UA140287U - METHOD OF OBTAINING HIGH SHEET SURFACE INDICATIONS WHEN GROWING ONIONS BY SPRAY WATERING METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of obtaining high leaf surface performance in the cultivation of onions by drip irrigation includes basic and pre-sowing tillage, sowing, care of crops and harvesting. The pre-irrigation norm of soil moisture of 90% of HB is used; chemical protection of plants is carried out.

Description

The useful model belongs to the field of agriculture, in particular, it concerns the cultivation of vegetable crops.

The well-known method of growing onions consists in the fact that it includes the main and pre-sowing soil cultivation, sowing, crop care and harvesting (11.

The disadvantages of this method are that the onion crop is obtained at high material and energy costs.

The task of a useful model is to develop a method of increasing the parameters of the leaf surface when growing onions.

The problem is solved by the fact that the pre-irrigation norm of soil moisture 90 95 is used

HB; chemical protection of plants is carried out.

To explain the results of the experiments, a drawing is attached: The height of onion plants depending on the regime of irrigation and protection of plants in the phase of leaf laying, cm (average for 2014-2016).

The scheme of the experiment envisages studying the following factors and their variants:

Factor A (irrigation mode) maintenance of humidity in the soil layer 0-50 cm at the level: 70, 80 and 90 95 from HB.

Factor B (plant protection): without protection (control); biological protection against pests and diseases (insecticides - Lepidocid, Bitoxybacillin,

Dendrobacillin; fungicides - Rizoplan, Agat-25); chemical protection against pests and diseases (treatment of onions with insecticides Fastak, Nurel D,

Sharpay; fungicides - Acrobat, Quadris).

The repetition in space and time is 4 times. The area of the sowing area is 25 m, the accounting area is 15 m.

Field experiments were placed in the irrigated crop rotation of the "Novokakhovske" DG of the Kakhovsky District

Kherson region. The soil of the experimental plots is dark chestnut, medium loam, residual weakly saline. The average content of humus in the arable layer is 2.25 95, the amount of which gradually decreases along the profile and is 1.4 95 at a depth of 40-50 cm.

The absorption capacity of the soil is relatively low. In the arable layer, the amount of absorbed bases is 14.72-20.8 mg-eq. per 100 g of soil. The absorption complex is mainly saturated with Ca.

The reaction of the soil solution in the arable layer is neutral - pH 6.6-6.8, in the lower horizons - alkaline (pH 8.6-9.2). The soil profile and parent rock of southern chernozems are not salted with easily soluble salts. The total content of salts in the profile is within 0.080-0.103 95. The soils are characterized by a normal composition of the soil profile. The density of the soil in the arable layer is 1.14-1.24 g/cm3. The total pore density of the arable layer is good (53.5-57.0 95).

The soils are characterized by high moisture content and good water yield. The full moisture content of the plow layer is 39.9-44.8 95. The lowest moisture content is 24.3-28.8 Fo.

The coefficient of moisture transfer is 32.5-47.9 95. The water permeability of the arable layer is average. The total amount of water absorbed during the first hour of determination was 135.5 mm. Soils are generally moderately supplied with mobile phosphorus (42 mg/kg) and exchangeable potassium (305 mg/kg soil).

The arid conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine have a negative effect on the processes of crop formation, including onions. Therefore, during the formation of cultivation technologies, it is necessary to take into account that the development of vegetative and reproductive organs of plants largely depends on the level of moisture, nutrients, weather conditions, agrochemical properties of the soil, biological characteristics of crops and other environmental conditions.

To obtain a high yield of onions, it is necessary that the area of leaves in crops reaches 35-40 thousand m-/ha and is kept in an active state for a long time.

Growth processes are decisive from the point of view of the formation of high and high-quality onions.

Table 1

The height of onion plants in the years of research, cm prseokadtannnnny stynn py (factor A) (factor B) 2014 |2015|2016 | average A | V / 70 965 HB 38.5 ona Vovchii Tvit appears on page 113

Biological | 461 | 48.8) 4997 | 482

Chemical | 482| 497 | 506| 495 shi 90 96 HB 488 shi (Middle Middle Ages 431 | 449|457

Therefore, an important task is to ensure rapid initial growth with high rates of plant height growth. Only under such conditions will a high area of the leaf surface be formed, a root system and a large bulb will be formed.

It was established that the height of onion plants varies significantly depending on the regime of irrigation, plant protection and weather conditions during the years of research (Table 1).

The maximum height of onion plants was observed in variants with an irrigation regime of 9095 HB under chemical protection in 2016 at the level of 55.2. The lowest indicator was determined in 2014 at the level of 34.4 cm in variants with an irrigation regime of 7095 HB without plant protection. The difference was 60.5 in terms of relative percentages.

Measurement of the height of onion plants made it possible to establish the influence of the studied factors - the regime of irrigation and plant protection on the formation of this indicator. It has been proven that raising the pre-irrigation threshold from 70 to 80 and 90 to 95 HB causes a significant increase in the height of plants from 36-39 to 41-54 cm or by 16.8-21.1 95, respectively (see drawing).

Plant protection also had a positive effect on the formation of plant height. Thus, in the control variant (without plant protection), this indicator was 39.9 cm on average by factor, when the biological protection system was implemented, it increased to 46 cm (or by 12.9 95), and with chemical protection of onion plants - to 48 cm (or by 17 95). Moreover, the difference between options with biological and chemical protection was 2.3 cm or 4.7 95, respectively.

The size of the leaf surface area of agricultural plants ranges from 5-7 to 40-50 thousand m.u. per 1 ha, but the excessive development of the leaf area in crops can be a negative factor, since at the same time the lighting conditions deteriorate, especially in the lower layers, photosynthesis is greatly reduced, it begins increased dying of lower leaves, stretching of stems, fattening and lodging of plants, reduction in the size and quality of crops. It should be noted that in order to obtain high yields of onions, it is necessary to ensure that the area of leaves in the crops reaches 35-40 thousand m"/ha as quickly as possible and is kept in an active state at this level for a long time.

The dynamics of the leaf surface area changes significantly during the growing season.

З Starting from the phase of bulb formation to the laying of leaves, there is an intensive increase in the area of the leaf surface, and after this period - its fall.

On average, during the years of research, a positive effect of factors on the dynamics of the formation of the onion leaf surface area was observed. It was established that the level of pre-irrigation soil moisture and biological and chemical plant protection systems increase the area of leaves, especially in the second half of the growing season (Table 2).

Table 2

Dynamics of onion leaf surface area depending on irrigation and plant protection regimes, m"/ha (average for 2014-2016) irrigation moisture Soil protection, 96 plants

HB factor (factor B) | decade | decade | decade | decade | decade | decade | decade | decade

And May May | June | June | June | July | July | July 70

The use of biological protection contributed to the growth of the studied indicator in the version with a pre-irrigation threshold of 70 95 HB on average from 30 to 40 thousand m: /ha, or by 34.2 95. In the version with chemical protection of plants and the same humidity, the leaf area was formed at the level 50 thousand m/ha.

The maximum onion leaf surface area of 60.9 thousand m"/ha was formed in the third decade of July in the variant with pre-irrigation soil moisture of 90-95 HB and with chemical plant protection, which indicates a significant positive effect of irrigation.

Without the use of biological and chemical means of protection, the leaf surface area decreased on average to 32.2 thousand m2/ha, and with the use of pesticides, this indicator increased by an average of 10 thousand m2/ha.

Using the proposed technology of onion cultivation with drip irrigation in the south of Ukraine, it is possible to obtain the highest height of onion plants with a moisture regime of 90-95 HB and chemical plant protection.

Sources of information: 1. Management of ecologically safe, water-saving and economically justified irrigation regimes in various ecological and agro-remedial conditions of the southern steppe of Ukraine / Vozhegova R.A., Lavrynenko Yu.O., Pisarenko P.V., Kokovikhin S.V.; for sciences ed. member-cor. NAAS, Ph.D. Stashuka V.A. Kherson: Grin D.S., 2011. 172 p.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of obtaining high leaf surface indicators when growing onions with drip irrigation, which includes the main and pre-sowing soil cultivation, sowing, crop care and harvesting, which is distinguished by the fact that the pre-irrigation norm of soil moisture 90 95 HB is used; chemical protection of plants is carried out.