respect to each other is, .as shown for example in the accompanying drawings and explained in greater detail in the specification, so formed that guide paths for the current of balls and material is produced, which can be further supplemented by guide elements for causing an impact or drop action. The walls of the guide paths are preferably equally spaced apart throughout, except for the in and outlet points for the current of balls and material. The halls are received by the under side of the movable grinding member, are set in rotation and rise together with the material up the steep walled movable grinding element, leaving the latter at the highest point and passing to the stationary grinding element. From here they again pass to the lowermost point of the movable grinding element. The stationary grinding element may be arranged outside or inside the movable element; With the arrange mentof several grinding elements the technical or practical possibilities of the assemblage of the individual features of the present invention are immediately apparent, so that any combination comprising the main feature of the invention 'falls within it. Also the chambers which serve for the impact action of the balls at the point'of passage from one grinding element to the other may be in any number, and their relative positions modified as desired.

Various substances -can be mixed together in the same way.

The apparatus is illustrated in the accompany ng drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of one form of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modification of a detail of the structure shown in Fig. 1..

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the slotted plate shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a modified form of machine.

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view taken on line A-B of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of another modification.

Fig. 7 is a similar View of another form of invention. v

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of invention.

F g. 9 is a sectional view of a portion of the machine shown in Fig. 8 taken on the line CD of that figure.

Figs. 10 and 11 are vertical sectional views of other forms of the invention.

In the devices illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 (Sheets 1 to 3) the balls and the material for example are contained in circulating gu ding and pressure chambers formed for example by one or more deep .rotary shells, an outer stationary grinding track and an inner stationar guiding body'suspended in the rotary shell.

By the rotation of the shell the layers of balls located in the guiding and pressure chamber, and the material between them are carried round by the shell by reason of gravitational and centrifugal pressure friction and moved at a highperipheral speed and tend to pass along the steep shell wall.

It is however not possible for them to do this until their centrifugal force in the guiding and pressure chamber has reached such avalue'that it can overcome the frictional pressure and the weight of the layers of balls located above the rotating shell on the grinding track and in the grinding chamber between the grinding track and the guide body.. a

In this manner the balls are driven over,

the grinding track whereby the balls comminute by centrifugal force the material which moves with them, and in accordance with the shape of'the uper grinding chamber and the stationary guiding bodies are conducted away from the grinding track inwardly towards the middle and downwardly upon the rotating shell, whereby they are projected on the upper wall of the stationary guiding body by the pressure of the balls following on the rotating shell in the guide and pressure chamber or by the energy of rotation of the balls rotating on the grinding track, or after destroying the centrifugal energy of the balls rotating on the stationary grinding track fall on the wall of the guide body, further comminuting the material which moves therewith and after destroying the energy of movement pass from the .upper wall of the guide body through openings in the stationary guide body to the middle of the rotary shell and here again comminute the material by impact action.

When reaching the rotating shell theballs, with the material between them, have centrifugal force again imparted thereto and the la ers of balls close up at the bottom and thus effect by this continuous additional increase in pressure in the guide and pressure chamber, a continuous pressing out of the balls and the material from the upper grinding track and a continuous circulation in the mill.

I The material is continuously between the balls and partakes of the continuous movements thereof whereby the material is mainly comminuted by impact and friction action of the balls on the grinding track. on

the guide body, and on the bottom of theshell.

ure 7 (Sheet 3) the balls and the material, in a similar manner as described in connection with the devices in Figures 1 to 6. are driven upwardly continuously from the roistationary, may form a guiding and By means of the device illustrated in Fig- I tating shell and also have a grinding movement imparted thereto by reason, of the guide members or guide ribs provided at which either with a shell, open at the bottom-and top, and inserted therein and rotating therewith or suspended therein and pressure chamber, by reason of the high bearing pressure against the steep shell wall resulting from centrifugal force and guided upwardly and driven over astationary grinding track, from which the balls and the material ,by means of the energy of rotation are projected by projecting ribs on the grinding track downwardly directly to a suitable point of the rotating shell or on,

the upper wall of the suspended stationary guiding body and from here are passedthrough a central opening to the middle of the rotating shell and thus mainly by the impact action when the balls strike the wall of the rotating shell or the stationary guiding bodies-together with the diverting pressure comminute the material which moves therewith.

In the devices illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 on Sheets 5 and 6, the balls and the material have imparted thereto a high peripheral speed and the absolute speed of the rotating shell by means of rotary shells open at the bottom and at the top and gradu ally enlarged towards the topand arranged around the shaft and secured thereto, .by

reason of the gravitational friction and the friction due to centrifugal pressure, and by reason of the centrifugal force thus obtained are continuously guided from the bottom to the top and projected with the projecting force suitable for every kind of material on the stationary grinding track which surrounds the rotating shell at predetermined distances, from where the balls and the material by reasonof the energy of rotation remaining on the grinding track or .by gravity are conducted or fall into the .stationary casing shell surrounding the rotating shell at predetermined intervals, and,

from the casing shell bottom are pressed and guided by means of the column of balls above them upwardly on the guide body arranged centrally in the casing shell bottom and through the lower inlctop'enings of the rotating shells to the inner surfaces thereof or to the guirliug chambers thereof,

and from here they are driven upwardly and projected on to the grinding track in a continuous stream by reason of the friction peripheral speed and a high projecting force ing tracc on which the material is broken up or comminuted, and at the same tlme to resulting set the balls and the material into a contin ing energy of a flowing medium through 7 upper openings and the wet material is periodicaly emptied through lower openings and the supply of all the material is effected through upper openings.

' and upwardly,

In the device according to Figure 1, Sheet 1, there is secured to a vertical shaft 1 a deep rotating shell "2, freely supported at the top which is closed at the bottom and open at the top into which a number of similar shells 2 rotating therewith and open at the topand bottom can be inserted in such a manner that between them are formed free guiding and pressure chambers, preferably all arranged at the same distance apart, for

guiding one or more layers of balls and materials The inserted rotary shells open at the top and bottom are preferably secured to the outer shell by means of distance pieces and securing elements. 7

These rotary shells 2,,a stationary grinding track 3, and a stationary suspended guide body 4, form annular chambers 5 and 6 in which are contained the grinding bodies 7 and the material. The-guide body 4 is of such a shape and so arranged that its lower wall is similar to the adjacent wall 7, of the rotary shell 2 and thus is every where at the same distance from the rotating shell and this distance is such that in the guiding and pressure chambers thus formed, one or more layers of balls and the material can have a high peripheral speed and centrifugal force imparted thereto and be driven upwardly by the gravitational and centrifugal pressure on the rotating shell.

By rotating the deep shells '2 the balls and the material in the guiding and pres sure chambers 5' tend to move outwardly but can;only pass upwardly into the grinding chamber 6 when the upwardly acting pressure of the bal s rotating on the rotating shell and to which centrifugal force has been imparted, has become therefrom when striking the grind- So great that it can overcome the centrifugal energy. the weight and the friction of the whole column of balls rotating more centrifugal force is imparted, and thus also the comminuting action can be increased.

By reason of the centrifugal force the balls exert a very high pressure outwardly on the shells and grinding track and upon one another by which the material, which is between the balls and continually moves therewith, is energetically comminuted.

Towards the topthe speed of rotation of the balls in their almost horizontal track which passes upwardlyis reduced by reason of the grinding operation which is carried out on the stationary grinding track.

The balls and the material cannot return in the narrow chambers 5 and6 but are gradually driven upwards by the pressure of the succeeding balls and material in the grinding and pressure chamber 5 until finally, by reason of the stopping of the guide body 4 in the upper part of the grinding chamber 6, leave the inner side of their guide and vare thus forced or projected or fall towards the middle on the upper wall of the guiding body 4, whereby they further comminute the material on the wall of the stationary suspended guide body when beating open this by impact and on further rotation by friction.

The balls and material finally fall from the upper wall of the guide body through a central opening 8 in the guide body on carried therewith towards the interior and to the middle of the shell as they would be always forced outwardly by centrifugal force and towards the largest diameter and it is only by the above described method of guiding that they can be returned towards the interior and towards the bottom to the middle of the rotating shell.

Thearrangemen-t of guide ribs or guide bodies on the inner surface of the grinding track also enables the balls and the material to be thrown or returned to the middle of the shell and to the bottom by reason of .the energy of rotation. which they still rev tain from the grinding track, or when striking on the raised portions of the grinding track are caused by the elasticity of the balls to jump from the grinding track and fall towardsthe middle of the rotating shell.

The wedge-shaped annular slot 9 formed between the rotating shell 2 and the stationary grinding track 3 is closed by a wedge ring 1O,v adjustable from the outside, in such a manner that the centrifugal force acting therein towards the guiding chamber will force any material which has entered the slot back into the guiding chamber.

For supporting this action there is also provided a blade ring 11, secured to the rotating shell 2, of which the blades produce an air pressure in the chamber 12 so that any material which may have entered the slot, will be thrown back by the air pres-- sure into the grinding chamber.

The guiding body 4 is secured to the easing cover centrally by means of ribs 13 and bolts 14, whereby the cooling and heating liquids are conducted to the hollow guide body through passages in the bolts 14 and ribs 13. In the casing cover is'provided a discharge opening 16 and an opening. 17 through which the most finely ground dry material can be withdrawn from the guiding chamber-through a flow medium.

The discharge of the fine material is ef fected, in so far as dusty particles are not withdrawn from the bottom, through a discharge opening arranged centrally at the lowest part of the rotating shell 2, which is opened and closed by an axially movable discharge plunger 18. For discharge the plunger is lowered by the spindle 19 by means of the toothed wheels 20 whereby the material passes through the aperture formed between the plunger 18 and the acking plate 21 into the discharge chamtier 23 and from here is projected through the holes 24 into the withdrawal chamber 25. The plunger 18' can also be pressed against the packing plate by spring action.

The discharge slot 22 is much smaller than the balls so that these continue to rotate without interruption. I

The packing plate 21 may also be provided with longitudinal slots 22 as shown in Figures 2 and 3, which are closed by suitably raised portions on the discharge plunger.

In the device according to Figures 4 and 5. Sheet 2. the uniform distance of the stationarysuspended guide body 4 from the rotating shell 2 is. so large that a number of rows of balls and layers of balls have. room side by side whereby the guiding and pressure chamber 5 becomes greater and the grinding action on the grinding track and also between the separate balls becomes more intense. The same result will be obtained by enlarging the distance between the shells open at the bottom and at the top and fitted within the lower rotating shell with which they rotate.

In order to impart to the balls in the guiding chamber a more intense grinding action and also to return them more rapidly to the centre of the shell, the stationary grinding track 3 and the stationary guiding body 4, the latter, however, only on the upper wall, may be provided with guide ribs 26 which are arranged transversely or at an angle to the direction of the movement of the balls.

"In the device according to Fig. 6, Sheet 3, the slot 9 extends upwardly. In this manner particles of material which pass into the slot 9 are conducted back to the grinding chamber also by gravity in addition'to the centrifugal force and the compressed air which is produced by means of the blades 11 secured to the shell. By reason of the upwardly drawn shape of the grinding chamber '6, not only the grinding surfaces, but also the tall in height over the. balls and thus the impact action for comminuting the materialon the shell bottom are increased.

The cooling or heating of the rotatin shell is effected by a liquid which is applied to the outer rotating shell wall by a nozzle ring 27 and by 'ablade ring secured to the rotating shell, and rises upwardly thereof by reason of centrifugal force, whereby the liquid is prevented from being thrown off too early by the hood 28. At the largest .diameter the liquid is thrown oil and conducted away at the opening 29.

The upper outflow opening 17 for the dry mate-rial and the inlet opening 16 for all the material are in this case arranged cen; trally.

In the device according to Fig. '7, Sheet 3, the stationary guiding body is provided on its side turned towards the rotating shell with guide bars or guide ribs extending up to the shell which may be arranged vertically or at an angle in relation to the path of the balls, whereby the balls have a rolling and grinding movement imparted there to when moving up the rotating shell.

In the devices according to Figures 8 and .9, Sheet 4, projecting ribs 31 are provided on the stationary grinding track 3, which are of such a curvature that the balls and the material can be projected substantially horizontally from the upwardly directed track in any suitable direction by reason oi the energy of rotation. The projecting ribs 31 are either formed integral with the. grinding track 3 or insertedtherein as a separate part whereby they may be formed hollow and arranged so as to be cooled or heated.

The devices according to Figures 10 and 11, Sheets 5 and 6, only differ from the previous devices therein that'in these devices the grinding operation is mainly -ef fected by impact action and wherein the balls and the material after beating upon the grinding, track fall downwardly outmaterial. By gravitational and centrifugal friction they are driven-by the rotating shell 2, have a high peripheral speed and centrifugal forceimparted thereto by this and are driven upwardlyp-At the upper edge they pass outwardly fronithe shell and by impact action strikeuponi the grinding track 3, arranged outside,fwhereby the main grinding operation is effected. Whilst moving spirally or fallingand carrying out a further grinding operationthe balls and the material by reason of their gravity move downwardly and collect. in the-bottom of the casing shell 33'. They gradually heap up and thus bytheir we'ight force .OlltL the balls and the material lying in 'the middle of the casing shell around the g'uiding body combined.-v with a the discharge plunger 34 and projectinginto thej grind v ing chamber or into the "loweropenin'g of the rotating shell, sothat they; again come within reach of'the inner surfaces of the rotating shell 2 and are caused to rotate with the rotating shell by friction whereby the operation is recommenced. In these deat this point is not possible;

vices the slot 9 1ies in thedirec tion of the ball track so that an'outflow of the material The rotating shell 2-is closed towards the collecting chamber in the casing shell 35 so as to prevent any deleterious friction with the balls and material, by a stationary protecting shell 36.

The protecting shell 36 is suspended and secured in the larger casing shell which surrounds the protecting shell at suitable dis tances therefrom, by means of distance pieces thus forming the guiding and pressure chamber for guiding the balls and material downwardly. The slots 37 and 38' formed betweenthe rotating shell 2 and the stationary protecting shell 36 are located in the operating chamber and therefore do not lead to any losses. Any material which may enter the chamber 39 formed by the rotating shell 2 and the stationary protecting shell 36 is again 'terials,

moved upwardly into the guiding chamber by the fan blades 40. With a sufiiciently large annular space between the stationary casing shell 33 and the rotary shell 2 the stationary protecting shell 36 may also be omitted.

The raising of the securing elements for l the rotary shells to'the hub of the shaft enother and secured upon a common shaftfor guiding one or more layers of balls and material upwardly. The discharge of the fluid material is then effected downwardly through a discharge opening arranged centrally or laterally at the bottom at thedeepest part of the casing shell and closed by means of axially movable discharge plunger 34. The packing surfaces of the discharge opening in the casing shell 33 1and of the discharge plunger 34: are conica The Withdrawal of the'dry dust-like material is effected through the hollow shaft or through the hollow hub upwardly.

The charging is effected through a pipe 41 suspended centrally in the top of the hollow shaft.

All the stationary and rotary shells and the grinding tracks according to the devices in Figs. 1 to 11 can be cooled or heated. All the parts exposed to wear can be fitted with. armouring which can be rapidly replaced. 7

As grinding bodies it is possible to use balls or otherwise shaped bodies of the same or different sizes and of the same or different material so that when using balls of differthus assist in producing relative friction between the balls and this friction, when using grindin or mixing bodies of different ma- "by reason of the different co-efiicients of friction between, for example, spherical grinding and mixing bodies, is increased and thus the comminution or mixing of the material is supported.

' The above described devices can also be used for mixing various substances with or without the addition of pressure, vacuum, temperature or electric discharges.

The comminuting process for comminuting up to colloidal fineness can be effected with the assistance of protecting colloids and the mixing process with the assistance of I claim as new and desire to. secure by in which 1;

provided with ribs for directing the grinding elements and the material into the guid- Letters Patent is 1. An apparatus for comminuting and mixing materials up toa colloidaldegree of fineness comprising an enclosed operating chamber, at least one stationary grinding track and at least one guide passage arranged in the chamber, comminuting means arranged in the chamber, and at least one impelling means for moving said comminuting means together with material to be treated constantly in a continuous stream, by centrifugal action over the stationary grinding track and through said guide pass sages. v v

2. An apparatus for comminuting material to a colloidal degree of fineness and admixing the same comprising a rotatable substantially parabolic grinding surface, a

complementary shaped stationary grindingsurface spaced from the first mentioned grinding surface to provide a guiding path .extending upwardly and outwardly from the axis of the rotatable vsurface, an annular stationary grinding surface arranged at the upper end of said path, and guiding means arran ed to direct grindin elements and the materlal under-going grinding fromvthe stationary annular surface to the lower portion of the first mentioned grinding surface.

- 3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the guiding means directs the grinding elements and material first in a horizontal direction and then downwardly.

4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the guiding means includes a substantially horizontal surface provided with impact and guide ribs extendin into close proximity to said annular gui ing surface.

5. An apparatus-as claimed in claim 2 e annular guiding surface is mg means.

6. An ap aratus as' claimed in claim 2 in which the rst mentioned grinding surface terminates at its lower portion in a substantially horizontal unbroken surface. s

7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the first mentioned grinding surface is formed on a rotatable pan, and a substantially parabolic hollow member mounted on extending into the space formed by said sub-' stantially parabolic grinding surfaces.

9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the substantially parabolic rotatable grindin .surface is formed in a rotatable pan, sa1 pan having an opening at its lower end, and a plunger normally closing said opening.

10. An apparatus as claimedin claim 2 v in which the stationary substantially .parabolic surface is formed on a hollow sus pended member and means for introducing a temperature changing medium into and out of said hollow member.

11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the rotatable substantially parabolic grinding surface terminates ad'acent to the annular grindingsurface, sai surfaces being separated by an annular space wedge shaped vertically.

12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which a wedge-shaped opening is provided between the rotatable grinding surface and the annular grinding surface, and a rotatable fan for preventing material from discharging through said opening.

' movement over the movable surface and then to the movable track.

16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including at least one impact surface, and another passageway for feeding thecomminuting means and material undergoin treatment from said surface.

17. A device for comminuting and mixing materials up to a degree of colloidal fine ness includlng a closed working chamber formed by a stationary grinding track and an annular movable grinding track, and

comminuting means movable over said tracks b centrifugal force exerted .by the movable track.

18. A device as claimed in claim 17 in which the movable :grindingtrack is provided with anannular inclined surface arranged adjacent to a similarsurface on the chamber, said surfaces being directly oppoguide pasagesto the impact 'site one another and being inclined in the direction in which the comminuting means moves, so as toprevent fine material from passing out of the chamber between said surfaces.

19. A device as claimed in claim 17 in which the movable track and a stationary. Wall of the chamber are provided with adjacent inclined annular surfaces forming an 10 annular space leading into the chamber,

said surfaces being arranged in the direction of flow of the comminuting means so as to prevent material from the chamber discharging through said opening, and a pressure chamber communicating with said opening for feeding a gaseous mediuin into the closed chamber.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

HERMANN HILDEBRANDT.

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