US10056867B2 - Sensor control circuit and electronic apparatus - Google Patents

Sensor control circuit and electronic apparatus Download PDF

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US10056867B2
US10056867B2 US15/022,674 US201415022674A US10056867B2 US 10056867 B2 US10056867 B2 US 10056867B2 US 201415022674 A US201415022674 A US 201415022674A US 10056867 B2 US10056867 B2 US 10056867B2
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circuit
amplifier
sensor
input end
filter
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US20160233840A1 (en
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Xueyan Wang
Weiyan Zhang
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CSMC Technologies Fab2 Co Ltd
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CSMC Technologies Fab1 Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/005—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements using switched capacitors, e.g. dynamic amplifiers; using switched capacitors as resistors in differential amplifiers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/0802—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/12—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by alteration of electrical resistance
    • G01P15/123—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by alteration of electrical resistance by piezo-resistive elements, e.g. semiconductor strain gauges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/38—DC amplifiers with modulator at input and demodulator at output; Modulators or demodulators specially adapted for use in such amplifiers
    • H03F3/387—DC amplifiers with modulator at input and demodulator at output; Modulators or demodulators specially adapted for use in such amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
    • H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/45076—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier
    • H03F3/45475—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G1/00—Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
    • H03G1/0005—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal
    • H03G1/0088—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal using discontinuously variable devices, e.g. switch-operated
    • H03G1/0094—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal using discontinuously variable devices, e.g. switch-operated using switched capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
    • H03H7/075—Ladder networks, e.g. electric wave filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/165—A filter circuit coupled to the input of an amplifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/261—Amplifier which being suitable for instrumentation applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/264—An operational amplifier based integrator or transistor based integrator being used in an amplifying circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
    • H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
    • H03F2203/45138—Two or more differential amplifiers in IC-block form are combined, e.g. measuring amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
    • H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
    • H03F2203/45514—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the FBC comprising one or more switched capacitors, and being coupled between the LC and the IC

Definitions

  • the invention relates to sensor technologies, and more particularly, relates to a sensor control circuit and an electronic device.
  • the piezo-resistive acceleration sensor is extensively applied to many fields, due to a high sensitivity, a fast response, and a low electromagnetic interference.
  • an output of the sensor is a relative low voltage signal, because the signal is low, the signal of the sensor is easily submerged by noise and cannot be recovered. Even the signal is amplified first, but the amplifier generates noise itself and such noise is amplified, such that the SNR (signal to noise ratio) of the amplified signal is also not improved.
  • the SNR signal to noise ratio
  • FIG. 1 A schematic view of a control circuit of the acceleration sensor is shown as FIG. 1 , the control circuit includes an acceleration sensor 101 , an anti-aliasing filter 102 , and an amplifier 103 .
  • the control circuit of the acceleration sensor is also known as an acceleration sensor analog front end which acquires an acceleration signal by the acceleration sensor 101 , and the signal outputted by the acceleration sensor 101 is filtered and amplified by the anti-aliasing filter 102 , and the acceleration signal is amplified by the amplifier 103 and configured for subsequent operations.
  • the acceleration sensor 101 can be a piezo-resistive acceleration sensor.
  • the model of the piezo-resistive acceleration sensor is represented as one resistor bridge, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a continuous passive RC filter circuit is generally adopted to accomplish the anti-aliasing filter 102 .
  • the amplifier 103 is a proportional amplifier circuit, the gain of the proportional amplifier circuit is determined by a ratio of the output feedback resistance to the input feedback resistance.
  • Vsig represents the signal input end of the acceleration sensor 101
  • K represents the magnification time of the amplifier 103 .
  • a continuous passive RC filter circuit In order to realize a relative low bandwidth, it requires a relative large resistance and capacitance, thus usually leading to a large area of the circuit (chip). At the same time, the sensor is in a working state all the time which causes great power consumption. Because the signal amplitude is relative low, it demands a high requirement for the noise and linearity of the drive circuit, it is difficult to design.
  • the continuous active filter circuit requires using an amplifier, it consumes a large amount of current, and because the non-linearity of the amplifier itself, it causes a signal distortion, therefore, it demands a high requirement for designing the amplifier, increasing a designing difficulty.
  • both the traditional resistance proportional amplifier circuit and the switched capacitance proportional amplifier circuit will amplify the noise signal at the time of amplifying the signal, especially for the low frequency noise (1/f noise) of the amplifier itself, therefore, the SNR of the amplified signal decreases, causing the subsequent signal recovering to be more difficult.
  • the passive RC filter circuit does not have a driving capability itself, thus further causing a non-sufficient sampling of the post-stage amplifier circuit.
  • the common used sensor control circuit has problems such as non-sufficient sampling, circuit having a large area, great power consumption and weak noise suppression capability.
  • a sensor control circuit includes a sensor, a filter circuit, a buffer circuit; and an amplifier circuit, wherein an output end of the sensor is connected to an input end of the filter circuit, an output end of the filter circuit is connected to an input end of the buffer circuit, and an output end of the buffer circuit is connected to an input end of the amplifier circuit.
  • the sensor control circuit further includes a pulse modulation switch configured to control the sensor and the filter circuit to work intermittently.
  • the filter circuit is an anti-aliasing low frequency filter.
  • the buffer circuit is a differential buffer circuit with offset compensation
  • the buffer circuit includes a first amplifier and a second amplifier, the first amplifier and the second amplifier are respectively connected in a form of a negative feedback.
  • the sensor control circuit further includes a first capacitance connected between a negative input end of the first amplifier and an output end of the first amplifier, and a second capacitance connected between a negative input end of the second amplifier and an output end of the second amplifier, wherein the first capacitance and the second capacitance form an auto-zero structure.
  • the buffer circuit has high input impedance and low output impedance.
  • the amplifier circuit is a gain controllable switched capacitor integrator circuit.
  • the switched capacitor integrator circuit includes a main amplifier, a chopper circuit connected between an input end of the switched capacitor integrator circuit and an input end of the main amplifier, and/or a sampling capacitance connected between an input end of the main amplifier and an output end of the main amplifier, wherein the chopper circuit is configured to reduce a low frequency noise and an input offset voltage of the input end of the main amplifier; and the sampling capacitance forms an auto-zero structure to reduce the input offset voltage of the input end of the main amplifier.
  • the senor is an acceleration sensor.
  • An electronic device includes above described sensor control circuit.
  • the driving capability can be enhanced at some extent, thus ensuring a full sampling of the signal which is outputted by the filter circuit by the post-stage amplifier circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a conventional acceleration sensor control circuit
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an acceleration sensor control circuit according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a sensor and a filter of the sensor control circuit of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a buffer circuit of the sensor control circuit of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an amplifier circuit of the sensor control circuit of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a chopper circuit of the circuit of FIG. 5 .
  • the sensor control circuit according to the embodiment includes a sensor 201 , a filter circuit 202 , a buffer circuit 203 , and an amplifier circuit 204 .
  • An output end of the sensor 201 is connected to an input end of the filter circuit 202
  • an output end of the filter circuit 202 is connected to an input end of the buffer circuit 203
  • an output end of the buffer circuit 203 is connected to an input end of the amplifier circuit 204 .
  • Vsig represents a signal input end of the sensor 201
  • K represents a magnification of the amplifier circuit 204 .
  • the signal processing flow of the sensor control circuit i.e. the signal processing flow of the sensor front end
  • the sensor 201 translates the acceleration into a varying voltage which is proportional to the acceleration; the voltage passes through the filter circuit (an anti-aliasing low frequency filter circuit, for example) 202 , and passes through the buffer circuit 203 and is outputted to the post-stage magnifying circuit (a switched capacitor integrator circuit) 204 to be magnified.
  • the sensor control circuit according to the embodiment is mainly employed to perform an amplifying process to the analog signal collected by the sensor. Circuits such as an analog to digital conversion circuit can be thereafter connected to the amplifier circuit 204 for subsequent processing.
  • the senor 201 can be an acceleration sensor; further, the sensor 201 is a piezo-resistive acceleration sensor.
  • the sensor 201 can be sensors of other type besides the acceleration sensor, such as a temperature sensor, and a photosensitive sensor and so on, which is not limited herein.
  • the sensor 201 is a piezo-resistive acceleration sensor
  • the filter circuit 202 is an anti-aliasing low frequency filter.
  • the overall circuit diagram of the sensor 201 and the filter circuit 202 is shown as FIG. 3 .
  • the sensor 201 (a piezo-resistive acceleration sensor) includes resistances R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 , which forms a resistor bridge.
  • the filter circuit 202 (an anti-aliasing low frequency filter) is a passive RC filter circuit, and includes resistances R 5 and R 6 , and a capacitance Cf.
  • the capacitance Cf is a filtering capacitance
  • the Vcf in FIG. 3 represents a voltage across the capacitance Cf.
  • a pulse modulation switch configured to control the sensor 201 and the filter circuit 202 is further included.
  • the on and off of the pulse modulation switch can be controlled by a periodic pulse signal which regulate and control the switch.
  • the sensor 201 and the filter circuit 202 can intermittently work under a control of the pulse modulation switch.
  • the modulation switch is constituted by 3 switches SW 1 (the periodic pulse signal is not shown in the figure).
  • various ways in the prior art can be adopted to accomplish, which is not limited herein.
  • the higher order active filter is constituted by an operational amplifier, many resistances and many capacitances, the circuit is complex, and a mismatch of the components can lead to a signal distortion. Further, the operational amplifier will consume a large amount of current.
  • a passive RC filter circuit is adopted, it avoids a distortion and further reduces power consumption, when compared to adopting an active filter circuit.
  • one periodic pulse signal can be adopted by the pulse modulation switch to control the sensor 201 and the filter circuit 202 to work, i.e. the sensor 201 and the filter circuit 202 can work intermittently.
  • the embodiment adopts a periodic pulse signal to control the work of the sensor 201 and the filter circuit 202 , not only reduce the power consumption (energy conservation), but also obtain a relative low bandwidth by using a resistance and a capacitance of the same magnitude (comparing to a continuous passive RC filter).
  • the duty ratio of the periodic pulse signal affects the actual bandwidth. When the duty ratio is lower, the resistance and capacitance employed to achieve a same bandwidth is less, the area and power consumption of the circuit is less.
  • the buffer circuit 203 adopts a buffer circuit with offset compensation.
  • the buffer circuit includes two amplifiers (the first amplifier A 1 and the second amplifier A 2 ), the two amplifiers are respectively connected in a form of a negative feedback to constitute a differential buffer circuit, as shown in FIG. 4 . Because the output signal of the sensor 201 is a differential signal, therefore, two amplifiers are required to be respectively connected in the form of a negative feedback to form a differential buffer circuit.
  • a first capacitance C 1 is connected between a negative input end of the first amplifier A 1 and an output end of the first amplifier A 1 .
  • a second capacitance C 2 is connected between a negative input end of the second amplifier A 2 and an output end of the second amplifier A 2 .
  • the offset voltage of the amplifier of the buffer circuit changes according to the voltage and the temperature, which is the main low frequency noise. It will be doped in the signal and amplified in the post-stage amplifier circuit (such as differential circuit) together with the signal, and finally reducing the effective signal in the output end, narrowing the dynamic range of the circuit and reducing the SNR.
  • the offset voltage in the amplifier circuit of the buffer circuit can be removed by adopting the auto-zero technology, and the SNR is improved. That is, the noise restraining capability is enhanced.
  • the buffer circuit includes amplifiers A 1 and A 2 , six transistors P 1 , four transistors P 2 , and two capacitances C 1 and C 2 , the specific connection relationship is shown as FIG. 4 .
  • the parameters of the components are configured to enable the buffer circuit to have high input impedance and low output impedance.
  • the high input impedance can reduce a charge leakage of the filtering capacitance Cf of the filter circuit 202 , and keeps the voltage across the capacitance Cf unchanged.
  • the low output impedance and the sampling capacitance of the post-stage amplifier circuit can form a relative less time constant, ensuring the sampling capacitance of the amplifier circuit can be fully charged in one sampling period. That is to say, because the buffer circuit 203 provides high input impedance and low output impedance, it can ensure that the signal outputted by the filter circuit 202 can be fully sampled by the post-stage amplifier circuit 204 .
  • the amplifier circuit 204 is shown as in FIG. 5 , a gain controllable switched capacitor integrator circuit is adopted.
  • the gain controllable switched capacitor integrator circuit adopts a full differential structure, as shown in FIG. 5 , it includes one amplifier A 3 , several switches, six capacitances (i.e. C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , C 6 , C 7 and C 8 ), and three chopper circuits (i.e. CHP 1 , CHP 2 and CHP 3 ), the specific circuit configuration of the chopper circuit is shown as in FIG. 6 .
  • the gain controllable switched capacitor integrator circuit according the embodiment includes components and a connection relationship same as that shown in FIG. 5 , Vin represents an input end, and Vout represents an output end.
  • the amplifier circuit 204 is a gain controllable switched capacitor integrator circuit, the signal gain is determined by the capacitance ratio and the integration period.
  • the magnification time of the signal can be changed by controlling the a clock period of the integrated circuit, when the period is constant, the magnification time is constant and cannot be influenced by a change of the technology, and will not change according to a change of the voltage and the temperature.
  • the main amplifier A 3 adopts a chopping technology, i.e. a chopper circuit CHP 1 is introduced prior to the main amplifier A 3 , therefore, the low frequency noise (mainly the 1/f noise) in the circuit and the input offset voltage can be reduced.
  • the chopping technology is a modulation technology, and configured to modulate the low frequency signal to a high frequency signal. Because the integrator itself is equivalent to a low-pass network, therefore, the noise signal which is modulated to a high frequency can be finally attenuated when it passes through the integrator (low-pass network).
  • the integrated capacitance C 8 does not adopt a chopping technology to increase a frequency of the chopping clock, it avoids a repeative charge and discharge to the capacitance C 8 every time when the chopping is performed to the amplifier. According to Nyquist sampling theorem, the higher noise signal can be modulated by the higher chopping clock frequency, and finally will be removed by filtering.
  • the gain controllable switched capacitor integrator circuit according to the embodiment further adopts the auto-zero technology, i.e. the capacitance C 7 is connected between an input end of the main amplifier A 3 and an output end of the main amplifier A 3 to sample the offset voltages of the amplifier A 3 itself and stores the offset voltage in the sampling capacitance C 7 , causing the output of the buffer circuit to be zero when the input signal is zero.
  • the two technologies chopping technology and auto-zero technology cooperatively, a target of completely removing the direct current offset voltage is finally reached.
  • the chopping technology can be compensated by adjusting the auto-zero sampling capacitance C 7 .
  • the sensor control circuit can improve a driving capability by virtue of providing a buffer circuit 203 , and ensures a full sampling of the signal by the post-stage amplifier circuit 204 , the signal is outputted by the filter circuit 202 .
  • the working hours of the sensor 201 and the filter circuit 202 are controlled (i.e. the intermittently work of the sensor 201 and the filter circuit 202 are controlled by the pulse modulation switch), therefore, using a relative less resistance and capacitance under the condition of a same bandwidth can be achieved, thus the circuit area can be saved, and the power consumption can be reduced.
  • the magnification time can be easily controlled, at the same time, because the offset voltage in the amplifier of the amplifier circuit 204 is removed by adopting the chopping technology and the auto-zero technology, the noise can be reduced, the recovering difficulty of the signal can be reduced. Further, the magnification time is not influenced by the change of the voltage, the temperature, and the technology.
  • the sensor control circuit according to the embodiment of the invention has advantages such as full sampling, small circuit area, less power consumption, and strong noise suppression capability.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides an electronic device which adopts above described sensor control circuit.
  • the employed sensor control circuit has advantages such as small circuit area, less power consumption, and strong noise suppressing capability, therefore, the electronic device also has above described advantages, and can process a better performance.
  • the electronic device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a netbook, a game machine, a television, a VCD (video compact disc), a DVD (digital video disk), a navigator, a camera, a video camera, a recording pen, a MP3, a MP4, and any other electronic products or devices.
  • VCD video compact disc
  • DVD digital video disk

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US15/022,674 2013-12-04 2014-12-01 Sensor control circuit and electronic apparatus Active 2035-06-12 US10056867B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201310647877.5 2013-12-04
CN201310647877 2013-12-04
CN201310647877.5A CN104698871B (zh) 2013-12-04 2013-12-04 一种传感器控制电路和电子装置
PCT/CN2014/092723 WO2015081828A1 (zh) 2013-12-04 2014-12-01 传感器控制电路和电子装置

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US20160233840A1 US20160233840A1 (en) 2016-08-11
US10056867B2 true US10056867B2 (en) 2018-08-21

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EP (1) EP3079133B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6273018B2 (ja)
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JP6581443B2 (ja) * 2015-09-04 2019-09-25 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 センサ装置
CN107314767B (zh) * 2017-05-16 2020-04-07 泉州味盛食品有限公司 一种用于运动检测的三轴加速度数据的均值滤波装置
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