RU2305127C1 - Multifunctional hydrocarbon fuel additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: liquid fuel additives.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to multifunctional additives for various hydrocarbon fuel, including coal, improving burning characteristics (i.e. improving environmental condition), reducing fuel consumption, and improving anticorrosive properties of fuel. Additive of invention contains acetamide or acetic acid in amounts 0.5 to 50% and ammonia or aqueous solution thereof to 100%.

EFFECT: considerably improved environmental condition due to reduced emissions of injurious sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon oxides upon combustion of fuel, prevented corrosion of equipment, and considerably reduced consumption of fuel.

4 cl, 5 ex

Description

This invention relates to multifunctional additives for various hydrocarbon fuels, including coal, improving their combustion characteristics, i.e. improving the ecology of the environment, increasing fuel economy, as well as improving the anticorrosive properties of fuels.

It is known to use ammonia in an amount of up to 0.4 wt.% As an additive to hydrocarbon fuels containing sulfur compounds, which helps to reduce the corrosion of fuel storages and pipelines (V.A.Somov, P.P. Botkin "Fuel for transport diesels", Leningrad, "SUDPROMGIZ", 1963, p. 243-244).

It is also known to use compounds that emit ammonia during thermal decomposition as additives to hydrocarbon fuels to improve their combustion characteristics, in particular to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides (DE 4019893, 03.21.1991, C10L1 / 12).

A closer additive to the proposed composition is an additive to hydrocarbon fuels containing 0.05-5 wt.% (Of the total weight of the fuel) of ammonia or a compound producing ammonia during its thermal decomposition, including its aqueous solutions. The additive may also contain a surface-active substance (surfactant) (JP 02-105890, 04/18/1990, C10L 1/12).

A disadvantage of the known additives is the relatively low improvement in the characteristics of the combustion of fuels and their anticorrosive properties.

The technical task of the claimed invention is to eliminate these disadvantages, as well as improving the economy of used hydrocarbon fuels.

This goal is achieved by a multifunctional additive to hydrocarbon fuels containing ammonia or its aqueous solutions with the addition of acetamide or acetic acid in an amount of 0.5-50 wt.%.

In the case of using acetamide, its preferred amount in the additive is from 0.5 to 40 wt.%, And when using acetic acid, its preferred amount in the additive is from 1 to 50 wt.%.

As fuels any fuels can be used, including gasoline, diesel fuels of all grades, boiler and stove fuels.

If necessary, for example, when using gasoline containing water, the additive may also contain any necessary surfactant in an amount of from 0.01 to 5 wt.%, Including anionic, cationic, nonionic and other surfactants of various groups and types.

The use of acetamide or acetic acid serves as an additional source of hydrogen, which favorably affects the quality of combustion and the neutralization of sulfur compounds contained in the fuel.

The additive used has a deoxidizing effect in fuels containing naphthenic compounds, neutralizing them, which is very important for long-term storage of petroleum products, when oxidative processes occur, which are easily eliminated by using the proposed additive.

When burning fuels with the proposed additive, they are saved, which can reach, depending on the amount of the additive (up to 15 wt.%), Up to 50 wt.% Due to an increase in the quality of combustion.

In addition, it is significant that the additive itself is combustible, costing more than half the standard hydrocarbon fuel, which allows for additional material savings.

The introduction of additives into the fuel can be carried out by simple mixing or using intensifiers, such as ultrasound.

The aqueous ammonia used may contain up to 80% by weight of ammonia.

The claimed invention is illustrated by examples, not limiting the possibility of using other compositions of additives, in the framework of the claimed combination of features in accordance with the claims.

Example 1

As fuel, diesel fuel is used for high-speed diesel engines. 2 wt.% Additives containing 1% acetamide and the rest ammonia are introduced into its composition by mixing. The resulting fuel can be stored for up to 10 years without any changes in its quality. During fuel combustion, the amount of sulfur oxides decreases from 2 to 1.3 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitrogen dioxide - from 0.07 to less than 0.02 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitric oxide - from 0.1 to less than 0.01 mg / m ³ , the amount of carbon monoxide from 7.5 to 6.7 mg / m ³ . Compared to using fuel containing only ammonia, savings of up to 20% by weight are virtually non-corrosive.

Example 2

Gasoline with a water content of up to 3 wt.% Is used as fuel. 5 wt.% Of an additive containing 90 wt.% Aqueous ammonia with a total ammonia content of about 80 wt.%, And 10 wt.% Acetic acid are introduced into it by mixing under the action of ultrasound. In addition, an additional 2 wt.% Cationic surfactant, a quaternary ammonium salt (Catamine AB, alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride) is additionally introduced. During fuel combustion, the amount of sulfur oxides decreases from 1 to 0.3 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitrogen dioxide - from 0.04 to less than 0.01 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitrogen - from 0.08 to less than 0.01 mg / m ³ , the amount of carbon monoxide from 5.5 to 4.1 mg / m ³ . Compared to using fuels containing only aqueous ammonia, the savings are up to 30% by weight. Equipment corrosion is virtually absent.

Example 3

Arctic diesel fuel is used as fuel. Its composition is mixed by mixing 10 wt.% Additives containing 20% acetamide and the rest aqueous ammonia with an ammonia content of 60 wt.%. In addition, 1 wt.% Of anionic surfactant is additionally introduced (ANSK-50, i.e., an aqueous solution of sodium soaps of the FFA fraction C ₅ -C ₆ ).

The resulting fuel can be stored for up to 10 years without any changes in its quality. During fuel combustion, the amount of sulfur oxides decreases from 1.8 to 1.1 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitrogen dioxide - from 0.05 to less than 0.01 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitric oxide - from 0.1 to less than 0, 01 mg / m ³ , the amount of carbon monoxide from 7.2 to 6.0 mg / m ³ . Compared to using fuels containing only aqueous ammonia, the savings are up to 40% by weight. Equipment corrosion is virtually absent.

Example 4

The fuel oil 100 is used as fuel. 15 wt.% Additives containing 45% acetic acid and the rest aqueous ammonia solution with an ammonia content of 70 wt.% Are introduced into it by mixing. The resulting fuel can be stored for up to 10 years without any changes in its quality. During fuel combustion, the amount of sulfur oxides decreases from 2.97 to 1.5 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitrogen dioxide - from 0.073 to less than 0.02 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitric oxide - from 0.11 to less than 0.016 mg / m ³ , the amount of carbon monoxide from 7.8 to 7.2 mg / m ³ . Compared to using fuel containing only ammonia, the savings are up to 30% by weight. Equipment corrosion is virtually absent.

Example 5

The fuel used is heating oil, containing up to 20% water and consisting of a 180-КК fraction from the secondary distillation of gasoline, catalytic cracking gas oil 160-400 ° С, hydrotreated distillate of the direct oil distillation fractions 160-400 ° С, and catalytic cracking gas oil 160- 380 ° C, vacuum distillate fraction 280-480 ° C and straight run fraction 160-400 ° C. 12 wt.% Of an additive containing 35 wt.% Acetamide and the rest aqueous ammonia solution with an ammonia content of 75 wt.% Are added to this fuel by mixing, and 4% nonionic surfactant is added (Tween 80 - sorbitan bis (polyoxyethylene) monooleate). The resulting fuel can be stored for up to 10 years without any changes in its quality. When fuel is burned, the amount of sulfur oxides decreases from 2.65 to 1.75 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitrogen dioxide - from 0.043 to less than 0.02 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitric oxide - from 0.091 to less than 0.016 mg / m ³ , the amount of carbon monoxide from 9.6 to 4.6 mg / m ³ . Compared to using fuel containing only ammonia, the savings are up to 40 wt.%. Equipment corrosion is virtually absent.

Thus, the test results show the high quality of the proposed multifunctional additives in terms of improving the environment by reducing the concentration of harmful oxides of sulfur, nitrogen and carbon during fuel combustion by eliminating corrosive wear of equipment, as well as a significant increase in fuel economy.

Claims (5)

1. A multifunctional additive to hydrocarbon fuels, based on ammonia or an aqueous solution of ammonia, characterized in that it additionally contains acetamide or acetic acid in the following ratio, wt.%: Acetamide or Acetic Acid 0.05-50 Ammonia or aqueous ammonia Up to 100 2. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0.01-5 wt.%. 3. The additive according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains acetamide in an amount of from 0.5 to 40 wt.%. 4. The additive according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains acetic acid in an amount of from 1 to 50 wt.%. 5. The additive according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the aqueous ammonia solution contains up to 80 wt.% Ammonia.