US10088110B2 - Pressure vessel liner venting via nanotextured surface - Google Patents

Pressure vessel liner venting via nanotextured surface Download PDF

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Publication number
US10088110B2
US10088110B2 US15/485,483 US201715485483A US10088110B2 US 10088110 B2 US10088110 B2 US 10088110B2 US 201715485483 A US201715485483 A US 201715485483A US 10088110 B2 US10088110 B2 US 10088110B2
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Prior art keywords
pressure vessel
vent
longitudinal
boss
liner
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US15/485,483
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US20170336031A1 (en
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Norman L. Newhouse
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Hexagon Technology AS
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Hexagon Technology AS
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Priority to US15/485,483 priority Critical patent/US10088110B2/en
Publication of US20170336031A1 publication Critical patent/US20170336031A1/en
Priority to US16/114,799 priority patent/US10677390B2/en
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Assigned to HEXAGON TECHNOLOGY AS reassignment HEXAGON TECHNOLOGY AS ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Assignors: NEWHOUSE, NORMAN L.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K13/00—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F4/00—Processes for removing metallic material from surfaces, not provided for in group C23F1/00 or C23F3/00
    • C23F4/04—Processes for removing metallic material from surfaces, not provided for in group C23F1/00 or C23F3/00 by physical dissolution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0621—Single wall with three layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/067—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments helically wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2154—Winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/037—Handling leaked fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/038—Detecting leaked fluid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • Pressure vessels are commonly used for containing a variety of fluids under pressure, such as storing hydrogen, oxygen, natural gas, nitrogen, propane, methane, and other fuels, for example.
  • Suitable container shell materials include laminated layers of wound fiberglass filaments or other synthetic filaments bonded together by a thermal-setting or thermoplastic resin.
  • a polymeric or other non-metallic resilient liner or bladder often is disposed within the composite shell to seal the vessel and prevent internal fluids from contacting the composite material.
  • the composite construction of the vessels provides numerous advantages such as lightness in weight and resistance to corrosion, fatigue and catastrophic failure. These attributes are due at least in part to the high specific strengths of the reinforcing fibers or filaments that are typically oriented in the direction of the principal forces in the construction of the pressure vessels.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a conventional elongated pressure vessel 10 , such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,189, entitled “Pressure vessel with damage mitigating system,” which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Vessel 10 has a main body section 18 with end sections 14 .
  • a boss 16 typically constructed of aluminum, is provided at one or both ends of the vessel 10 to provide a port for communicating with the interior of the vessel 10 .
  • the vessel 10 has an inner polymer liner 20 covered by an outer composite shell 12 .
  • composite means a fiber reinforced resin matrix material, such as a filament wound or laminated structure.
  • the composite shell 12 resolves structural loads on the vessel 10 .
  • the design of a pressure vessel 10 of this type produces a phenomenon wherein gas diffuses into the liner 20 under pressurization. When depressurization of the vessel 10 occurs, this gas diffuses into the interface or space between the liner 20 and the composite shell 12 . A pocket of gas may thereby be formed, causing the liner 20 to bulge inward.
  • laminate strain in the composite shell 12 is low, and microcracks in the shell 18 close up, effectively forming a seal; when a higher pressure is reached, those microcracks open up again, thereby allowing expulsion of the trapped pocket of gas.
  • a pressure vessel has a first end with a first boss, the first boss having a first outer surface.
  • the vessel includes a liner having a second outer surface, a shell disposed over the second outer surface, and a first vent.
  • the first vent is etched onto at least a portion of the first outer surface and at least a portion of the second outer surface.
  • the first vent includes a texture that provides a higher rate of gas flow through the first vent than through a portion of an interface of the liner and shell lacking the texture.
  • a pressure vessel has a first end and a second end.
  • the first end has a first boss having a first outer surface
  • the second end has a second boss having a second outer surface.
  • the vessel includes a liner having a third outer surface, a shell disposed over the third outer surface, a plurality of first longitudinal vents and a plurality of second longitudinal vents.
  • Each of the first longitudinal vents is etched onto a portion of the first outer surface and a portion of the third outer surface.
  • Each of the first longitudinal vents includes a texture that provides a higher rate of gas flow through the first longitudinal vent than through a portion of an interface of the liner and shell lacking the texture.
  • Each of the second longitudinal vents is etched onto a portion of the second outer surface and a portion of the third outer surface.
  • Each of the second longitudinal vents includes a texture that provides a higher rate of gas flow through the second longitudinal vent than through a portion of an interface lacking the texture.
  • At least one of first longitudinal vents is circumferentially offset around the pressure vessel from at least one of the second longitudinal vents.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a typical elongated pressure vessel.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view through one end of such a pressure vessel, taken along line 2 - 2 of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a pressure vessel incorporating an exemplary embodiment of a nano-textured liner surface vent of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view, taken along line 4 - 4 of FIG. 3 , of a first exemplary longitudinal nano-textured liner surface vent at the interface of the liner and composite shell.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of an elongated pressure vessel incorporating exemplary arrangements of longitudinal nano-textured liner surface vents.
  • FIGS. 6( a )-6( i ) are photographs showing topographical features of exemplary nano-textured liner surface vents.
  • This disclosure relates to providing a vent path to prevent gas and pressure build up between the liner 20 ′ and the composite shell 12 of a pressure vessel 10 ′.
  • This vent path allows gas, such as hydrogen, to escape at a steadier rate, preventing leak detector disturbances.
  • the disclosed vent path prevents the liner 20 ′ from bulging or buckling inwardly, thereby preventing localized weakening that may result in shorter life of the liner 20 ′.
  • Exemplary embodiments of such a vent path are provided as longitudinal vents 22 of FIGS. 3-5 . As shown in FIG. 3 , an end 22 a of longitudinal vent 22 adjacent boss 16 is open to the atmosphere.
  • a method of forming a pressure vessel 10 ′ includes mounting a boss 16 on a mandrel (not shown) and allowing a fluid polymer material for liner 20 ′ to flow around flange 32 and into grooves 34 of boss 16 .
  • the liner material then solidifies, thereby forming liner 20 ′, which is mechanically interlocked with boss 16 . Accordingly, even under extreme pressure conditions, separation of liner 20 ′ from boss 16 is prevented.
  • the liner 20 ′ can be made of plastic, elastomers, or other polymers, and can be manufactured by compression molding, blow molding, injection molding or any other generally known technique.
  • the liner 20 ′ can include other materials, including but not limited to metals such as steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, stainless steel, and any alloys thereof. Suitable metals can be generally characterized as having a high modulus of elasticity.
  • the liner 20 ′ is formed of blow molded high density polyethylene (HDPE).
  • one or more vents 22 are etched onto at least a portion of outer surface 24 of the liner 20 ′ and at least a portion of the outer surface of boss 16 ′.
  • the etching provides a vent 22 having a rough surface texture at the liner and shell interface 26 , wherein the texture provides a higher rate of gas flow through the vent 22 than through a portion of interface 26 lacking the texture. Vent 22 thereby providing a tortuous pathway along the roughened surface 24 of liner 20 ′ for gas to escape from interface 26 between liner 20 ′ and shell 12 .
  • An optional auxiliary outer layer may also be formed on shell 12 .
  • each vent 22 extends from a boss 16 ′ at least to center 30 of pressure vessel 10 ′.
  • a vent 22 may extend from a first boss 16 a ′ all the way to a second boss 16 b ′.
  • an etched vent surface may be provided substantially over an entire surface 24 of liner 20 ′ facing shell 12 , rather than along longitudinal pathways.
  • an end of vent 22 a is exposed to the atmosphere outside of pressure vessel 10 ′.
  • vent 22 defines a tortuous path on the etched surface portion of surface 24 , through which fluid at the interface 26 between shell 12 and the underlying liner 20 ′ and boss 16 ′ can travel to exhaust at vent end 22 a to the atmosphere.
  • Vent 22 is formed by laser, chemical, or mechanical etching, for example, to modify at least portions of the outer surface 24 of the liner 20 ′ and the outer surface of the boss 16 ′.
  • about three to about four laser etched vents 22 are provided for a pressure vessel 10 ′.
  • the use of more or fewer vents 22 on a pressure vessel is also contemplated.
  • Outer shell 12 is formed surrounding the liner 20 ′ and at least a portion of flange 32 of boss 16 ′.
  • Suitable materials for shell 12 include a composite of laminated layers of wound fiberglass fibers or filaments or other synthetic filaments bonded together by a thermal-setting or thermoplastic resin.
  • the fiber may be fiberglass, aramid, carbon, graphite, or any other generally known fibrous reinforcing material or combination of fibrous reinforcing materials.
  • the resin matrix used may be epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, thermoplastic or any other suitable resinous material capable of providing fiber to fiber bonding, fiber layer to layer bonding, and the fragmentation resistance required for the particular application in which the vessel is to be used.
  • a dispensing head for the fibers moves in such a way as to wrap the fiber on the liner 20 ′ in a desired pattern.
  • the vessel 10 ′ is cylindrical, rather than spherical, fiber winding is normally applied in both a substantially longitudinal (helical) and a circumferential (hoop) wrap. This winding process is defined by a number of factors, such as resin content, fiber configuration, winding tension, and the pattern of the wrap in relation to the axis of the liner 20 ′. Details relevant to the formation of an exemplary pressure vessel are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,838,971, entitled “Filament Winding Process and Apparatus,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a single or plurality of vents 22 are provided on exterior surface 24 of liner 20 ′ to fluidly connect the interface 26 to the atmosphere via a designated pathway defined by the portion of surface 24 that is provided with a nanotexture, such as by etching.
  • longitudinal vents 22 extend from at least a boss 16 a ′ or 16 b ′ to a point near or past center 30 of the cylindrical main section 18 of the cylindrical vessel 10 ′.
  • the center 30 of the cylindrical main body section 18 is typically the most compliant (i.e., same strength; but less edge support) portion of the vessel 10 ′ and is thus the most likely area to exhibit bulging or buckling of the vessel liner 20 inwardly because of gas buildup.
  • at least one of the longitudinal vents 22 from boss 16 a and at least one of the longitudinal vents 22 from boss 16 b extends to and/or beyond the intermediate portion of the pressure vessel 10 ′ proximate center 30 .
  • an arrangement of vents 22 as shown in FIG. 5 places about twice the number of vents 22 proximate center 30 compared to the number of vents proximate end sections 14 a ′, 14 b′.
  • vents 22 are arranged so that circumferentially adjacent vents extend to opposite bosses 16 a ′, 16 b ′. In such a case, a first plurality of longitudinal vents 22 are directed to the boss 16 a ′ on one end 14 a ′ of vessel 10 ′ and a second plurality of longitudinal vents 22 are directed to the boss 16 b ′ on the opposite end 14 b ′ of vessel 10 ′.
  • the two sets of longitudinal vents 22 are alternately arranged around the circumference of vessel 10 ′ so that they extend alternately from the respective boss 16 a ′, 16 b ′ at least to center line 30 .
  • two circumferentially adjacent longitudinal vents 22 are circumferentially offset from each other and are directed to opposite ends 14 a ′, 14 b ′ of vessel 10 ′.
  • a single longitudinal vent extends from one boss 16 a ′ to the opposite boss 16 b ′.
  • pressure vessel 10 ′ has an intermediate, substantially cylindrical portion proximate center 10 .
  • a vessel 10 ′ having a length of about 24 inches to about 60 inches includes about four vents 22 having a width of about 1 ⁇ 4 inch to about 1 ⁇ 2 inch each.
  • vents 22 could be used on any vessel. While the illustrated embodiments show one or a plurality of discrete longitudinal vents 22 , it is also contemplated that a more extensive venting layer may be used, wherein more of surface 24 liner 20 ′ is provided with a nanotextured characteristic.
  • vents 22 are illustrated as including straight lines, it is contemplated that the vents 22 may alternatively or additionally include a serpentine or other shape or configuration.
  • vents 22 may be used on a pressure vessel 10 ′.
  • the vents 22 may be sized differently than in the exemplary embodiments.
  • a plurality of vents 22 for a particular pressure vessel 10 ′ may all be of the same size and shape and symmetrically placed about a circumference of pressure vessel 10 ′, it is also contemplated that vents 22 may alternatively possess a combination of different sizes, shapes, changing widths, and placements in a single pressure vessel.
  • FIGS. 6( a )-6( i ) are photographs showing topographical features of exemplary nano-textured vents 22 .
  • a texturing or etching process is completed on the outer surface 24 of liner 20 ′ and the outer surface of flange 32 and neck 28 of boss 16 to form vents 22 .
  • Such a texturing or etching process may be accomplished with sandblasting, knurling, laser light, chemicals, nano-silica particle blasting, or other means of imparting surface deformities to outer surface 24 of liner 20 ′.
  • etching processes generally remove material from a surface
  • other suitable ways of imparting surface deformities to outer surface 24 of liner 20 ′ including depositing material on outer surface 24 of liner 20 ′ to form a textured surface capable of providing a higher gas flow rate thereon compared to an adjacent surface without material deposited thereon.
  • the resulting surface of vent 22 includes a plurality of surface peaks (some of which are labeled with reference numbers 1 and 2 ) and valleys between the peaks.
  • a 5 micrometer (5,000 nanometer) length gauge is shown in FIGS. 6( a )-6( i ) .
  • each vent 22 has a surface texture in which a distance between adjacent surface peaks averages between about 5 micrometers (5,000 nanometers) and about 20 micrometers (20,000 nanometers). Because of the small scale of the textured surface, it is sometimes referred to as a “nanotextured surface.”
  • the “nanotextured surface” is to be distinguished from surfaces having macro-scale features such as machined channels and grooves.
  • the surface texture of vents 22 is fine enough that liquids such as the matrix (e.g., resin and filament) material for shell 12 does not fully penetrate or wet the surface, but rather floats on the peaks, thereby allowing a porous gas vent path 22 to remain within the valleys of the nanotextured portion of surface 24 .
  • pressure vessel 10 ′ has a first end 14 a ′ with a first boss 16 a ′, the first boss 16 a ′ having a first outer surface 38 .
  • Liner 20 ′ has a second outer surface 24 .
  • a composite shell 12 is disposed over the second outer surface 24 .
  • a first vent 22 is etched onto at least a portion of the first outer surface 38 and at least a portion of the second outer surface 24 , the first vent 22 including a texture that provides a higher rate of gas flow through the first vent 22 than through a portion of an interface 26 of the liner 20 ′ and shell 12 lacking the texture.
  • the first vent 22 includes a nanotextured portion of the first outer surface 38 and a nanotextured portion of the second outer surface 24 .
  • the first vent 22 is elongated.
  • the first vent 22 is aligned substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis 36 of the pressure vessel 10 ′.
  • the pressure vessel 10 ′ has a cylindrical portion 18 , and the first vent 22 extends at least from the cylindrical portion 18 to the first boss 16 a ′.
  • the first vent 22 extends at least to a longitudinal midpoint 30 of the pressure vessel 10 ′.
  • an end 22 a of the first vent 22 is disposed on a neck 28 of the first boss 16 a ′.
  • the end 22 a is open to the atmosphere.
  • the textures includes a plurality of peaks and valleys, and a distance between adjacent peaks is in a range between about 5 micrometers and about 20 micrometers, as illustrated in FIGS. 6( a )-6( i ) .
  • a pressure vessel 10 ′ has a first end 14 a ′ with a first boss 16 a ′ having a first outer surface 38 and a second end 14 b ′ with a second boss a 16 b ′ having a second outer surface 38 .
  • a liner 20 ′ has a third outer surface 24 .
  • a shell 12 is disposed over the third outer surface 24 .
  • a plurality of first longitudinal vents 22 is etched onto a portion of the first outer surface 38 and a portion of the third outer surface 24 , each first longitudinal vent 22 including a texture that provides a higher rate of gas flow through the first longitudinal vent 22 than through a portion of an interface 26 of the liner 20 ′ and shell 12 lacking the texture.
  • a plurality of second longitudinal vents 22 is etched onto a portion of the second outer surface 38 and a portion of the third outer surface 24 , each second longitudinal vent 22 including a texture that provides a higher rate of gas flow through the second longitudinal vent 22 than through a portion of an interface 26 of the liner 20 ′ and shell 12 lacking the texture.
  • at least one of first longitudinal vents 22 is circumferentially offset around the pressure vessel 10 ′ from at least one of the second longitudinal vents 22 .
  • at least one of the longitudinal vents 22 is aligned substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis 36 of the pressure vessel 10 ′.
  • at least one of the first and second longitudinal vents 22 includes a nanotextured portion of the third outer surface 24 .
  • the pressure vessel 10 ′ has a cylindrical portion 18 , and at least one of the first longitudinal vents 22 extends at least from the cylindrical portion 18 to the first boss 16 a ′.
  • an end 22 a of at least one of the first longitudinal vents 22 is disposed on a neck 28 of the first boss 16 ′.
  • the end 22 a is open to the atmosphere.
  • at least one of the longitudinal vents 22 extends at least to a longitudinal midpoint 30 of the pressure vessel 10 ′.
  • the textures includes a plurality of peaks and valleys, and a distance between adjacent peaks is in a range between about 5 micrometers and about 20 micrometers, as illustrated in FIGS. 6( a )-6( i ) .
  • a method for forming a pressure vessel 10 ′ includes providing a boss 16 ′ having a first outer surface 38 ; forming a liner 20 ′ in contact with the boss 16 ′, the liner 20 ′ having a second outer surface 24 ; and forming a vent 22 on the boss 16 ′ and liner 20 ′ by imparting a nanotexture on at least a portion of the first outer surface 38 and at least a portion of the second outer surface 24 .
  • imparting the nanotexture includes laser etching.
  • imparting the nanotexture includes chemical etching.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
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