US10487495B2 - Component and production method - Google Patents

Component and production method Download PDF

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US10487495B2
US10487495B2 US15/778,646 US201615778646A US10487495B2 US 10487495 B2 US10487495 B2 US 10487495B2 US 201615778646 A US201615778646 A US 201615778646A US 10487495 B2 US10487495 B2 US 10487495B2
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component
recesses
parts
another
wedge
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US20180355604A1 (en
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Josef SCHILCHER
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
    • E04B1/6145—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with recesses in both frontal surfaces co-operating with an additional connecting element
    • E04B1/6158—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with recesses in both frontal surfaces co-operating with an additional connecting element the connection made by formlocking
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
    • E04B1/6145—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with recesses in both frontal surfaces co-operating with an additional connecting element
    • E04B1/6162—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with recesses in both frontal surfaces co-operating with an additional connecting element the connection made by an additional locking key
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/10—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/0032—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates, or panels or the interlocking key parallel to the abutting edge
    • F16B5/0052—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates, or panels or the interlocking key parallel to the abutting edge the interlocking key acting as a dovetail-type key
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/0056—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels or the interlocking key perpendicular to the main plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/0084—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship characterised by particular locking means
    • F16B5/0088—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship characterised by particular locking means with locking means moving substantially perpendicular to the main plane, e.g. pins, screws
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0252—Dovetail keys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component comprising at least two pieces that adjoin one another over one of their surfaces and at least one connecting element that holds the pieces in their adjoining position.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a method for producing a component according to the invention.
  • Similar pieces are known from AT 505 737 B1 and WO 2014/153574 A1.
  • the connecting elements are divided into two parts that can be shifted along one wedge surface against one another in the longitudinal direction.
  • FR 1 518 263 A discloses a beam-shaped piece that consists of two profile rods that are connected to one another using two coupling rods.
  • the coupling rods are made similarly to the connecting elements of WO 2014/153574 A1.
  • the design of the profile rods, on the one hand, and the design of the coupling rods of FR 1 518 263 A, on the other hand, do not make it possible to move, for example, panel-shaped pieces onto one another during connection.
  • EP 0 886 016 A1 shows and describes a component of two panels that have been joined to one another. The joining takes place using a coupling rod that has a dovetailed cross-section. The one-piece, therefore not divided, coupling rod of EP 0 886 016 A1 also makes it possible to connect only already tightly adjoining panels to one another.
  • DE 93 12 052 U discloses a one-piece coupling rod for connection of panels that are to be joined to one another by beveling.
  • the connection of panels that is known from DE 93 12 052 U has the same properties as the connection of EP 0 886 016 A1 and does not allow the panels to move onto one another when being connected. Rather, the panels must already be located adjoining one another when being connected.
  • Ceilings and similar components that consist of prefabricated pieces in the form of panel-shaped ceiling elements and that are generally only joined together at the construction site often have residual stresses and are not straight.
  • the surfaces of the components that are to be connected to one another and that are to be abutted to one another have a curved or twisted shape.
  • the object of the invention is to present a component that consists of pieces and in which gaps between the pieces are avoided and there is no risk of a gap forming between the adjoining pieces.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with a component and with a method.
  • the at least two pieces are connected to one another via connecting elements that are able to pretension the pieces onto one another, it is possible to connect the pieces to one another even if they are warped (curved or bent) and have residual stresses, such that the surfaces of the pieces facing one another tightly adjoin one another, therefore are without gaps, over the entire length of the component.
  • the use of connecting elements according to the invention makes it possible to draw the ceiling elements, which first lie next to one another at a distance from one another, closer to one another to the extent that their narrow surfaces essentially adjoin one another without gaps. This is the case without separate clamping devices having to be used.
  • the connecting elements used according to the invention can be connecting elements that engage recesses that are made undercut in the surfaces of the pieces that face one another, the connecting elements having widening ribs that engage in the recesses.
  • the connecting elements as is known in principle from WO 2014/153574 A1, consist of two parts that are wedge-shaped and are inserted mirror-inverted into the recesses.
  • the pieces that are preferably used within the scope of the invention are plane or elongated pieces, for example in the form of panels, boards or posts that adjoin one another via narrow surfaces.
  • the narrow surfaces there can be tongues and grooves that run lengthwise, outside tongues also being considered.
  • the recesses that have been made undercut in the pieces extend transversely (perpendicularly) to the surface extension of the pieces.
  • the recesses made undercut are open toward the narrow surfaces of the pieces, via which they are to adjoin a bordering piece.
  • the mouths of the recesses lie in the narrow surfaces of the pieces, which surfaces adjoin one another in the component.
  • the connecting elements even when they consist of two parts that are made wedge-shaped, have a length that corresponds essentially to the thickness of the pieces.
  • the anchoring can be made in the form of metal sleeves with a (woodworking) thread provided outside and a thread provided inside, into which a tool can be screwed.
  • the sleeves are so-called “RAMPA” sleeves.
  • FIG. 1 shows two plane pieces of a component according to the invention that are located next to one another
  • FIG. 2 shows in an oblique view one part of the component from FIG. 1 with connecting elements inserted
  • FIG. 3 shows one part of the component from FIG. 1 in a plan view with the connecting element inserted, but not yet in the active position
  • FIG. 4 shows the part of the component from FIG. 3 with the connecting element in the active position
  • FIG. 5 shows pieces of a component that are curved and that are not yet connected to one another
  • FIG. 6 shows a detail from FIG. 5 with the inserted connecting elements in an oblique view
  • FIG. 7 shows in part the pieces of the component from FIG. 5 with the connecting element inserted, but not yet in the active position
  • FIG. 8 shows the pieces of the component from FIG. 5 with the connecting element in the active position
  • FIG. 9 shows one part of the component in a view that is similar to FIG. 6 with the connecting elements in the active position
  • FIGS. 10 to 15 show the sequence of steps when pieces are being joined to form a component
  • FIG. 16 shows a connecting element in a plan view
  • FIG. 17 shows in a view from underneath FIG. 16 the connecting element from FIG. 16 .
  • FIG. 18 shows in a view from the left of FIG. 16 the connecting element from FIG. 16 .
  • a component 1 (not yet completed) that is shown schematically in FIG. 1 and that is, for example, a component for a ceiling comprises two pieces 2 (ceiling elements) that are facing one another via their narrow surfaces 5 .
  • the narrow surfaces 5 in one piece 2 there is a groove 4 and in the other piece 2 there is a tongue 3 ( FIG. 2 ).
  • the tongue 3 can be a self-contained tongue or an outside tongue.
  • connecting elements 10 are inserted into the recesses 6 .
  • Each of the connecting elements 10 consists of two wedge-shaped parts 11 that adjoin one another via their facing wedge surfaces 12 .
  • the wedge-shaped parts 11 of the connecting elements 10 are abutted such that the thicker end of one part 11 is assigned to the thinner end of the other part 11 .
  • FIG. 3 The situation is shown in FIG. 3 . In this state of the wedge-shaped parts 11 of the connecting elements 10 , the parts 11 are arranged offset to one another.
  • FIG. 2 also shows this in an oblique view.
  • the wedge-shaped parts 11 of the connecting elements 10 abutted to one another and inserted entirely into the recesses 6 yield an external shape of the connecting elements 10 that corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the recesses 6 in the pieces 2 of the component 1 . This is shown in FIG. 4 , in which it is also shown that the connecting element 10 completely fills the recesses 6 into which it has been inserted.
  • FIG. 4 also shows that after completely forcing in the wedge-shaped part 11 that first of all ( FIG. 2 ) still projects over the large surface of the pieces 2 , the pieces 2 are pretensioned onto one another and are held in a position in which their narrow surfaces 5 adjoin one another, and the tongue 3 on one piece 2 engages in the groove 4 in the other piece 2 .
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 show that the recesses 6 are aligned transversely to the large surfaces of the pieces 2 . This means that the recesses 6 are open to the large surfaces of the pieces 2 .
  • the recesses 6 are made such that their mouths that are made narrower than the base 7 lie in the narrow surfaces 5 of the pieces 2 .
  • the recesses 6 have side surfaces 8 that pass via curves 9 into the base 7 , and the ends of the side surfaces 8 that lie in the region of the mouth can also be made curved.
  • the curves can be produced by milling.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the connecting elements 10 , when they are in their active position that is shown in FIG. 4 , entirely fill the recesses 6 in the pieces 2 , i.e., have a cross-sectional shape and size that correspond to those of the recesses 6 .
  • the connecting elements 10 which can also be called coupling strips, consist of, for example, plywood, the individual layers of the plywood lying parallel to the surface extension of the pieces 2 .
  • the individual layers of the parts 11 of the connecting elements 10 are glued to one another and can also be secured against relative movements by wooden or metal pins.
  • the connecting elements 10 can be cut down from rods (of wood) that have been profiled according to the outer contour of the connecting elements 10 and can then be divided into the parts 11 .
  • FIG. 5 shows two pieces 2 of one component 1 , which have residual stress, i.e., are curved, so that their narrow surfaces 5 do not adjoin one another, and there is a gap 13 .
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show how the parts 11 of the connecting elements 10 are inserted into the recesses 6 of the components 2 , first a part 11 still projecting above the large surface of the pieces 2 .
  • FIGS. 4 and 8 show that the connecting elements 10 have ribs 14 that widen away from one another and that are formed by the parts 11 of the connecting elements 10 .
  • the ribs 14 have side surfaces 15 that pass via curved regions 16 into the end surface 17 of the ribs 14 .
  • FIGS. 4 and 8 also show that the side surfaces 15 of the ribs 14 of the connecting elements 10 in the middle region (“wedge waist 20 ”) of the connecting elements 10 pass into one another via curved regions 18 .
  • the latter can be made as described below.
  • the wedge shape of the two parts 11 of the connecting elements 10 is chosen such that enough space remains for the insertion of the second part 11 of the connecting elements 10 when the two pieces 2 that are, for example, ceiling elements are arranged at a distance (gap 13 ) from one another (for example due to the protruding tongue 3 ) and the first wedge-shaped part 11 has already been inserted into a recess 6 of the pieces 2 (ceiling elements).
  • the first part 11 is inserted such that its thinner end points up, and the wedge surface 12 is aligned such that the second part 11 with its thinner end forward can be inserted into the recesses 6 of the pieces 2 (ceiling elements).
  • the pieces 2 (ceiling elements) are moved onto one another and pretensioned onto one another.
  • the recesses 6 have side surfaces 8 that pass via curves 9 into the base of the recesses 6 , and the ends of the side surfaces 8 that lie in the region of the mouth of the recesses 6 can also be made curved.
  • the curves 9 can be produced by milling.
  • the wedge shape and the definition of the parts 11 of the connecting elements 10 determine how large the gap 13 can be between the pieces 2 that lie next to one another and with what force the pieces 2 (ceiling elements) are pressed onto one another while the second part 11 of the connecting elements 10 is being forced in.
  • the thicknesses of the parts 11 of the connecting elements 10 in the region of the wedge waist 20 assume the ratio of 3:1.
  • the thicker end of one part 11 in the region of the mouth of the recesses 6 is three times as thick as the thinner end of the other part 11 , as is shown in, for example, FIGS. 16 to 18 .
  • the thickness on the thinner end of the parts 11 is one-fourth and the thickness on the thicker end of the parts 11 is three-fourths of the thickness of the entire wedge waist 20 .
  • Deviations of the indicated ratio of thicknesses of the parts 11 are possible (+/ ⁇ 15% or 11/16 to 13/16 of the wedge waist 20 for the thicker end, as well as 3/16 to 5/16 of the wedge waist 20 for the thinner end).
  • the wedge height 21 therefore the length of the connecting elements 10 , is, for example, 40 to 400 mm (1.5748-15.748 inches), and the thickness of the pieces 2 of the component 1 can be up to 500 mm (19.685 inches).
  • the angle that the side surfaces 8 of the recesses 6 made undercut include with one another determines the maximum distance (gap 13 ) that is allowable when the pieces 2 (ceiling elements) are being connected to form one piece 1 and the size of the forces acting on the pieces 2 (ceiling elements) and loading the latter onto one another when the second part 11 of the connecting elements 10 is being forced in.
  • this angle corresponds to the size of the increase of the thickness of the ribs 14 , therefore to the definition of the dovetail shape of the ribs 14 of the parts 11 of the connecting elements 10 (symbolized by the angle 30 in FIG. 16 ).
  • the definition of the dovetail shape of the ribs 14 of the connecting elements 10 that is determined by the angle 30 ( FIG. 16 ) should be chosen with consideration of the respectively given ratios.
  • An overly small or an overly large angle between the side surfaces 8 of the recesses 6 in certain cases has a disadvantageous effect on the maximum possible distance (gap 13 ) between the pieces 2 and the forces acting on the pieces 2 .
  • the ratios are good when the angle that the side surfaces 8 of the recesses 6 and the side surfaces of the ribs 14 of the connecting elements 10 included with one another is roughly 50 to 70°, preferably 60°.
  • FIGS. 10 to 15 it is described by way of example how a component 1 according to the invention, which encompasses at least two pieces 2 , can be produced by the pieces 2 being connected to one another, a component 1 according to the invention being produced from ceiling elements as pieces 2 .
  • FIG. 10 shows how pieces 2 in the form of two ceiling elements are arranged next to one another at a distance (gap 13 ) from one another, on the narrow surface 5 of one piece 2 (ceiling element) there being a rib 3 and in the narrow surface 5 of the other piece 2 there being a groove 4 . It is apparent from the sequence of representations of FIGS. 11 and 12 that first of all one part 11 of the connecting elements 10 is inserted into the recesses 6 of the pieces 2 (ceiling elements). As soon as the situation of FIG. 12 has been achieved, the second part 11 of the connecting element 10 is also pushed into the recesses 6 ( FIG.
  • a component 1 that consists of at least two pieces 2 that adjoin one another via their narrow surfaces 5 comprises several connecting elements 10 that pretension the pieces 2 of the component 1 onto one another.
  • the connecting elements 10 are accommodated in recesses 6 of the pieces 2 , which recesses are made undercut.
  • the recesses 6 in the pieces 2 are aligned transversely to the longitudinal extension of the narrow surfaces 5 of the pieces 2 , the mouths of the recesses 6 being open to the narrow surfaces 5 of the pieces 2 .
  • Each connecting element 10 consists of two wedge-shaped parts 11 that are arranged mirror-inverted.
  • the ribs 14 of the connecting elements 10 completely fill the recesses 6 in the pieces 2 , so that the pieces 2 are pretensioned onto one another, and the formation of a gap 13 between the pieces 2 is prevented or the closing of a preexisting gap 13 is achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
US15/778,646 2015-11-26 2016-11-21 Component and production method Active US10487495B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATGM348/2015U AT15052U1 (de) 2015-11-26 2015-11-26 Bauelement
ATGM348/2015 2015-11-26
PCT/EP2016/078337 WO2017089309A1 (de) 2015-11-26 2016-11-21 Bauelement und herstellungsverfahren

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20180355604A1 US20180355604A1 (en) 2018-12-13
US10487495B2 true US10487495B2 (en) 2019-11-26

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US (1) US10487495B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3359754B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6962918B2 (de)
AT (1) AT15052U1 (de)
DE (1) DE202016104674U1 (de)
WO (1) WO2017089309A1 (de)

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US10829929B1 (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-11-10 Greggory Hansen System and method for assembling structural insulated panels

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IT201800005662A1 (it) 2018-05-24 2019-11-24 Metodo per la realizzazione di una parete, un solaio o simile formata da una pluralità di pannelli in legno fra loro intercollegati, parete attuata con questo metodo e un elemento di connessione per pannelli in legno in particolare pannelli in legno a strati incrociati incollati o giuntati meccanicamente per la realizzazione di una parete di questo tipo
AU2020463617A1 (en) * 2020-08-14 2023-02-23 Tao Yee LAI Prefabricated construction structure
CN112982970A (zh) * 2021-01-26 2021-06-18 中国化学工程第三建设有限公司 一种构造柱、框架柱建造用防漏浆模板
AT525590A1 (de) 2021-10-25 2023-05-15 Univ Innsbruck Verbindungselement
EP4325069A1 (de) 2022-08-18 2024-02-21 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Plattensteckverbinder mit zusätzlicher verriegelung

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US20180355604A1 (en) 2018-12-13
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