Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
  • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
  • G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
  • G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
  • G03F7/031—Organic compounds not covered by group G03F7/029
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
  • C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
  • C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
  • C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D263/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D263/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D263/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by oxygen atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
  • C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
  • C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
  • C08F20/10—Esters
  • C08F20/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
  • C08F20/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
  • C08F20/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/07—Aldehydes; Ketones
  • C08K5/08—Quinones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
  • C08K5/35—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having also oxygen in the ring
  • C08K5/353—Five-membered rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
  • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
  • C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
  • C08K5/5397—Phosphine oxides
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
  • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
  • G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a liquid photo initiating compound and photopolymerizable compositions using the same.
• a photoinitiator is a substance that forms free radicals via Norrish Type I photo-fragmentation after absorbing the energy of visible or UV light, which can initiate polymerization of monomers or oligomers to provide a curing effect.
• Irgacure® 369 which is the first photoinitiator specifically designed for dark color UV ink (related patent: U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,402). Irgacure® 369 is in solid form and its structure is shown below.
• Irgacure® 369 has an outstanding photo speed and other advantages like odorless prior to and after curing. However, it suffers from poor solubility in most UV inks and thus requires additional grinding and heating processes to facilitate dissolution. Even though, Irgacure® 369 is prone to precipitate when dosage is over 4 wt % and when handled in cold areas. Irgacure® 369 has recently been shown to have reproductive toxicity and thus is under radar in EU to be prohibited from use in food contact applications.
• Ciba Specialty Corporation introduced another solid photoinitiator product, i.e., Irgacure® 379 (related patent: U.S. Pat. No. 7,247,659 B2).
• Irgacure® 379 does have improved solubility in some monomers and resins than Irgacure® 369. Still, it is not easy to use in its solid form that requires grinding and heating processes in order to dissolve into an ink composition. Furthermore, Irgacure® 379 also has reproductive toxicity.
• liquid photoinitiators include the following compounds 93, 95, 96 and 100 as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,402. But these compounds are not commercialized because their poor photospeeds as well as odor issues.
• TW 1277834 discloses a liquid photoinitiator in Example 3. Even though the liquid photoinitiator is odorless, it is not commercialized due to its poor photo speed which is about one tenth that of Irgacure® 369.
• the following compound I is also a liquid photoinitiator and has a photo speed comparable to that of Irgacure® 369. Unfortunately, the compound I has a serious odor issue after curing.
• TW 1564276 also discloses a liquid photoinitiator, i.e., the following compound IIa, which is comparable to Irgacure® 369 in terms of photo speed and is odorless prior to or after curing.
• the compound IIa has high acute oral toxicity. Besides, it is in dark-brown color which is not satisfactory for some colors.
• the present invention provides a photoinitiator derived from oxazolidine, which improves all the aforementioned defects associated conventional liquid photoinitiators for the black ink system as: (1) it becomes a liquid state at 50° C.; (2) it has a photo speed comparable to that of Irgacure® 369; (3) it is odorless prior to and after curing; and (4) it does not have acute oral toxicity. Furthermore, its light color and high purity perfectly meet the requirements of the industry regarding liquid photoinitiators. Accordingly, the present invention involves at least the objectives described below.
• An objective of the present invention is to provide a liquid photo initiating compound, which is represented by the following Formula ⁇ :
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and R 3 is H or methyl.
• Examples of C 1 -C 3 alkyl include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl.
• Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method of initiating a chemical reaction by using the aforementioned liquid photo initiating compound.
• Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a photopolymerizable composition, comprising:
• a first photoinitiator which is the aforementioned liquid photo initiating compound
• the photopolymerizable component is an olefinic unsaturated monomer, an olefinic unsaturated oligomer, or a combination thereof.
• the olefinic unsaturated monomer include acrylate-based monomers.
• the olefinic unsaturated oligomer include acrylate-based oligomers.
• the photopolymerizable composition further comprises a second photoinitiator selected from the group consisting of acylphosphine oxides, 9,10-dialkyloxyanthracene
• R is alkyl
• the photopolymerizable composition further comprises a photosensitizer selected from the group consisting of benzophenones, thioxanthones, Michler's ketones, anthraquinone, and combinations thereof.
• a photosensitizer selected from the group consisting of benzophenones, thioxanthones, Michler's ketones, anthraquinone, and combinations thereof.
• the photopolymerizable composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of pigments, amine synergists, and combinations thereof.
• the content of the first photoinitiator ranges from 0.1 wt % to 15 wt % based on the total weight of the photopolymerizable composition.
• alkyl recited in the specification (especially in the claims) includes linear, branched and/or cyclic alkyl groups.
• the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is represented by the following Formula ⁇ :
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and R 3 is H or methyl. In some embodiments of the present invention, R 1 and R 2 are independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl, and R 3 is H.
• the first photoinitiator is represented by the following Formula Ia:
• the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is liquid at a low temperature of 50° C. Therefore, it can be used as a liquid photoinitiator to trigger polymerization and crosslinking of photopolymerizable monomers or oligomers and thus, provide a curing effect.
• the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention surprisingly shows properties quite different from conventional photoinitiators and has many advantages. Specifically, the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention has excellent photo speed performance, excellent solubility and light color and is in liquid state at a low temperature of 50° C. When used in a photopolymerizable system, the influence of the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention on viscosity is very minor.
• the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention also has long storage stability.
• the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is particularly useful for low viscosity UV inks (e.g., an ink with a viscosity of less than 1000 cP), light color UV inks, color resists, black matrixes and solder masks. Furthermore, the liquid photo initiating compound of the invention has high purity that can meet the chemical substance registration regulations of nations of the world.
• the present invention also provides a photopolymerizable composition, comprising a first photoinitiator, a photopolymerizable component and an optional solvent, wherein the first photoinitiator is the compound represented by Formula I.
• the species of the photopolymerizable component is not particularly limited and can be any substance that is photopolymerizable in the presence of a photoinitiator, including the substance that is generally used in photopolymerizable systems, like UV inks.
• the photopolymerizable component is selected from the group consisting of olefinic unsaturated monomers, olefinic unsaturated oligomers and combinations thereof.
• the olefinic unsaturated monomer include but are not limited to acrylate-based monomers
• examples of the olefinic unsaturated oligomer include but are not limited to acrylate-based oligomers.
• the solvent is optional and can be any solvent that dissolves or disperses the components of the composition but does not react with the components, including those generally used in photopolymerizable systems such as UV inks.
• the solvent include but are not limited to water; aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, n-hexane, and cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, benzene, and xylene; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; esters, such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol; and ethers, such as dimethylether, diethylether, and methylethylether.
• the amount of the first photoinitiator is not particularly limited and can be optionally adjusted by persons having ordinary skill in the art.
• the amount of the photoinitiator is usually from 0.1 wt % to 15 wt %, such as 1 wt %, 2 wt %, 3 wt %, 4 wt %, 5 wt %, 6 wt %, 7 wt %, 8 wt %, or 9 wt %, based on the total weight of the photopolymerizable composition.
• the present invention is not limited thereto.
• the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention can optionally further include other components that are advantageous to the efficacy of photoinitiation, like photosensitizing components or other photo initiating components. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the photopolymerizable composition further comprises a second photoinitiator, a photosensitizer, or a combination thereof.
• the second photoinitiator can be any photo initiating component other than the first photoinitiator.
• the second photoinitiator include but are not limited to acylphosphine oxides, 9,10-dialkyloxyanthracene, and combinations thereof.
• the species of the photosensitizer is not particularly limited.
• the photosensitizer include but are not limited to benzophenones, thioxanthones, Michler's ketones, anthraquinone, and combinations thereof.
• 2,4-diethylthioxanthone product name: Chivacure® DETX
• the amount of the second photoinitiator or the photosensitizer is not particularly limited and can be optionally adjusted by persons having ordinary skill in the art depending on the need.
• the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention may optionally further comprise one or more additives to impart desired properties to the cured product of the composition.
• a pigment can be added to provide color to the cured product
• an amine synergist can be added to improve curing performance, for example, to improve the surface curing speed of composition and to enhance the mirror surface effect after curing.
• the pigment examples include titanium oxide, carbon black, cadmium red, molybdate red, chrome yellow, cadmium yellow, titanium yellow, chromium oxide, cobalt titanate green, cerulean blue, copper blue, azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone based pigments, isoindolinone based pigments, perylene based pigments, thio indigo based pigments, and metal complex pigments.
• an amine synergist is well-known to persons having ordinary skill in the art and refers to a reactive amine that can promote the photoinitiation, such as a low-molecular weight tertiary amine.
• Examples of the amine synergist include but are not limited to methyldiethanolamine, dibutylethanolamine, triethylamine and triethanolamine.
• Commercially available products of the amine synergist include Chivacure® 115, Chivacure® EPD, Chivacure® OPD, etc. available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.
• the photo initiating compound Ia was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and the results are as follows:
• the photo initiating compound Ib was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and the results are as follows:
• Mixtures I to III were prepared according to the composition provided below, and then 6 parts by weight of photoinitiator Trgacure® 369 (available from IGM), photoinitiator R-gen® 919 (available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.) or photo initiating compound Ia was added to each of the mixtures I to III.
• the obtained mixtures were ultrasonicated for 1 hour at room temperature, and the dissolution of each of Irgacure® 369, R-gen® 919 and photo initiating compound Ia was observed and described in the following Table 1.
• Mixture I a mixture of 50 parts by weight of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (product name: EM221, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) and 50 parts by weight of polyester tetraacrylate (product name: Oligomer 6325-100, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) with a viscosity of 41.2 cP
• Mixture II a mixture of 50 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (product name: EM231, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) and 50 parts by weight of polyester tetraacrylate (product name: Oligomer 6325-100, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) with a viscosity of 349.5 cP
• Mixture III a mixture of 50 parts by weight of ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (product name: EM2411, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) and 50 parts by weight of polyester tetraacrylate (product name
• the photo initiating compound Ia completely dissolved in each of the three mixtures after one-hour ultrasonication at room temperature.
• the results indicate that the photo initiating compound Ia is much better than the solid photoinitiator Irgacure® 369 and comparable to R-gen® 919 in terms of solubility.
• the photo initiating compound IA has the lowest influence on the viscosity of the mixture.
• the viscosity variation of the mixture with the photo initiating compound Ia is similar to that of the mixture without photoinitiator, and no precipitate was observed in the mixture with the photo initiating compound Ia.
• the results indicate that the photo initiating compound Ia is better than Irgacure® 369 in terms of solubility and resin compatibility and therefore is very useful.
• the black flexo formulation containing Oligomer 6325-100, EM2411 and carbon black (viscosity: 1750 cP) was mixed with a photoinitiator to carry out the photo speed performance test. Specifically, 100 parts by weight of the black flexo formulation and 2 parts by weight of Chivacure® DETX (available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.) were mixed, and then 6 parts by weight of Irgacure® 369, R-gen® 998 (available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.), R-gen® 919, or photo initiating compound Ia was added to the obtained mixture.
• Chivacure® DETX available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.
• the resultant mixture was coated on a printable pearlescent film (wet film thickness: 25.15 ⁇ m); and the coated printable pearlescent film was exposed to an UV light (Fusion F300, D-bulb, 300 W/inch) for curing.
• the photo speed performance was observed and tabulated in the following Table 3.
• photoinitiators with electron withdrawing groups such as the photo initiating compound Ia
• the photo initiating compound Ia surprisingly has an outstanding photo speed which is comparable to those of Irgacure® 369 and R-gen® 919 and significantly better than that of R-gen® 998.
• the commercially available black flexo ink without a photoinitiator was mixed with a photoinitiator to carry out the photo speed performance test, and the effect of the amount of photo initiating compound Ia on the photo speed performance was evaluated. Specifically, 100 parts by weight of the black flexo formulation and 2 parts by weight of Chivacure® DETX (photoinitiator; Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.) were mixed, and then a specific amount of Irgacure® 369 or photo initiating compound Ia as shown in Table 4 was added to the obtained mixture. The resultant mixture was coated on a PET film with primer (means for improving adhesion) (dry film thickness: 5 ⁇ m). The coated PET film was exposed to an UV light (wavelength: 365 nm; 4 W/inch) for curing. The photo speed performance in each case was observed and tabulated in the following Table 4.
• the tested black flexo ink is an ink system that is difficult to be photocured, and the photocuring efficiency can be improved by increasing the amount of the photoinitiator.
• the photoinitiator could not be completely dissolved in the ink system, making it impossible to carry out a photo speed test.
• the amount of the photo initiating compound Ia was increased, no solubility issue was observed even if the amount reaches 12 parts by weight.
• LD50 median lethal dose test was carried out for each of Irgacure® 369, R-gen® 998, R-gen® 919 and photo initiating compound Ia in accordance with Test Guidelines 423: acute oral toxicity, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
• the median lethal dose (LD50) of the photo initiating compound Ia is comparable with that of Irgacure® 369, both exceeding 5000 mg/kg, which is considered as no acute oral toxicity.
• the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention has excellent photo speed performance, excellent solubility, light color and no acute oral toxicity.
• the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is in liquid state at a low temperature of 50° C. When being used in a photopolymerizable system, the influence of the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention on viscosity is very minor.
• the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention also has long storage stability. Therefore, the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is particularly useful for low viscosity UV inks, light color UV inks, color resists, black matrixes and solder masks.

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• Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
• Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)

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