KR20130125880A - Multiple-purpose fuel additives for diesel fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention can be easily and economically added to fuel oils (light oil, kerosene, heavy oil) used in passenger cars, vans, heavy vehicles, heavy equipment, ships, boilers, etc. to improve combustion efficiency, environment such as carbon, sludge, dust generated when burning. Environmentally friendly fuel additives aimed at reducing pollutant emissions and protecting combustion engines. Specifically, 1 to 20% by weight of alcohol, 20 to 40% by weight of fatty acids, 0.01 to 2% by weight of metal compounds, 20 to 60% by weight of oxygenated compounds Multi-purpose fuel additive composition containing 10% by weight, ether compound 10-60% by weight, hydrocarbon compound 20-60% by weight to accelerate the combustion of the fuel to save fuel, reduce the production of carbon, sludge and dust in the combustion engine engine And by extending the life of the furnace and reducing the emission of harmful gases such as CO, NOx, HC, SOx, PM, there is an effect to prevent the air pollution.

Description

Multi-purpose Fuel Additives for Diesel Fuel}

A fuel additive is a chemical substance excluding carbon and hydrogen. It is a chemical substance that improves automobile performance or reduces automobile emissions by adding a small amount to the fuel of a vehicle.It is a detergent, a clean dispersant, a multipurpose additive, and an octane number. The purpose of use varies depending on the type of additives such as enhancer, cetane number improver and flow improver.

The present invention relates to a fuel additive used in fuel oils (light oil, kerosene, heavy oil) of passenger cars, vans, heavy vehicles, heavy equipment, ships, boilers, and the like, and specifically, promotes combustion of fuel to induce complete combustion, engines and The present invention relates to a multi-purpose fuel additive capable of suppressing or eliminating the generation of combustion residues such as carbon, sludge, and scale generated in a furnace, reducing knocking of an engine and significantly reducing generation of air pollutants.

 A fuel additive is a substance added for the purpose of adding new amounts to fuel oil products to supplement or improve the quality of the fuel oil itself to give new performance. Fuel additives added to the internal combustion engine fuel of automobiles are various in kind, and the effects of addition are various, and evaluation of these is difficult. This is because the types of vehicles used are so diverse and their conditions of use are not the same. This is because the conditions of use vary depending on many external factors such as the type of engine used, age of use, fuel used, driving location, driving habits, seasonal factors, and age of the vehicle.

The role of fuel additives can be divided into two aspects: improving vehicle performance and reducing environmental pollutant emissions. In general, the complete combustion of the fuel in the engine can reduce the incomplete combustion products such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, it is believed that the two purposes can be met.

There are some basic fuel additives included in the refinery to meet the specifications, although there are differences in the amount of gasoline and diesel produced from the internal combustion engine. There are two main types: protection additives for minimizing problems that may occur in handling and storage, and performance enhancing additives used for improving engine operation performance.

In the case of gasoline, there are additives related to combustion, such as colorants, oxidation stability improvers, fuel system protectors, engine cleaners, anti-knocking agents, and lubrication performance enhancers.In the case of diesel, antioxidants, cetane number improvers, combustion improvers, cleaning agents, cleaning agents, and corrosion Additives such as an inhibitor, a lubricant improver, and a winter fluidity improver.

□ antioxidant

As in the case of gasoline, the diesel oil fraction obtained by the decomposition of heavy oil has a high content of olefin, and thus an antioxidant is required. Additives of phenols and amines are used, and the addition amount is about 25-200 ppm.

□ Cetane number improver

Cetane number improvers (ignition enhancers) are used to increase the cetane number, which indicates the ability to reduce the spray and ignition intervals when diesel fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber. Cetane number is the value of cetane and Heptamethylnonane defined as cetane number of 100 and 15, respectively, and compares the degree of ignition delay of diesel. The low cetane number may cause a problem of white soot discharge due to start-up failure and combustion instability at low temperatures. Alkyl nitrates, Ether nitrate, and Nitroso compounds have the ability to improve cetane number. Although it depends on the base oil of light oil, it is generally known that the cetane number of about 3 is added to 500 ppm addition of a cetane number improver, and the cetane number of about 5 is added to 1000 ppm addition.

□ Combustion Enhancer

Combustion enhancers are additives that have a catalytic effect on the combustion process in diesel engines. Organometallic compounds containing metals such as barium, calcium, manganese and iron are known to be the most effective combustion enhancers. In the 1960s, particularly, 0.2% of barium was successfully used as an anti-soot additive. The toxicity of the barium compounds in the gas became a problem and it was soon discontinued. Recently, the post-treatment system of exhaust gas is being developed as the emission regulations of diesel fuel are strengthened by the prevention of air pollution by soot through diesel environmental legislation. However, the aftertreatment system is expensive and has many problems such as durability and operability. Doing. Accordingly, proposals have been made for the development of a composite device that combines additives and aftertreatment to reduce soot.

□ Cleaner

In diesel engines, as in gasoline engines, depositing deposits in fuel spray nozzles or engines reduces output and increases soot, so that detergents are added to prevent and remove deposits. As with gasoline, compounds such as amines, amides, imidazolines and the like are used.

□ Anticorrosive

Corrosion inhibitors are added to protect the pipeline during diesel transportation and to prevent filter clogging in the transportation system due to rust contamination. Alkenyl succinic acid, Alkyl orthophosporic acid, Alkyl phosphoric acid, and esters or amine salts of Aryl sulphonic acid are added about 5 ppm as corrosion inhibitor.

□ Winter liquidity improver

As the temperature decreases in winter, the wax in the diesel starts to cloud up and becomes cloudy.As the temperature decreases further, the wax grows and the specific gravity increases and sinks to the bottom. Occurs. Wax accumulated on the floor is supplied to the engine of the vehicle through the fuel pipe and clogs the filter or the valve, so that the diesel can no longer flow, causing problems with the operation of winter diesel. In order to solve this problem, additives for reducing the size of Wax particles or additives for preventing the precipitation of Wax particles have been developed.

The above additives are suitably added in accordance with the properties of gasoline and diesel oil produced by distillation from various crude oils, thereby exhibiting its performance as additives for gasoline engine and diesel engine fuels. Therefore, the optimum fuel can be used depending on which additive is added at what ratio, which can lead to energy saving effect, and can also contribute to reducing the emission of environmental pollution combustion flue gas.

The performance of additives may vary depending on the type of internal combustion engine used, the degree of aging, the area of use, the user, etc.The improvement of acceleration performance or the vehicle even if the improvement of fuel efficiency is not achieved by the addition of additives. Improving the overall performance of the vehicle, such as improving the durability of the vehicle can bring energy savings as much as fuel economy.

Today, the world is increasing the combustion efficiency of petroleum fuel as a means to solve environmental pollution such as depletion of oil fuel, rising oil price, air pollution caused by the use of petroleum fuel, and various economic and environmental problems caused by it. Many efforts have been made to address the problems of reducing pollutants and improving engine and furnace performance. Among them, there is an increasing demand for fuel additives that can be conveniently used for petroleum fuel and have economical and utility properties.

The present invention is a multi-purpose fuel additive that can be easily used in fuel oil (light oil, kerosene, heavy oil) of vehicles and heavy equipment, ships, boilers 1 to 20% by weight of alcohol, 20 to 40% by weight of fatty acid, 0.01 to 2% by weight of metal compounds It is characterized by a fuel additive composition comprising 20 to 60% by weight of the oxygen compound, 10 to 60% by weight of the ether compound, 20 to 60% by weight of the hydrocarbon compound.

When the fuel additive of the present invention is properly added to existing fuel oils (light oil, kerosene, heavy oil), it contains a large amount of oxygen and promotes combustion of the fuel, thereby increasing the efficiency of combustion, and the combustion of carbon, sludge and dust of the combustion engine. It is effective in preventing air pollution by reducing the production, extending the life of engines and furnaces, and reducing the emission of harmful exhaust gases.

The present invention is 1 to 20% by weight of alcohol, 20 to 40% by weight of fatty acid, 0.01 to 2% by weight of metal compound, 20 to 60% by weight of oxygenated compound, 10 to 60% by weight of ether compound, 20 to 60% by weight of hydrocarbon compound It is constructed.

Fatty acids are used in the dispersion of metal compounds by ester bonding with metal compounds. The fatty acid used in the present invention is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having a long hydrocarbon chain and is C10 to C30. Specifically, for example, stearic acid, lauric acid, lenolenic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, tall oil fatty acid, lecithin, etc. Can be used. The metal compound acts as an oxidizing agent to promote combustion in the combustor to prevent incomplete combustion of fuel oil, to promote combustion, to reduce the amount of unburned organic compounds and carbon monoxide and to improve combustion efficiency. Oxygen compounds supply sufficient oxygen to the fuel to promote combustion of the fuel, suppress the generation of carbon monoxide, and improve the flammability of the fuel. The hydrocarbon compound has the same chemical structure and average molecular weight as the fuel oil, and the more excellent the dispersibility when the fuel additive is added to the fuel.

For example, the present invention is as follows.

To 39 liters of kerosene, add 0.4 L of isopropyl alcohol, 0.6 L of methanol, 20 l of oleic acid, 1 g of Fe (OH) 3, 1 g of ZnO, 3 g of molybdenum oxide, 30 l of di-tert-butyl peroxide, and 10 l of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Stirred for 30 minutes to prepare 100 liters of fuel additive.

In order to test the performance of the fuel additive prepared according to the above embodiment, a test fuel was prepared by adding 0.2 liter of the fuel additive prepared to 50 liters of kerosene. The cetane number of this test fuel was measured by the test method of ASTM D 6890: 2009. As a result, cetane number (DCN) 8 was improved as shown in <Table 1>. Cetane number is an indicator of fuel flammability. When cetane number is increased, ignition performance is improved and output is improved, NOx and noise are reduced, startability is improved, white smoke due to combustion instability, fuel efficiency is improved, etc. Effect occurs. In addition, the fuel additive was added to 50 liters of diesel fuel and 0.1 liters to refuel the Avante (Hyundai, 2006, 1582cc) and analyzed the exhaust gas, and as a result, the total amount of CO, NOx, THC + NOx, PM and exhaust gas as shown in <Table 2>. Decreased to a significant level. The fuel additive was added to the bunker C oil steam boiler (0.5t) and hot water boiler (400,000 tons) as fuel: additive = 500: 1, and as a result, 16.7% fuel reduction and 75% dust reduction as shown in Table 3 , Soot reduction effect.

Kerosene application effect Item Before addition After addition effect Cetane number (DCN) 43.9 51.9 8 improvement

※ Test Method: ASTM D 6890: 2009

Diesel oil application effect Item Before addition After addition effect CO (g / km) 0.046 0.033 28.3% reduction NOx (g / km) 0.186 0.181 2.7% decrease THC + NOx (g / km) 0.202 0.196 3.05 reduction PM (g / km) 0.025 0.026 6.1% reduction smoke(%) 9.3 9.7 4.3% increase Total emissions (g / km) 0.272 0.255 6.4% decrease

※ Test Mode: NEDC mode Test Vehicle: Avante (Hyundai), 2006, 1,582cc, 1616kg

Heavy oil application effect Item Before addition After addition effect Fuel savings 36,000ℓ 30,000ℓ 16.7% savings Cleaning cycle (dust reduction) 4 times / month 1 time / month 75% dust reduction Flame color variations yellow Yellowish white Noise change during operation no difference no difference Smoke generation change Irregular heavy fumes Rarely Rarely Smoke color change Solidified black Initial white smoke Dust amount and color change A large amount of black dust Marked reduction, dark gray

※ Steam boiler (0.5t), hot water boiler (400,000t), bunker C oil

Claims (7)

Multi-purpose fuel additive composition, 1 to 20% by weight of alcohol, 20 to 40% by weight of fatty acid, 0.01 to 2% by weight of metal compound, 20 to 60% by weight of oxygenated compound, 10 to 60% by weight of ether compound, 20 to 60% by weight of hydrocarbon compound Fuel additives composed of% The method of claim 1, wherein the alcohol is a fuel additive comprising one selected from Methanol, Ethanol, Butyl alcohol, Isobutyl alcohol, Propyl alcohol, Isopropyl alcohol, 2-Ethylhexanol The fuel additive of claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is selected from stearic acid, lauric acid, lenolenic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, tall oil fatty acid, and lecithin. The fuel additive of claim 1, wherein the metal compound is selected from oxides, hydroxides, and organic compounds of Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, B, Cr, Ti, and Mo. The fuel additive according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen compound is selected from Hydrogen peroxide, Di-tert-butyl peroxide, Isopropyl nitrate, Amyl nitrate, Isoamyl nitrate, Isohexyl nitrate, 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate, 2-Butoxyethyl nitrate The method of claim 1, wherein the ether compound is diethyl ether, Dibuthyl ether, Dimethyl ether, 2-Metoxyethyl ether, 2-Ethoxyethyl ether, Dipentyl ether, Ethylene glycol ethyl ether, Ethylene glycol methyl ether, Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether Fuel additives including those selected The fuel additive according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon compound is selected from benzene, dimethylbenzene, methylbenzene, biphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, normal paraffin, isoparaffin, liquid paraffin, mineral oil, and kerosene.