US10294152B2 - Method for producing a pozzolanic or latent-hydraulic cement clinker substitute - Google Patents

Method for producing a pozzolanic or latent-hydraulic cement clinker substitute Download PDF

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US10294152B2
US10294152B2 US15/101,572 US201415101572A US10294152B2 US 10294152 B2 US10294152 B2 US 10294152B2 US 201415101572 A US201415101572 A US 201415101572A US 10294152 B2 US10294152 B2 US 10294152B2
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fuel
mineral substance
calcining
pozzolanic
cement clinker
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US20160304395A1 (en
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Kathrin Rohloff
Michael Enders
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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Assigned to THYSSENKRUPP INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS AG reassignment THYSSENKRUPP INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ENDERS, MICHAEL, ROHLOFF, KATHRIN
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C04B7/28—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from combustion residues, e.g. ashes or slags from waste incineration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/12—Natural pozzuolanas; Natural pozzuolana cements; Artificial pozzuolanas or artificial pozzuolana cements other than those obtained from waste or combustion residues, e.g. burned clay; Treating inorganic materials to improve their pozzuolanic characteristics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C04B7/26—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from raw materials containing flue dust, i.e. fly ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
    • C04B7/44—Burning; Melting
    • C04B7/4407—Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor, e.g. use of hazardous waste as secondary fuel ; Use of particular energy sources, e.g. waste hot gases from other processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y02P40/145—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y02P40/18—Carbon capture and storage [CCS]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to methods for producing a pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement clinker substitute.
  • any clinker substitute limestone, slag sand, flyash, pozzolan
  • Clay minerals are phyllosilicates—sheet or layered silicates—which are characterized by a stacked alternation of silicon-rich, aluminum-rich, or silicon-rich and aluminum-rich layers with interlayers of hydroxide, alkali metals, or water.
  • Inexpensive clays moreover, often have impurities, as a result of elevated iron levels, for example.
  • elevated iron levels in particular may result, on calcining, in a typical red discoloration, which is apparent to start with in the calcined clay, but then also in the cement and concrete when the clay is used as a clinker substitute, this discoloration arising from the reddening trivalent iron.
  • the clay minerals In the calcining of clay, which is carried out for example in a rotary kiln, a suspension-type heat exchanger, a fluidized bed, or else in a multitier furnace, the clay minerals first of all give up surface water and then lose structural water. A consequence of this giving-up of water is the phase transition of the crystalline clay minerals into X-ray-amorphous meta-clay minerals. On further heating (500-1250° C.) of the clay minerals, the melting of the meta-clay minerals is accompanied by formation either of aluminosilicate glasses or else, in the case of an appropriate chemical/mineralogical composition, of high-temperature phases such as mullite or cristobalite.
  • the pozzolanic properties of the calcined clays are favorable for use as a clinker substitute.
  • a further advantageous solution would be to combine calcined clays with those materials—flyashes, for example—which enhance other qualities of the cement (e.g. the workability, the water demand, or the hydraulic reactivity) or which permit a higher clinker substitution rate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example method involving a calciner with internal firing.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an example method involving a calciner with external firing.
  • clay may be calcined with a fuel comprising a mineral substance at temperatures in the range of 500-1250° C., preferably of 550-1150° C., most preferably of 700-900° C., and the resulting mixture of the mineral substance from the fuel and the calcined clay may form the pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement clinker substitute, in which the fraction of mineral substance incorporated into the hydraulic cement clinker substitute of fuel may be 1-60 wt %.
  • the mixture of calcined clay and the mineral substance, such as flyash, for example may be produced during the calcining operation itself. Therefore, in some cases there may be no need either for individual constituents (calcined clay and flyash) to be stored and conveyed, or for a separate mixing operation.
  • the fuel used for calcining the clay is selected such that the fraction of mineral substance incorporated into the hydraulic cement clinker substitute by the fuel is preferably 3-55 wt %, most preferably 5-50 wt %. Ideally the fraction is 20-40 wt %.
  • the preferred fuels, or the mineral substance resulting from them preferably have a ratio of Al 2 O 3 to SiO 2 of 0.13-1.4 wt %, preferably 0.26-0.87 wt %, and a CaO content of less than 80 wt %, preferably 0.5-50 wt %.
  • Natural gas and crude oil are therefore not among the preferred fuels, since owing to the high gross calorific values of 35-50 MJ/kg and the low ash content of below 2-3 wt %, with an average energy requirement of 2-3 MJ/kg for the calcining of the calcined clay, they only introduce low ash fractions of 0.1-1 wt % from the fuel into the cement clinker substitute.
  • combustion is accompanied by release, for example, of vanadium compounds and chromium compounds, which are corrosive within the combustion units and are therefore undesirable.
  • elevated levels of chromium are a disadvantage on account of the possible Cr6 + content.
  • Fuels with elevated levels of phosphorus should likewise be avoided, or should be added only in small amounts to the regulating fuel, since the phosphorus content in cements in practice is limited to 0.5 wt %, with the consequence that elevated phosphorus levels if using sewage sludge would have a greatly detrimental effect on the overall process.
  • the properties of the pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement clinker substitute produced in accordance with the invention can be influenced in a variety of ways.
  • the ratio of calcined clay and mineral substance is determined essentially by the fuel used, with critical significance attaching to the heating value as well as to the fraction of mineral substance present in the fuel (particularly in the ash content). Since a defined quantity of heat is necessary for calcining clay, the amount of fuel to be used and hence the amount of mineral substance incorporated via the fuel are dependent substantially on the heating value of the fuel.
  • the desired amount of mineral substance may therefore be determined in a specified way through the fuel to be used or mixtures of different fuels.
  • the fraction of mineral substance supplied to the calcining operation is calculated such that in the cement clinker substitute there is a mandated mixing ratio of calcined clay to mineral substance in the range of 0.5:1-20:1.
  • Another tool for adjusting the properties of the cement clinker substitute is the particle size distribution of the fuel used for calcining, and/or the composition of the mineral substance contained in the fuel.
  • the workability, particularly the water demand of the cement clinker substitute can be adjusted by comminuting the fuel to a mandated particle size distribution.
  • the fuel more particularly coal, is used preferably with a particle size in the range of, for example, 0.025-4 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm.
  • the particle size of the clay also affects the properties of the cement clinker substitute produced in accordance with the invention.
  • the clay Before being calcined, therefore, the clay is ground to particle sizes ⁇ 10 mm, preferably ⁇ 5 mm, more particularly ⁇ 2 mm, and most preferably ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the finer the clay to be calcined the more rapid and more complete the calcining.
  • Calcining may be carried out, for example, in a suspension-type heat exchanger, a rotary kiln, a fluidized bed, or a multitier furnace.
  • a further possibility is to produce a cement by jointly grinding a cement clinker with the cement clinker substitute described in more detail above, or to mix separately comminuted clinker substitute and separately ground cement clinker to form cement.
  • a fuel 2 having appropriate properties and carbon contents is fed from a fuel store 1 , via a combustion assembly not shown in any more detail, to a calciner 5 .
  • the calciner is supplied with clay 4 provided from a clay store 3 .
  • the calciner 5 may be supplied with an additional stream 6 of material, as for example with a further fuel, or with flyash having a carbon fraction of at least 0.5 wt %.
  • the supplied clay 4 is dewatered and the structural water is expelled, and so meta-clay is produced.
  • the gas-solids suspension 7 generated in the calciner 5 is separated in a downstream cyclone 8 into a gas component 9 and a solids component, with the solids component being a pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement clinker substitute 10 , consisting of a mixture of the calcined clay and the mineral substance incorporated by the fuel.
  • the cement clinker substitute 10 is subsequently cooled in a cooler 11 , such as in a drum cooler or push grate cooler, for example. Also contemplated, however, are fluidized bed coolers, vertical coolers, screw coolers, or similar assemblies.
  • the hot outgoing air 15 obtained in the cooling operation may be discarded or may be wholly or partly recovered. Examples of possible uses for it are in an ascending tube dryer to dry the clay and/or fuel, or as regulating air in the calciner 5 . Separate utilization of the heat given off, for a further operation, in direct or indirect form, is likewise possible. The heat given off may likewise be supplied for electricity generation.
  • the cement clinker substitute is stored in a store 12 , as for example in a bunker or silo.
  • the calciner 5 is equipped with internal firing, and so the fuel 2 is combusted in the calciner 5 .
  • the fuel 2 and any further streams 6 of substances it is also conceivable for the fuel 2 and any further streams 6 of substances to be combusted in an external combustion chamber 13 , with the smoke gas produced being supplied together with the clay 4 , and together with the mineral substance produced after combustion, to the calciner 5 .
  • the calcining temperature is regulated via introduction of fresh air 14 or by mixing of fresh air and hot outgoing air 15 given off from the cooler 11 .
  • a mixing ratio of calcined clay to mineral substance in the range of 0.5:1-20:1 has proven particularly favorable. Such a ratio is achieved, for example, when utilizing a coal having a low heating value of only 4000 kJ/kg and an average ash content of 40% for firing.
  • other proportions of calcined clay to mineral substance can be established through selection of the raw materials, in accordance with the product properties desired.
  • particle size distribution it is possible to influence the desired properties of the resultant cement clinker substitute, with the fineness of the clay 4 to be calcined, and/or the fineness of the fuel used, being selected accordingly.
  • the additional streams 6 of material it is possible for further carbon-containing and carbon-free streams of material to be added, directly or after a preparatory step (classifying, grinding), with the objective of optimizing the cement clinker substitute.
  • the fuels for the operation are prepared using an assembly suitable for the purpose, such as a mill, for example, to a residue level of less than 10% at 150 ⁇ m, preferably less than 2% at 75 ⁇ m.
  • residue levels of up to 20% at 200 ⁇ m are also conceivable.
  • the grinding of the fuels should be adjusted in terms of the ash content, in order to achieve an effect which improves the cement properties.
  • the clay for calcining after being obtained from a store, is supplied to a comminuting means and to a drying means or to a combination of both.
  • Suitable for this purpose are standard assemblies for grinding and classifying.
  • the beater mill has proven particularly suitable with regard to the necessary energy consumption and the coupling of the two operations (grinding, drying).
  • particle sizes ⁇ 10 mm, preferably ⁇ 5 mm, more particularly ⁇ 2 mm, preferably ⁇ 1 mm have proven sufficient.
  • the comminuting step or classifying step can be adjusted in a targeted manner. Preheating and drying can be optimized by a further treatment in a vertical tube dryer.
  • the grinding can also be used to control the burnout, the passage of heat, and the possible reduction of iron components for color correction.
  • the temperature of material in the calcining assembly and in the product from the calcining assembly is recorded.
  • the desired operating temperature is set via introduction of oxidizing agent, e.g., air.
  • flyashes which because of elevated levels of carbon or other nonideal properties (free lime content, anhydrite content) are unsuitable, de facto or on account of the regulations, for use in cement or concrete.
  • These ashes can be fed to the calcining assembly, together with the fuel or with the clay to be calcined. Particles of coke present are oxidized in the course of the thermal treatment.
  • calcium-containing minerals such as free lime or anhydrite, which may occur in considerable proportions in calcium-rich flyashes, are depleted in relative terms through intensive mixing with the meta-clay, or, in certain cases, are incorporated directly into the vitreous flyash constituents through reaction with meta-clay particles from the flyash or the clay to be calcined.
  • a further advantage of this method is the oxidation of the carbon-rich constituents and, resulting therefrom, an additional heat source for the calcining.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
US15/101,572 2013-12-04 2014-12-04 Method for producing a pozzolanic or latent-hydraulic cement clinker substitute Active 2035-05-08 US10294152B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013113475.0 2013-12-04
DE102013113475.0A DE102013113475A1 (de) 2013-12-04 2013-12-04 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines puzzolanen oder latent-hydraulischen Zementklinkersubstituts
DE102013113475 2013-12-04
PCT/EP2014/003252 WO2015082075A1 (de) 2013-12-04 2014-12-04 Verfahren zur herstellung eines puzzolanen oder latent-hydraulischen zementklinkersubstituts

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US20160304395A1 US20160304395A1 (en) 2016-10-20
US10294152B2 true US10294152B2 (en) 2019-05-21

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US (1) US10294152B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3077343B1 (de)
CN (1) CN105793209B (de)
BR (1) BR112016012608B1 (de)
DE (1) DE102013113475A1 (de)
DK (1) DK3077343T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2015082075A1 (de)

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EP4375257A1 (de) * 2022-11-25 2024-05-29 Heidelberg Materials AG Verfahren zum kalzinieren von ton

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DE102015118391A1 (de) * 2015-10-28 2017-05-04 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zementklinkersubstituts, das vorrangig aus kalziniertem Ton besteht
CN110709366B (zh) * 2017-04-26 2022-12-23 动力工程贸易有限公司 变色火山灰的制造方法和由此获得的火山灰
CN108751754A (zh) * 2018-05-28 2018-11-06 湖南三恒建设园林工程有限公司 一种夜光水泥的配制方法及夜光路面
BE1027476B1 (de) * 2019-08-02 2021-03-05 Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag Unterstöchiometrische Calcination von mineralischen Stoffen
CN110963724A (zh) * 2019-11-28 2020-04-07 谭纪林 一种利用工业废渣垃圾焚烧固化的飞灰生产水泥超细粉的方法
DE102020112207A1 (de) * 2020-05-06 2021-11-11 Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen Verfahren zur Bereitstellung eines reaktiven Zementbestandteils oder Betonzusatzstoffs
EP4001236A1 (de) 2020-11-18 2022-05-25 HeidelbergCement AG Verfahren zur herstellung eines verbundbindemittels
EP4352436A1 (de) * 2021-09-08 2024-04-17 Loesche GmbH Tonkalzinierungsanlage
WO2024061687A1 (de) 2022-09-19 2024-03-28 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag Thermische behandlung von mineralischem material, insbesondere tonen, für die zementindustrie, insbesondere zur herstellung künstlicher puzzolane
LU103009B1 (de) * 2022-09-19 2024-03-19 Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag Thermische Behandlung von mineralischem Material, insbesondere Tonen, für die Zementindustrie, insbesondere zur Herstellung künstlicher Puzzolane

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4375257A1 (de) * 2022-11-25 2024-05-29 Heidelberg Materials AG Verfahren zum kalzinieren von ton

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EP3077343B1 (de) 2020-11-25
US20160304395A1 (en) 2016-10-20
BR112016012608A2 (de) 2017-08-08
DK3077343T3 (da) 2021-03-01
DE102013113475A1 (de) 2015-06-11
WO2015082075A1 (de) 2015-06-11
BR112016012608B1 (pt) 2022-04-05
CN105793209B (zh) 2019-01-11
EP3077343A1 (de) 2016-10-12
CN105793209A (zh) 2016-07-20

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