UA144557U - METHOD OF INCREASING NITROGEN FIXATION ACTIVITY AND SOY PRODUCTIVITY - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of increasing nitrogen fixation activity and soybean productivity includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a microbial preparation, which includes specially prepared peat with bacterial cells of Bradyrhizobium japonicum multiplied in it, physiologically active substances of biological origin, microelements in chelating forms and compounds. The seeds are treated with a disinfectant and foliar feeding of plants in the budding phase. 14-20 days before the planned date of sowing the seeds are treated with a fungicidal pesticide containing 25 g / l of fludioxonil and 10 g / l of metalaxyl-M, and on the day of sowing - with a microbiological preparation. Sowing is carried out in a row way by heating the soil to a depth of 10 cm to 12-14 ° C. Additionally, in the grain filling phase, foliar fertilization of plants with a solution of growth stimulant (250 l / ha) is carried out, which includes a complete set of amino acids and peptides at the rate of 1 l / ha.

Description

The useful model belongs to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, namely to methods of growing agricultural plants.

A known analogue (patent of Ukraine Mo 103991, publ. 25.12.2013, bull. Mo 24), which includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the bacterial strain Vgaduti2obisht |aropisit 1MV B-7200 with subsequent spraying of soybean crops in the phase of bean formation with biological preparation Kladostim - 1 in the amount of 100 ml/ha using a working liquid in the amount of 300 l/ha, where MzoRzoKzo mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil before sowing soybean seeds.

The disadvantage of the known analogue is that it does not provide for the use of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds to prevent damage to them during the germination period and plants during the growing season by a complex of phytopathogenic microorganisms - in connection with this, grain yield losses due to diseases can reach 30-40 95. Therefore, one of the most important components of soybean cultivation technology is its protection from phytopathogenic organisms. In addition, a one-time spraying of soybean crops, in the phase of bean formation, with biological preparation Kladostim - 1 (100 ml/ha), which is a growth stimulator containing a complex of phytohormones and trace elements, is hardly sufficient.

A known analogue (patent of Ukraine Mo 108435, publ. 27.04.2015, bull. Mo 8), which includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with an inoculant in combination with a poison and a plant growth stimulator, in which the main fertilizer is applied in autumn under plowing at the rate of MeoRbvo, and nitrogen in form M" for pre-sowing cultivation, carry out pre-sowing seed treatment with a poison

Vitavax 200 FFf (2.5 l/t), in combination with the bacterial preparation Optimize (2.8 l/) and complex fertilizer TENSO Cocktail (0.1 l/t) and two foliar feedings are applied in the phases of budding and formation of green beans ultra-concentrated fertilizer

Crompax (0.5 l/ha).

The disadvantage of the well-known analogue is the relatively high level of application of mineral fertilizers and the use of the Vitavax 200 FF protoxin, which, despite the recommendation for the treatment of pea seeds, is not included in the "List of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use in

Ukraine" on soybean culture. The use of the bacterial preparation Optimize (2.8 l/t) for the pre-sowing inoculation of soybean seeds, according to the cost of processing a unit of seed material, is more than three times higher than the cost compared to the use of effective bacterial preparations

From domestic production.

The task of a useful model is a way to increase the activity of nitrogen fixation and productivity of soybeans, which, due to pre-sowing treatment of seeds and two foliar feedings of plants in the most important periods of vegetation (phases of budding and grain filling), would ensure an increase in legume-rhizobial symbiosis, the level of nitrogen fixation and productivity of soybeans by high quality seeds.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of increasing the activity of nitrogen fixation and productivity of soybeans, which includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a microbial preparation, which includes specially prepared peat with bacterial cells multiplied in it, physiologically active substances of biological origin, trace elements in chelated form and compounds of trace elements in starting concentrations, treatment of seeds with a poisoner and foliar feeding of plants in the budding phase, according to a useful model, 14-20 days before the planned sowing date, the seeds are treated with a fungicidal poisoner with a composition of 25 g/l fludioxonil and 10 g/l metalaxyl-M , and on the day of sowing - with a microbiological preparation, at the same time, sowing is carried out in rows by heating the soil to a depth of 10 cm to 12-14 C and, additionally, in the phase of grain pouring - foliar feeding of plants with a growth stimulator solution (250 l/ha) in the composition which includes a complete set of amino acids and peptides from the calculation nku 1 l/ha.

To implement the method, the following were used: 1. Rhizohumin is a biofertilizer used for the bacteriization of soybean seeds in order to improve nitrogen nutrition of plants and increase crop productivity. The composition of the drug includes: specially prepared peat with bacterial cells multiplied in it Vgadugpigobisht |iaropisit M-8 or 46; physiologically active substances of biological origin (auxins, cytokinins, amino acids, humic acids); microelements in chelated form and compounds of microelements in starting concentrations. 2. Bioglobin is a growth stimulator based on human or animal placenta.

The use of Bioglobin in crop production is due to the presence in it of a complete set of amino acids and peptides, which allow plants to normalize and increase the synthesis of all necessary proteins, as a result of which the yield of almost all types of agricultural crops increases by 1.5-2 times and the quality of the grown products increases. At the same time, the resistance of plants and fruits to harmful environmental factors (temperature, infection, drought, etc.) and the preservation of the obtained products (fruits, seeds,

tubers, etc.). The positive effect of the drug is manifested even with one pre-sowing treatment of seeds or one-time spraying of crops, but the greatest effect is provided by a combination of both methods. 3. Poisoner Maksym Hi! 035 E5. Active substance content: 25 g/l fludioxonil and 10 g/l metalaxyl-M. Chemical group - phenylpyrroles, phenylamides. The main advantages of the drug: a drug of systemic and contact action for combating soil and seed infections and seedling diseases, preserves the optimal density of healthy young plants, no negative effect on the sowing quality of seeds even a year after treatment, a modern preparation form that is reliably retained on the seeds, systemic action to destroy internal infection.

The method is carried out as follows.

The predecessor of soy is winter wheat. The main tillage of the soil consists of disking the area of AG-2.4-2.0 immediately after harvesting the predecessor and after 20-25 days of 22-25 cm plowing. In the early spring period - closing the moisture with heavy harrows in 2 rows across the future sowing and pre-sowing cultivation to a depth of 5-6 cm. Before sowing (in 14-20 days), soybean seeds are treated with the Maxim ХИ 035 E5 poison (Il/g), and on the day of sowing with the nitrogen-fixing biopreparation Rhyzohumin (2 kg/t), soybean crops during the growing season treated twice (in the phase of budding and grain filling) with a solution (250 l/ha) of growth stimulator Bioglobin (Il/ha).

The results of the study of the root system of soybean plants in variants with pre-sowing inoculation of B. iaropisit seeds (preparation Rhyzogumin) and without its application showed changes in the formation of the functional symbiotic apparatus of the culture (Table 1). It can be assumed that it was partly created by races of nodule bacteria present in the soil.

The counting of nodules during the formation of beans showed that their number significantly increased compared to the first selection, both in the control variant and in the variant with the use of biological preparations. This gives reason to believe that the growth of nodules in soybeans continues even during the formation of beans. In all phases of development, a greater number of nodules were formed in the variants with pre-sowing seed sterilization compared to the control (without inoculation). Using

Bioglobin for pre-sowing seed treatment also contributes to the formation of nodules to some extent, but this occurs at the expense of representatives of the aboriginal population (grain filling phase).

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Table 1

The dynamics of the development of nodules on the roots of soybean plants due to the effects of drugs and methods of their application on average for 2016-2019.

Processing of seeds Processing of plants according to vegetation

FakorA; | (Fatorvu(yuoligi

Control of bizohumin kt oglobi rioglovin (o li)

Rhyzogumno about (axis processing drugs | 327 | 459 | 574

In kg/g)x Bioglobin (1.0 l/t)

Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Rhizogumin in combination with a growth stimulator shows a tendency to increase nodulation activity, however, the indicators are lower than the corresponding values obtained when inoculation with Rhizogumin alone is used.

The highest and most stable indicators of the number of nodules on the root of a soybean plant were noted in the variant with the use of a plant growth stimulator in the phase of budding and grain pouring against the background of inoculated seeds. Thus, their number in this variant exceeded the studied indicator in plants bacterized with B. iaropisht M-8 in the phases of budding - by 16.8 95, flowering - by 18.4 95, pod formation - by 11.2 9.

A similar trend was observed in the indicator of the mass of dried nodules, which was the highest in the experiment using the bacteriization of seeds with Rhizogumin (Table 2).

Table 2

The formation of nodule masses on root soybeans under the action of Rhizogumin and plant growth and development stimulator, on average for 2016-2019.

Processing of seeds Processing of plants according to vegetation

FakorA; | (fakorv of salt

Control bizohumin kt

Bioglobin (1.0 u phase butonization | 016 177 020 | 052 li)

Ryzohumn o.o.o. szorobkyparaparatami 17 0MYA | oM4 | 035

In bulk, kg/t) w-- Bioglobin (1.0 l/t)

This regularity was observed throughout the growing season of plants in all years of research.

In the ontogeny of plants of all variants of the experiment, the mass of nodules increased. This was especially noticeable in the second half of the growing season.

Against the background of seed inoculation, nodule organogenesis was enhanced under the condition of using SPP for foliar treatment of soybean plants in the budding and bean filling phase (by 29 95 - in the budding phase, 35 95 - in the flowering phase, and by 38 95 - in the grain filling phase).

It was established that the use together with inoculation of a plant growth stimulant did not lead to a significant increase in the mass of nodules compared to the control, where the seeds were not treated. At the same time, a significant decrease of this indicator was observed compared to only one inoculation. This indicates the suppressive effect of the combined pre-sowing application of the studied preparations for seed treatment in relation to the formation of the number and mass of nodules on the plant.

The most important criterion for evaluating leguminous-rhizobial symbiosis is the nitrogen-fixing activity of root nodules of a leguminous plant, which changed during the growing season, and its peak falls on the flowering phase (Table 3).

Table C

Dynamics of the symbiotic activity of nitrogen fixation under the action of Rhizohumin and Bioglobin, on average for 2016-2019. Seeds Treatment of plants during the growing season (C2gNurplant factor per hour of grain budding

CONTROL

Rhizohumin of fazubutonization 17710053 | 091 | 060 (2 kg/t) without treatment with drugs. | 032 | 069 | 039

Bioglobin (1.0 l) with full-phase butonization beer 17111033 | 061 | 027 kg/t) - Bioglobin (1.0 l/t)

The study of the functioning of the soybean symbiotic apparatus proved that in the control variant without pre-sowing seed treatment, the indicators of nitrogenase activity were the lowest in all phases of growth and development of soybean plants.

Due to the action of the inoculant, its increase during the growing season compared to the control by 2.3-2.6 times was noted. Nitrogen was also intensively fixed by plants grown from seeds treated with a plant growth and development stimulator on the day of sowing.

Nitrogen-fixing activity under its action was higher than plants of the control variant by 60, 92, and 12995, respectively, according to the phases of soybean plant development. It was found that in the areas where the bacterial preparation and the growth stimulator were applied separately in variants, the value of this indicator is greater compared to their complex interaction.

It should be noted that the weather conditions during the years of research varied both in terms of temperature and amount of precipitation, but the features of the effect of bacteriization on the course of the nitrogen fixation process are preserved.

The active functioning of leguminous-rhizobial symbiosis was noted under the condition of time-separated use of drugs (Rhizogumin for seed treatment, and SRR during two-time treatment of plants during the growing season). In this variant, indicators of symbiotic activity of soybean plants reached the highest value, compared to other variants of the experiment.

Thus, the formation and functioning of the nodulation apparatus of soybeans is actively supported by the use of the microbial preparation Rhizogumin for seed inoculation, and is also enhanced when the crops are treated with a growth stimulator solution during critical periods of plant development.

Under the influence of bacteria, an active symbiotic apparatus is formed, which contributes to nitrogen fixation and has a positive effect on soybean yield. According to the research results, the maximum increase in soybean yield (2.55 t/ha) was obtained with the use of the inoculant

Rhizohumin followed by treatment of plants with a growth stimulator in the phase of budding and pouring of beans - the productivity of soybean seeds increased by 25.6 95 compared to the control (Table 4).

Table 4

Soybean yield under the influence of a microbial preparation and a plant growth stimulator, t/ha

Processing Plant processing of povegetatsi seeds (fakorv) 0173-31 Years 0 Average! (factor A) 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | J.:/K Kosu

CONTROL

Rhizohumin (2 kg/t)

Bioglobin (1.0 l)

Rhizohumin (20 kg) of schuphazubutonization 11243 | 229 | 2IZ | 20 | 221

Bioglobin (1.0 l/t) by MtshI 00

NIRbo", t/ha by factor B 0.066 | 0.046 | 0.151 | 0163

Such a result is probably a consequence of the active functioning of leguminous-rhizobial symbiosis in the root system of these plants, as it is known that there is a dependence between seed productivity and the effectiveness of the functioning of leguminous-rhizobial symbiosis.

These determinations of the quality of the soybean crop indicate the expediency of pre-sowing seed inoculation with a microbial preparation followed by two-time treatment of plants (in the phase of budding and pouring of grain), a solution of a plant growth stimulator, which promotes growth to control the protein and oil content in the seeds of the crop by 3.1 95 and 0.4 95, respectively, and their collection at 0.263 and 0.121 t/ha (Table 10...5).

Table 5

The quality of the soybean crop under the influence of a microbial preparation and a plant growth stimulator, t/ha (factor A) c) or MISTOLLY, tight t/ha (2 kg/) (1.0 l/t)

Rhizohumin for treatment with preparations 017 363 | 209 | 0771 | 0443 whole grains kg/t) and Bioglobin (1.0 l/t)

The task of the proposed useful model is to increase the activity of nitrogen fixation and the productivity of soybeans, and the fact that the proposed system of measures ensures:

increasing the intensity of the formation and functioning of leguminous-rhizobial symbiosis; obtaining soybean yield at the level of 2.55 t/ha - increase in yield to control - 0.52 t/ha (25.6 b); growth of protein content in grain to 38.9 95 and oil - to 21.8 95, which is more than the absolute control by 3.1 and 0.4 95, respectively.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of increasing the activity of nitrogen fixation and productivity of soybeans, which includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a microbial preparation, which includes specially prepared peat with bacterial cells multiplied in it Vgadugpigobisht |aropisite, physiologically active substances of biological origin, microelements in chelated form and compounds of microelements in starting concentrations, treatment of seeds with a poisoner and foliar feeding of plants in the budding phase, which differs in that 14-20 days before the planned sowing date, the seeds are treated with a fungicidal poisoner with a composition of 25 g/l fludioxonil and 10 g/l metalaxyl-M, and in the day of sowing - with a microbiological preparation, while sowing is carried out in a row method when the soil is warmed to a depth of 10 cm to 12-14 C and, additionally, in the grain pouring phase - foliar feeding of plants with a growth stimulator solution (250 l/ha), which includes a complete set of amino acids and peptides at the rate of 1 l/ha.