UA123466C2 - UNIVERSAL ADDITIVE - Google Patents

UNIVERSAL ADDITIVE Download PDF

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Publication number
UA123466C2
UA123466C2 UAA201905276A UAA201905276A UA123466C2 UA 123466 C2 UA123466 C2 UA 123466C2 UA A201905276 A UAA201905276 A UA A201905276A UA A201905276 A UAA201905276 A UA A201905276A UA 123466 C2 UA123466 C2 UA 123466C2
Authority
UA
Ukraine
Prior art keywords
urea
additive
fuel
alcohols
boric acid
Prior art date
Application number
UAA201905276A
Other languages
Ukrainian (uk)
Inventor
Юрій Тимофійович Цапенко
Original Assignee
Юрій Тимофійович Цапенко
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Юрій Тимофійович Цапенко filed Critical Юрій Тимофійович Цапенко
Priority to UAA201905276A priority Critical patent/UA123466C2/en
Priority to DE112019007334.6T priority patent/DE112019007334T5/en
Priority to PCT/UA2019/000082 priority patent/WO2020236126A1/en
Priority to US17/436,638 priority patent/US20220154090A1/en
Publication of UA123466C2 publication Critical patent/UA123466C2/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M127/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non- macromolecular hydrocarbon
    • C10M127/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non- macromolecular hydrocarbon well-defined aliphatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/30—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms
    • C10M129/32—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
    • C10M133/18—Amides; Imides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M133/20—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/24—Nitriles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1208—Inorganic compounds elements
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
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    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
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    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
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    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C10L1/2225—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates hydroxy containing
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    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
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    • C10L1/228—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles
    • C10L1/2286—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles containing one or more carbon to nitrogen triple bonds, e.g. nitriles
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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Abstract

Винахід належить до нафтохімічної промисловості. Універсальна присадка до палива і мастильних матеріалів містить спирти С2-С4, борну кислоту, карбамід (сечовину), акрилові сполуки і воду, при такому співвідношенні компонентів, % мас.: спирти С2-С4 1-92 карбамід (сечовина) 0,1-40 борна кислота 0,01-1 акрилові сполуки 0,02-2 вода 0,1-98. Винахід забезпечує збільшення повноти згоряння палива, зменшення кількості шкідливих речовин, які створюються при неповному згоранні палива, та зниження його витрати.The invention relates to the petrochemical industry. Universal additive to fuel and lubricants contains alcohols C2-C4, boric acid, urea (urea), acrylic compounds and water, at this ratio,% wt .: alcohols C2-C4 1-92 urea (urea) 0.1- 40 boric acid 0.01-1 acrylic compounds 0.02-2 water 0.1-98. The invention provides an increase in the completeness of fuel combustion, reducing the amount of harmful substances created by incomplete combustion of fuel, and reducing its consumption.

Description

Винахід належить до нафтохімічної промисловості, конкретно до присадок до різноманітних палив і до мастильних матеріалів.The invention belongs to the petrochemical industry, specifically to additives for various fuels and lubricants.

Відомі присадки, які підвищують октанове число бензинів, покращують паливну економічність і підвищують ККД двигуна (Патентьї ВО Мо 2486229, ОА 115099, ОА 115100 та інші).Known additives that increase the octane number of gasoline, improve fuel economy and increase engine efficiency (Patents VO Mo 2486229, OA 115099, OA 115100 and others).

Відома присадка до палив і до мастильних матеріалів, яка містить спирти, борну кислоту, сечовину (карбамід), нітросполуки вуглеводнів, триєтаноламін і воду, при наступному співвідношенні компонентів, 9Уо мабс.: спирти С2-С4 1-98 борна кислота 0,01-1 карбамід (сечовина) 0,1-40 нітросполуки вуглеводнів 0,01-1 триетаноламін 0,01-2 вода 0,1-98 (Патент ОА 119084).A known additive to fuels and lubricants, which contains alcohols, boric acid, urea (urea), nitro hydrocarbon compounds, triethanolamine and water, with the following ratio of components, 9Uo mabs.: C2-C4 alcohols 1-98 boric acid 0.01- 1 urea (urea) 0.1-40 nitro hydrocarbon compounds 0.01-1 triethanolamine 0.01-2 water 0.1-98 (Patent OA 119084).

Ця присадка поліпшує процес згорання, знижує знос поверхонь тертя двигунів, знижує витрати палива і кількість продуктів неповного згоряння палива.This additive improves the combustion process, reduces the wear of friction surfaces of engines, reduces fuel consumption and the amount of products of incomplete combustion of fuel.

Недоліком відомої присадки є слабка каталітична активність в деяких видах палива та в мастильних матеріалах.The disadvantage of the known additive is weak catalytic activity in some fuels and lubricants.

Задачею пропонованого винаходу є розробка універсальної присадки з високою розчинністю у будь-якому виді палива і у мастильних матеріалах з підвищеними каталітичними властивостями.The goal of the proposed invention is to develop a universal additive with high solubility in any type of fuel and in lubricants with increased catalytic properties.

Визначена задача вирішується удосконаленням рецептури присадки. Патентується присадка на основі спиртів, карбаміду (сечовини), борної кислоти і води, в яку додатково вводят акрилові сполуки, при такому співвідношенні компонентів, 9о мабс.: спирти С2-С4 1-92 борна кислота 0,01-1 карбамід(сечовина) 0,1-40 акрилові сполуки 0,02-2 вода 0,1-98.The identified problem is solved by improving the formulation of the additive. A patented additive based on alcohols, urea (urea), boric acid and water, into which acrylic compounds are additionally introduced, with this ratio of components, 90%: alcohols C2-C4 1-92 boric acid 0.01-1 urea (urea) 0.1-40 acrylic compounds 0.02-2 water 0.1-98.

Присадка може додатково містити оцтову кислоту або триетаноламін в кількості 0,01-2,0 95 мас.The additive may additionally contain acetic acid or triethanolamine in the amount of 0.01-2.0 95 wt.

Як спирти можуть використовуватися ізопропіловий спирт або гліцерин.Isopropyl alcohol or glycerin can be used as alcohols.

Як акрилові сполуки можуть використовуватися акрилова кислота, акрилонітрил або акролеїн.Acrylic acid, acrylonitrile or acrolein can be used as acrylic compounds.

Присадка, що заявляється, рекомендується для покращення згоряння рідкого та твердого палива і для покращення мастильних матеріалів.The claimed additive is recommended for improving the combustion of liquid and solid fuels and for improving lubricants.

Таблиця 1Table 1

Зразки присадок, вміст компонентів іні есе ПВ СЛИСН ЛИСЯ СИSamples of additives, content of components, etc. essay PV SLISN LYSYA SY

Борнакислота | 001 01 1 | 1 |03 00101 | 1 08Boric acid 001 01 1 | 1 |03 00101 | 1 08

Нітрометан.і//////777777777 10011 1 101 1 1 1 1Nitromethane.i//////777777777 10011 1 101 1 1 1 1

Акриловакислотаї /-/-:/ | 17777711 1 2 ЇЇ 1002| Щ |0 1 2 ЗAcrylic acids /-/-:/ | 17777711 1 2 HER 1002| Sh |0 1 2 Z

Акрилонтрил.о////// Її 11111011 11 г11Acrylontrile.o////// Her 11111011 11 g11

Акролеїн///// 11111111 1111Acrolein///// 11111111 1111

Оцтовакислота 1001 01 2 щЩ | | 0010Acetic acid 1001 01 2 shЩ | | 0010

Гліцерин Ї111171111111117175|Ї ЇЇ 11171111 75172Glycerin Ї111171111111117175|Ї ІІ 11171111 75172

Озопропіловийспирт | 98.97 Щщ | | 98|97Ozopropyl alcohol 98.97 Shsh | | 98|97

Коо)Coo)

Таблиця 2Table 2

Зразки палива з присадкоюSamples of fuel with an additive

КОМПОНЕНТИ Відома | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 / ши ши ши ШИ ПИ ПО ПОЛCOMPONENTS Known | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 / shi shi shi SHY PI PO POL

Присадка, мілілітрівAdditive, milliliters

Паливодизельне, літрів. 1 100 17777771 17771711 171171717111171100 | 100 (Вугілля тонн. 17111117 111 1 1 11 1 1Diesel fuel, liters. 1 100 17777771 17771711 171171717111171100 | 100 (Coal tons. 17111117 111 1 1 11 1 1

Таблиця ЗTable C

Зразки мастила з присадкою 000101 Складкомпонентів./// | 77777777777ССсС2ССLubricant samples with additive 000101 Components./// | 77777777777ССсС2СС

КоМмпоНеНтиcomponents

Таблиця 4Table 4

Результати випробувань дизельного палива з присадкоюTest results of diesel fuel with an additive

Температура факела полум'я, "СFlame torch temperature, "S

Вміст СО у вихлопі, мг/м?CO content in the exhaust, mg/m?

Витрати палива на нагрів води у котлі з 70 "С до 90 С, грам 1160 1155 1140Fuel consumption for heating water in the boiler from 70 "C to 90 C, gram 1160 1155 1140

Таблиця 5Table 5

Результати випробувань вугілля з присадкою.Test results of coal with additives.

Температура поверхні котла, "СBoiler surface temperature, "С

Вміст СО у вихлопі, ррт (млн."CO content in the exhaust, ppt (millions)

ККД топки, 95Efficiency of the furnace, 95

Таблиця 6Table 6

Результати випробувань мастила з присадкамиTest results of lubricants with additives

Показники Вдома3з | 8 | 9Indicators of Home3z | 8 | 9

Діаметр плями зносу на ЧШМ за 1 год. при навантаженні 392 Н, мм 0,39 0,37 0,36The diameter of the wear spot on the ChSHM in 1 hour. at a load of 392 N, mm 0.39 0.37 0.36

Витрати палива автомобілем на 100 км пробігу при 38 36 35 швидкості руху близько 130 км/год., літрів Й Й ЙFuel consumption by car per 100 km at 38 36 35 speed of about 130 km/h, liters Y Y Y

Було виготовлено З зразки відомої присадки, а також 6 зразків присадки, що заявляється.3 samples of the known additive were produced, as well as 6 samples of the claimed additive.

Приклади складу виготовлених зразків наведені в Таблиці 1.Examples of the composition of the manufactured samples are given in Table 1.

Приклади складу палива з відомими присадками і з універсальною присадкою, що заявляється, наведені в Таблиці 2.Examples of the composition of fuel with known additives and with the claimed universal additive are given in Table 2.

Випробування присадок у дизельному паливі проводилося на прямоточному котлі КСО потужністю 100 кВт, а випробування присадки, що заявляється, на бурому вугіллі проводилося на сертифікованому експериментальному стенді тепловою потужністю 10 кВт, який призначений для випробування горіння твердого палива в топковому пристрої.The testing of additives in diesel fuel was carried out on a 100 kW direct-flow KSO boiler, and the testing of the claimed additive on brown coal was carried out on a certified experimental bench with a thermal capacity of 10 kW, which is designed to test the combustion of solid fuel in a combustion device.

Результати випробувань дизельного палива наведені у Таблиці 4, а бурого вугілля - вThe results of diesel fuel tests are shown in Table 4, and brown coal test results are shown in Table 4

Таблиці 5.Tables 5.

Результати випробувань свідчать, що запропонована присадка підвищує температуру горіння, за рахунок чого більш ефективно знижується вміст СО у вихлопі у порівнянні з відомою присадкою. Приклади складу мастил з відомою присадкою і з універсальною присадкою, що заявляється, наведені у Таблиці 3.The test results show that the proposed additive increases the combustion temperature, due to which the CO content in the exhaust is reduced more effectively compared to the known additive. Examples of the composition of lubricants with a known additive and with a claimed universal additive are given in Table 3.

У процесі випробувань визначено діаметр плями зносу за 1 годину на чотирикульковій машині тертя при навантаженні 392Н і витраті палива автомобілем Шкода на 100 км пробігу при швидкості руху близько 130 км/год. (Таблиця 6).During the tests, the diameter of the wear spot was determined in 1 hour on a four-ball friction machine with a load of 392N and fuel consumption by a Skoda car for 100 km of mileage at a speed of about 130 km/h. (Table 6).

Результати випробувань, наведені у Таблиці 6, показують, що універсальна присадка, що пропонується, у порівнянні з прототипом, більш ефективно знижує знос поверхні, що піддається тертю, і зменшує витрати палива автомобілем.The test results shown in Table 6 show that the proposed universal additive, compared to the prototype, more effectively reduces the wear of the friction surface and reduces the fuel consumption of the car.

Claims (2)

ФОРМУЛА ВИНАХОДУFORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. Універсальна присадка до палив і мастильних матеріалів на основі спиртів, борної кислоти, карбаміду (сечовини) і води, яка відрізняється тим, що вона додатково містить акрилові сполуки, при такому співвідношенні компонентів, 9о мас.: спирти С2-С4 1-92 карбамід (сечовина) 0,1-40 борна кислота 0,01-1 акрилові сполуки 0,02-2 вода 0,1-98.1. A universal additive for fuels and lubricants based on alcohols, boric acid, urea (urea) and water, which is distinguished by the fact that it additionally contains acrylic compounds, with this ratio of components, 9% by weight: C2-C4 alcohols 1-92 urea (urea) 0.1-40 boric acid 0.01-1 acrylic compounds 0.02-2 water 0.1-98. 2. Присадка за п. 1, яка відрізняється тим, що вона додатково містить оцтову кислоту в кількості 0,01-2,0 95 мас.2. Additive according to claim 1, which differs in that it additionally contains acetic acid in the amount of 0.01-2.0 95 wt. З. Присадка за п. 1, яка відрізняється тим, що вона додатково містить триетаноламін в кількості 0,01-2,0 95 мас.Z. Additive according to claim 1, which differs in that it additionally contains triethanolamine in the amount of 0.01-2.0 95 wt.
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