US2086383A - Impact crusher - Google Patents

Description

July 6, 1937.

O. C. GRUENDER IMPACT CRUSHER Filed'sept. 15, 1935 2/.9 -I

7 Sheets-Sheet l July 6 1937 o. c. GRUENDER 2,086,383

IMPACT CRUSHER Filed sept. 1:5, 19:55 v'sneets-sheet l2' IMPACT CRUSHER Filedvsept. 1s, 195s T Sheets-,Sheet 3 6 6. rd w92 wif/*mw Q Wm @6 Ml f im@ f mar 0 l ,WV .M 9 ,.lv .a a a \J w f Q s z July 6, 1937.

O. C. GRUENDER IMPACT CRUSHER Filed Sept. 13, 1935 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 IMPACT CRUSHER Filed sept. 13,'1955 '7 SheetsfSheet 5 July 6, 1937.

o. c. GRUENDER A 2,086,383

IMPACT CRUSHER y. Filed sept. 13, lss 7 sheets-sheet e Patented July 6, 1937' UNITED STATES maar caUsnEn Oscar C.

Gruender, Milwaukee, Wis., assignor to Nordberg Manufacturing o.', Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin 'Application September 13, 1335, Serial No. 40,430

10 Claims.

My invention relates to an improvement in impact` crushers. One purpose is the provision of an impact crusher having a low power consumption. Another purpose is the provision of a compact and unitary apparatus which will occupy a minimum of space. Another object is to avoid the use of reduction gears or belts. Another object is the construction of a housing with provision for ready access to impeller and breaker plates as well as to liners. Anotherl object is to provide several means for the attachment of breaker plates to the impeller, whereby the breaker plates are easily applied or removed and firm- 1y held. Another object is the provision of the use of breaker plates at such an angle as to cause the particles to be thrust against the liners or in-4 tercepting plates along a horizontal direction, thereby increasing the impacting effect. Another object is the prevention of the entry of dust into the main shaft bearings. Other objects will apfication and claims.

I illustrate my invention more or'less diagramnatically in the accompanying drawngs,'where "Figure 1 is a plan view;

Figure 2 is a section on the line 2--2 of Figure l; K

Figure 3 is a section onthe line 3-3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4of Figure 2; l

Figure 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Figure 4;

ure 3; Figure 7 is a horizontal section through a variant form ofthe device;

Figure 8 is a plan view of a further variation; Figure 9 is a section on the line 9-9 of Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a partial section on the line Ill-I0 of Figure 9;

Figure 11 is a vertical section with partsbroken away, illustrating-a still further variation of the device; I

Figure 12 is a horizontal diagrammatic section of another modified form;

Figure 13 is a partial side view with the crushing bowl in section, of a still further variation;

I l y 14 is a diagrammatic horizontal section ofthe device illustrated in Figure 13.

Like' parts are indicated by llike symbols 55j Atlmznx'g'liout 'the specification and drawings.

pear from time to time in the course of the speci- 4 Figure 6 is a section on the line 6 6 of Figi'A .f terial 21 Referring for example to the form of Figures 1 and 2, I generally indicates any suitable basev upon which is mounted a circumferential frame member herein illustrated as in the form of a channel?, with a bottom flange -3 engaging the base I and a top ange 4 to which may be bolted a supporting plate or spider 5 having a. central sleeve 6. Mounted upon the upper flange 1 of this central sleeve 6 is a generally cylindrical motor housing 8. The details of the motor do not of themselves form part of the present invention but I indicate an impellerrotor shaft generally as 9. which, it will be understood, may be directly coupled to the motor, so that no transmission, gearing, belts, or separate driving means are necessary. I8 is any suitable upper housing or cover which shields the motor. and motor bearings.

It rests upon the upper flange of the member 8. It is shown herein as having ears II which support the generally vertical rods I2 upon the upper ends of which is mounted a hopper or feed box I3 aligned with any suitable chute, spout or material delivery means I4. The bottom plate I5 of the hopper I3 receives the direct delivery of material I6 from the chute I4 and as it piles up it rolls down the twin vertical delivery passages I6, I1. In Figures 1 and 2, two of these passages are shown, diametrically opposed at an equal radial distance from the center of rotation of the motor. Each of these spouts passes at its lower end through an aperture'l or I9 in the plate 5. AT'he weight of the spouts may be at least in part supported by flanges 20 welded or otherwise secured to the lower ends thereof. Whereas we have shown in some of the drawings vertical chutes or spouts it will'be understood, of course, that in the claims unless I limit myself specifically to the use of vertical spouts, inclined spouts or chutes may be employed as illustrated, for example, in Figure 12.

Positioned within the member 6 is a ring 25. Enclosed within it is a second and inner concentric ring 26. Between them is positioned a mass or ring of rubber or any suitable equivalent mato serve as a-iloating` support for the shaft bearings. The rubber is confined in place as by the bottom closure plates 28. The bolts 29 which hold it thus lock the floating suspension in place. 30 is an outer rollenbearing race and 3I an inner race, the rollers 32 being positioned therebetween. The inner raceis mounted;` upon the impeller shaft 9. It may, for example, be Alocked against the ledge 33 as Vby any suitable screw-threaded locking .ring 34. The ring 34 may have a downwardly extending flange 35 `lwhich 455y overlaps the upwardly extending ange 36 of the plate 28. The result is a species of labyrinth but it will be understood that any other means may be employed for keeping dust out of the bearings. To protect the bearings from above I illustrate a further closure plate 38 which en- Agages the enlarged portion 33 of the shaft 9. It may be provided with any suitable packing spaces 39.

Mounted on the lower end of the impeller shaft 9 is the impeller proper which I illustrate in Figure 6 as a body 4|] having three projecting arms 4|. It may be keyed to the shaft 9 as by keys 42 and any suitable locking means may be employed including the nut 43 as shown in Figure 2, for holding the impeller firmly in position upon the impeller shaft 9. Mounted in each of the arms 4| is an impact plate proper. I illustrate these plates in some detail in Figures 4 and 5. It is important that they be readily detachable. Referring to Figures 4, and 6,each

such plate includes a main impacting or body portion 50 with a forwardly extending inner side portion 5|. Adjacent the juncture of 50 and 5| there is arearward piece which may be roughly described as a dovetail 52, which penetrates a corresponding' aperture 53. It is clamped therein as by a pair of wedges 54, 55, one being downwardly drawn and the other upwardly by rotation of the oppositely screwthreaded bolt 56 .which is provided at top and bottom with washers 51 and lock nuts 58. It will be understood that the bolt 56 can be rotated from either end by the square end portions 59. Rotation in either direction moves the two wedges in relatively opposite directions. The wedgesare half round in` form, as shown in Figure 4, and are provided with inclined faces 60, opposed to corresponding faces 6| upon the member 50. The round portions of the bodies of the wedges seat ina rounded aperture 62 in the arm 4| which is really a continuation Aof the dovetail aperture 53 or opens on one side of it. Note that the impact surface of the member 5| is somewhat at an angle to that of the member 50. Also, the face of the member 5l) is somewhat inclined tothe true radius of the lmpeller. Furthermore, as is clear .in Figures 3 and 6, it is set somewhat at an angle in relation to the axis of rotation of the impeller.

In order to have ready access to these impact .members I illustrate the cover 5 as provided with apertures closed by closure plates l0 which are removably held in position as by bolts 1|, as shown in Figure 3.

Itw'ill be understood that a rotation of the impeller will carry the facesof the member 50 at a high rate of speed through the path of the material dropping down the chutes |6 and whereby the particles, `falling freely under gravity, are impacted and are violently delivered n along a generally horizontal direction. The first stage of reduction takes place by this impact, as the particles fall. The second stage reduction results from the impacting of these particles against xed wear plates within the base or housing .2.

Referring, for example, to Figures 1 and 6, in

the form of my device in which I employ an impeller with three arms in connection with two chutes, the material isV impacted at two points by the impeller and is therefore delivered centrifugally outwardly along two separate paths or in bevelledalong their edges as at 8| and are wedged at their opposite edges as by wedges 82`control1ed by bolts 83 which can be exteriorly actuated. The result of tightening the wedges 82 i's to wedge the bevelled edge 8| firmly against the opposed portion 84 of the base 2.4 As the material is not delivered along a strictly limited path I provide a side plate 85 which is held in position as by bolts or screws 86. Top plates 81 are also employed, shown in dotted line in Figure 1 which are held in position as by bolts or screws 88. All the bolts and screws above described are accessible from the outside. However, in order to get access to the bolts forinsertion or removal of the plates I provide removable top closure plates 89 which are held in position. by the bolts or screws 90 whereby ready access may be had to the wear plates 80 and 85.

- Referring to Figure 7 I illustrate a variant form of the device in which three chutes are indicated -as 95, 96 and.91,' evenly spaced about the path of the impeller. The impeller is provided with two arms 98 and 99 respectively. This reverses the arrangement of Figure 1 in which there were more impact members on the impeller than spouts. A wide latitude of arrangement is possible but it is important that the spouts and impeller members be of different numbers so that only one impact is being delivered at a time. In other words, whether two impact members are employed on the impeller or three; they are preferably so related in relation to the position and number of the chutes, that,only one impeller is delivering a crushing impact at a time.

It will be noted that the capacity of the impact crusher is in direct proportion to the number` of chutes conveying the material down into the path of the`impa'ct members 58 of the impeller. While the number of chutes is limited to an economical maximum, they may be so arranged that by doubling the number of chutes the capacity of the crusher may thereby be doubled. 'I'his may undersome circumstances indicate that two streams of falling material may be impacted at the same time. Inasmuch as there is a fixed loss of power due to windage and friction, the advantage of increasing the number of chutes is to crush more material with the expenditure of power necessary to do such crushing and with little if any increase in unproductive power. It will be understood that the number of impeller arms or members may be chosen to suit the speed of the impeller and the number of chutes, and does not directly affect the capacity of the crusher. 'I'he capacity of the crusher is increased by increasing the number of chutes, not the number of impact members, but when the number of chutes has been selected, the number of impeller members 50 employed to get the desired result depends not merely upon the number of chutes but also the speed of rotation of the shaft 9.

Referring to the form of Figures 8, 9 and 10, I vary the arrangement of the Vform of Figure 1 and following by adding means for causing previously crushed oversized material to fall downwardly across the face of the Wear plates 86. I

illustrate, for example, separate feeding means for fine and coarse material. 00 is the feed box for the coarse material, which is in communication with the two vertical' spouts |6 and |0| is a spout for delivering previously crushed oversized material, for example screenings from the first pass through the machine. It delivers to a line.

feed box |02 which is shown as having two after it is piled up on these shelvesfdrops down the final spout or delivery space and falls thereby directly across the face of the wear plate 80. Therefore, as shown in Figure 10, the particles delivered from the impact surfaces 50, as at A in Figure are directed against the gravitally falling particles indicated at B in Figure 10. These in the form of a sheet of ne particles, are

; therefore crushed against the plate 00, and re- A`ceive a further reduction. This form of the devi is particularly adapted to closed circuit crushing and it will be understood that any eilicient form of conveying and screening may be employed, whereby certain desired intermediate sizes of material, liner than the original kfeed but coarser than the desired end product, are dropped in front of the plate A for a further secondary impact.

Figure 11 illustrates a gariant form of my de- A vice in which the parts are transposed in such fashion that the motor housing 0 and its associated partsis positioned below the base 2. Any suitable discharge chutes H0 are illustrated, ioimed in what may if desired vbe a slotted base It will be realized that whereas I have, described and shown a practical and operative device, nevertheless many changes may be made in the size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention. I

therefore wish my description and drawings to be taken as in a broad sense illustrative'and diagrammatic rather than as limiting me to my specific showing.

Referring to the form of device shown in Figure 12 I illustrate inclined chutes or spouts Ilia which are adapted to direct the material downwardly toward the revolving impeller in a direction opposite to that of the rotation of the impeller, to produce better reduction in crushing.

The impacted falling particles are affected not merely by the direct speed of rotation of the impact members 50 but by the additional lateral speed, in an opposite direction, caused by their delivery into .the zone of impact in a direction opposite to that of the rotation of the impeller. Even an angle of degrees from the vertical will produce a horizontal component of a considerable amount at the timethe material leaves the bottom of the chute and enters the' zone of impact.

Any satisfactory means may be employed for.

counterbalancing the impeller. 'Either the impeller arms supporting the members 50 are so distributed about the axis of rotation of the impeller. as to maintain dynamic balance during rotation, or the parts may be weighted in any suitable fashion in' order to prevent any undesired vibration resulting from the high speed rotatio of the unbalanced member.

It will be understood that my device is particularly adaptable to closed circuit crushing. 'Ihe product delivered gravltally downwardly from the crushing zone, for example, falling freely downwardly away from the faces of'the plates 80 and 85 or the overhanging plate 01 may be taken in any suitable conveying and screening means. 'I'he nes may be separately disposed of and the oversized returned for recrushing. In the form of Figure 9 I illustrate means for recirculating some of the intermediate sized material by dropping it across the face of the plates 80. This is under some circumstances desirable but motor shaft serving as'r the impeller vor impact shaft.

I might find one `impact occur.sirriultarie ouslyvl and for exempliilcation I` have illug'tijgt/egiin Figure 12 both the impact members 50'," Y leimpeller 49 and the delivery chutes I6, I1 v'ametrically opposed to each other in relation* the axis of the shaft 9. It will be understood, however, that I may vary the number of arms 4| and' associated impact members 50 and the number of chutes. Owing to the greater unevenness of torque, because of a p rality of simultaneousimpacts, I may incorporat. in conjunction with the impeller 40 `a ily wheel to eliminate heavy pulsation in the electrical circuit for actuating the motor. y However, the greater the number of impact arms 4| and number o f chutes, the less this effect would be felt.

For slow running motors4 a greater number of impeller arms 4| may be employed. For example, in connection with an impeller having two impact members 50 diametrically opposed to each other, flve delivery chutes equally spaced radially may be employed for delivering. asingle crushing impact at a time, and, in the variant form illustrated in Figure 12, four delivery chutes may be used. In order to obtain a better crushing effect I may deliver the material to be crushed at an angle towards the revolving impeller as illustrated in Figures 13 and 14. The chutes I2| herein shown as mounted at an incline, say for example at an angle of about 15 degrees with the vertical, direct the gravitally falling particles in a direction opposed to that of the revolving impeller.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

-Referring to the form of Figure 1 and following, I drop material by gravity freely along a plurality of paths, for example, along the chutes I6 and I1. Referring \to Figure '7, I increase the number of paths to three, the chutes 95, 96 and 91. In both forms I employ an impeller having a plurality of impact members 50. These are ro tated by'. any suitable motor at a high rate of speed. The rate of rotation may, for example, be as high as 1500 R. P. M. It is important that the vrotor or impeller be rotated at such a rate 2,086,383. 3 spouts |03 and IBI respectively, to supplemental it is not an inseparable feature of my device. .In feed boxes |05, |00, with ledges or shelves |01 to] all forms of the device it will be noted/the motor' "break the fall of the material. The material,J is positioned closely ladjacent the impeller, the

that every particle which is impacted is so struck as tobe shattered. In practice, the effect is almost that of an explosion of the particle. It is also important that the speed of drop of the material, as it enters the impacting zone, is' such that each particle is carried fully or substantially fully into the path of the impact members 50, so as tovbe struck by a full face blow. For example, I find that chutes of a height of say eight to ten feet are satisfactory. It will be understood,

of course, that a substantial variation may be made both in the speed of rotation of the im# pact members and in the height ofthe drop. It is important that the material drop freely and without packing. H

By having themotor coupled directly to the impeller I avoid the necessity of the use of any intermediate drive, gear reduction. orthe like. The rubber blocks 21 serve as, #vibration pre- .venting.means. The wear plates 80 and V05 are readily removed and access to them and to the impeller members is easilyhad by removal of the cover plates 10 and 80. 4

I claim:

1. In an impact Crusher, a base, a rotor mounted upon said base to rotate about a vertical axis, a plurality of impact members peripherally spaced about said rotor, the impact face of said members having a surface Whose vertical dimension is of the same order as its horizontal dimension, a plurality ofV substantially vertical feed spouts adapted to deliver material, at widely spaced points, to the path of movementvof said impact members, and individual secondary fixed crushing plates laterally aligned with the zone of intersection of the path of feed from each spout with the path of movement of the impact members of the rotor, said secondary impact members being sufficiently spaced laterally from the path of movement of the rotor to permit the secondarily crushed particles to fall gravitally along a path removed from the path of movement of the impact members.

2. In an impact crusher, a base, a rotor mounted on said base for rotation about a generally vertical axis, means for rotating said rotor, a plurality of impact members mounted on said rotor and spaced peripherally thereabout, and a plurality of generally vertical tubular delivery chutes adapted to deliver the material to be crushed at the general level of and in the path of movement oi said impact-members, at a plurality of segregated delivery zones, one for each tance from the rotor to permit the secondarlly impacted particles to drop by gravity along a path removed from the zone of the primary impacting.

3. 'Ihe structure of claim 2 characterized by lthe employment of a different number of impact members and chutes.

4. The structure of claim 2 characterized by the employment of a plurality-of chutes and of a greater number of impact members than of chutes.

5. The structure of claim 2 characterized by the positioning of the chutes, in relation to the distribution of the impact members about the rotor, in such fashion that the delivery from each chute is impacted at a time when the delivery from no other chute is being impacted.

6. The structure of claim 2 characterized by the employment of separate and distinctsecondary impact members each positioned to receive the particles discharged from oneof said chutes, after their impacting by the rotor.

'7. The structure of claim 2 characterized in that the .secondary impact members are so spaced vin relation to the primary impact members that the ensuing delivery from the primary impact members of impacted particles causes a bombardment of the particles already impacted against the secondary impact members.

8. The structure of claim 2 characterized vby the employment of chutes which are inclined somewhat against the direction of rotation of the rotor, whereby the particles are delivered for crushing in a direction -opposed to the direction of rotation of said rotor.

9. The structure of claim 2 characterized by, the employment of a like number of delivery' chutes and impact members.

' 10. The structure of claim 2 characterized by the employment of a greater number of impact members than of chutes.

' OSCAR C. GRUENDER.

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