ES2263627T3 - GASOLINE COMPOSITION. - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a fuel composition comprising (i) a low sulphur fuel having a sulphur content of less than 30 ppm, a bromine number of less than 10 and an ultraviolet absorbance at 319 nm is below 0.15 and (ii) an effective amount of an ashless friction reducing additive which is a fatty acid having 10-30 carbon atoms or a derivative thereof. The fuel of the specified characteristics shown improved response to the friction reducing additive in respect of its lubricity performance.

Description

Gasoline composition

This invention relates to compositions of low sulfur gasoline, which have an answer Enhanced to additives that reduce friction.

Fuels such as gasoline and diesel are used quite widely in automotive transportation and to provide power to high performance equipment, especially diesel engines due to their high fuel economy. However, one of the problems when burning such fuels in internal combustion engines is their low lubricity. This reduction in lubricity arises because, since the sulfur content in the fuel is reduced, for example by hydrodesulfurization, this process also eliminates, incidentally, the lubricity provided by polar or friction reducing molecules, such as, for example, the nitrogen compounds present in such fuels. An SAE document No. 962010 previously published by Wei Dan Ping et al ., Entitled "Comparison of the Lubricity of Gasoline and Diesel Fuels" (1996), describes the effects of various additives on such fuels, including low sulfur fuels. Although efforts have been made so far for the addition of such nitrogen compounds that reduce friction in fuels after hydrodesulfurization, to restore the lubricity of the fuel, little attention has been paid to the nature of the fuel itself, in order to improve the efficiency of such fuels.

Documents GB-A-2306246 and GB-A-2307247 previously published refer to the use of carboxylic acid derivatives as an additive to improve the lubricity of fuels with a low content of sulfur, which are mainly middle distillate fuels such such as diesel fuel for jet engines and biodiesel fuels However, in these documents, I don't know they mention gasoline or fuels that have a content of sulfur less than 30 ppm.

Similarly, the documents EP-A-0860494, EP-A-0739970 and EP-A-0635558 refers to diesel low sulfur diesel and diesel (fuels for diesel engines), respectively, containing derived esters by transesterification of vegetable oils, esters of glycerin with fatty acids and lower alkyl esters of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids derived from oilseeds, respectively, as an agent that improves lubricity. In each case, no gasoline is mentioned with low sulfur content, especially gasoline that have a content of sulfur <30 ppm.

The document EP-A-0829527 describes additives for gasoline containing ashless friction modifiers, among other constituents.

WO 99/00467 describes a improved lubricity fuel composition comprising a spark ignition fuel and an acid alkanolamide fatty or a modified fatty acid, which have a maximum content 0.05% sulfur based on mass. However, they are not mentioned gasoline, and all examples refer to diesel, especially diesel fuel with low sulfur content Swedish Class I (Swedish Class I). There is also no reference at bromine index or UV absorbance of fuels tested or claimed.

It has now been found that the effectiveness of friction reducing additives can be significantly improved mixing them with characteristic fuels specific default.

Accordingly, the present invention, as described in the terms of independent claim 1, is a composition comprising (i) a gasoline with a low content of sulfur, which has a sulfur content less than 30 ppm, an index of bromine less than 10 and an ultraviolet absorbance at 319 nm per below 0.15, and (ii) less than 1000 mg per kg of gasoline with low sulfur content of a friction reducing additive without ashes, which is a fatty acid that is 10-30 carbon atoms, derived from fats and oils of natural origin, or a derivative thereof selected from the alkylamine salts, alkylamides and alkyl esters of such acids and their oligomers

Gasoline has a bromine index (which is refers to the amount of olefins in the fuel) below 10, suitably below 5, and preferably below 4,5. In addition, gasoline has a sulfur content below 30 ppm, suitably below 20 ppm and preferably by below 10 ppm. Again, the UV absorbance of the fuel at 319 nm may preferably be below 0.1, so suitable below 0.07, and more preferably below 0.05

The ash-free friction reducing additive in the composition it is suitably a liquid at temperature and ambient pressure, and is selected from fatty acids of C10-C30, preferably a fatty acid C10-C24 derived from fats and oils of origin natural, and the derivatives selected from the alkylamine salts, alkylamides and alkyl esters of such acids and their oligomers. An example of an alkylamine carboxylate salt is n-butylamine, and an example of another fatty acid of Natural origin is a substance that comprises a fatty acid, a taloyl fatty acid.

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The n-butylamine oleate has the formula:

CH 3 - (CH 2) 7 -CH: CH- (CH 2) 7 -C (O) O \ <+> - NH 3 C 4 H 9

one such oleate of n-butylamine is sold commercially as a friction modifier like RS124 by Bitrez Ltd.

The substance comprising fatty acids may have 100% fatty acids, or substantially 100% fatty acids, or it may be a mixture of fatty acids and / or taloyl acids or their derivatives. Such a mixture suitably contains at least 30% w / w, preferably at least 50% w / w fatty acids. An example of a suitable commercially available substance containing fatty acids is TOLAD® 9103 (from Baker-Petrolite
Ltd.).

The friction reducing additive is used in an amount sufficient to provide effective lubricity to the composition. The friction reducing additive is used in an amount less than 1000 mg per kilogram of base fuel in the composition, preferably from 1 to 500 mg, and more preferably from about 5 to 100 mg per kg of base fuel in the composition. It has been found that a gasoline with these characteristics is much more sensitive, to the amount of friction reducing agent without ash specified above, than conventional fuels that do not possess these characteristics. A typical example of such gasoline is the so-called "Rotterdam gasoline" which suitably has a final boiling point below 200 ° C, preferably around 185 ° C. The ashless friction reducing additive may be part of an additive concentrate comprising a number of additives. In the additive concentrate, the amount of the friction reducing additive is suitably 0.2-25% w / w, preferably 0.5-20% w / w, and more preferably 3 to 15% w / w . Based on the total concentrate, the level of treatment of the friction reducing additive in gasoline is suitably from 4-200 ppm, preferably from 10-100 ppm and more preferably from 25-75
ppm.

The present invention is further illustrated by reference to the following Examples and comparative tests.

Examples

The following fuels with varying degrees of bromine indices, sulfur content and UV absorbance at 319 nm were tested to determine their sensitivity to a lubricity additive. Of these, both Rotterdam and Neste 95UL base gasolines show comparable sulfur contents, although Rotterdam fuel (which has a final boiling point of 186.2 ° C) is more sensitive to the lubricity additive. This sensitivity, as measured by the percentage reduction in friction relative to the base fuel (Table 2), is related to a bromine index and a substantially lower 319 nm UV absorption of fuels (Table 1). (Note: the measure of UV absorbance and bromine index are both quantities
sionales).

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TABLE 1

Fuel and source Index of bromine % sulfur by weight UVA (319 nm) Fawley (TO)* 37.72 0.04 0.368 Neste 95UL * 21.7 0.0027 0.323 Rotterdam 4.17 0.0028 0.038 Fawley (B) * 16.11 0.01 0.172 Fawley (C)* 13.28 0.02 0.567 * Indicates a fuel of test that is not according to the invention

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Previous fuels were tested at various treatment speeds to determine the change in coefficient of friction and average friction values, and Results are tabulated in Tables 2 and 3 below:

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TABLE 2

Base fuel Additive Treatment rate ml / 1000 liters FC means, medium ΔFC % \ DeltaFC Fawley (TO) None 0 0.224 Fawley (B) n-BAO 12.5 0.154 0.071 31.5 Fawley (C) Tolad® 9103 12.5 0.145 0.079 35.3 Neste 95 UL None 0 0.225 Neste 95 UL n-BAO 12.5 0.152 0.073 32.5 Neste 95 UL Tolad® 9103 12.5 0.153 0.072 32.1 Rotterdam # None 0 0.439 Rotterdam # n-BAO 12.5 0.157 0.283 64.4 Rotterdam # Tolad® 9103 12.5 0.152 0.287 65.5 Fawley (B) None 0 0.304 Fawley (B) n-BAO 12.5 0.158 0.166 47.9 Fawley (B) Tolad® 9103 12.5 0.214 0.090 29.7 Fawley (C) None 0 * 0.315 Fawley (C) n-BAO 12.5 * 0.204 0.111 35.2 Fawley (C) Tolad® 9103 12.5 * 0.218 0.097 30.8 Average FC = average friction coefficient ΔFC = medium FC (base fuel) - medium FC (additive fuel) % \ DeltaFC = [Average FC (base fuel) - FC medium (additive fuel)] x 100 / FC medium (fuel base) * These are by weight, i.e. mg / kg # Fuels according to the invention

TABLE 3

Fuel base Additive Treatment rate mg / kg Coefficient of % from ΔCoefficient friction means, medium friction Fawley (C) None 0 0.315 Fawley (C) n-BAO 12.5 0.204 35.2 Fawley (C) n-BAO 25 0.166 53.6 Fawley (C) n-BAO fifty 0.132 58.1 Fawley (C) n-BAO 100 0.118 62.5 Fawley (C) None 0 0.315 Fawley (C) Tolad® 9103 12.5 0.218 30.8 Fawley (C) Tolad® 9103 25 0.174 44.8 Fawley (C) Tolad® 9103 fifty 0.149 52.7 Fawley (C) Tolad® 9103 100 0.137 56.5 n-BAO - n-butylamine oleate; Tolad® FC - coefficient of friction

Claims (15)

1. A composition comprising (i) a low sulfur gasoline, which has a content of sulfur less than 30 ppm, a bromine index less than 10 and a ultraviolet absorbance at 319 nm below 0.15, and (ii) less than 1000 mg per kg of low sulfur gasoline of an ash-free friction reducing additive, which is an acid fatty that has 10-30 carbon atoms, derived from fats and oils of natural origin or a derivative thereof selected from alkylamine salts, alkylamides and esters alkyl of such acids and their oligomers. 2. A composition according to claim 1, in which gasoline has a pro bromine index below 5 ppm. 3. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gasoline has a sulfur content below 20 ppm. 4. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gasoline has a UV absorbance at 319 nm below 0.07. 5. A composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the fatty acid is derived from fats and oils of natural origin and their oligomers. 6. A composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the reducing additive of the friction without ashes is an alkylamine salt of a fatty acid derived from fats and oils of natural origin and their oligomers. 7. A composition according to any one of the claims 1-4, wherein the reducing additive of ashless friction is an alkylamide of a fatty acid derived from fats and oils of natural origin and their oligomers. 8. A composition according to any one of the claims 1-4 above, wherein the ash-free friction reducing additive is an alkyl ester of a fatty acid derived from fats and oils of natural origin and their oligomers 9. A composition according to claim 6, in which alkylamine carboxylate salt is oleate n-butylamine, as shown in formula a below, or a derivative thereof: CH 3 - (CH 2) 7 -CH: CH- (CH 2) 7 -C (O) O \ <+> - NH 3 C 4 H 9 10. A composition according to any one of the claims 1-4, wherein the fatty acid of long chain or a derivative thereof is a substance that comprises a taloyl acid or derivatives thereof. 11. A composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the level of treatment of the friction reducing additive is 1-500 mg per kg of gasoline 12. A composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the level of treatment of the friction reducing additive is 4-200 ppm based on gasoline. 13. A composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the level of treatment of the friction reducing additive is 10-100 ppm based on gasoline. 14. A composition according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the level of treatment of the friction reducing additive is 25-75 ppm based on gasoline. 15. A method to improve the effectiveness of a ashless friction reducing additive used in gasoline with low sulfur content, in which a reducing additive is combined of friction, which is a fatty acid that has 10-30 carbon atoms, derived from fats and oils of natural origin or a derivative thereof selected of the alkylamine salts, alkylamides and alkyl esters of such acids and their oligomers, at a lower treatment level of 1000 mg per kg of gasoline, with a gasoline that has a content of sulfur less than 30 ppm, a bromine index less than 10 and a ultraviolet absorbance at 319 nm below 0.15.