RU2461604C1 - Fuel additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: fuel additive based on aqueous ammonia solution additionally contains acetamide or acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol, with the following ratio of components in wt %: acetamide or acetic acid 0.05-25, isoamyl alcohol 0.1-10, aqueous ammonia solution - the balance.

EFFECT: low fuel consumption, improved anticorrosion properties of the fuel.

4 cl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to additives for various types of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, as well as solid, usually microdispersed, fuels, including coal, which improve its combustion characteristics, in particular, the calorific value of the fuel and the amount of harmful impurities in the combustion products, i.e. improving the ecology of the environment, increasing fuel economy, as well as improving the anticorrosive properties of fuel.

It is known to use ammonia in an amount of up to 0.4 wt.% As an additive to hydrocarbon fuel containing sulfur compounds, which helps to reduce the corrosion of fuel storages and pipelines (V.A.Somov, P.P. Botkin. Fuel for transport diesel engines. - L. : "SUDPROMGIZ", 1963, p. 243-244).

It is also known to use compounds that release ammonia during thermal decomposition as additives to hydrocarbon fuels to improve its combustion characteristics, in particular to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides (see DE patent No. 4019893, class C10L 1/12, 03/21/1991).

Closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved result is an additive to hydrocarbon fuel containing 0.05-5 wt.% (Of the total weight of the fuel) of ammonia or a compound producing ammonia during its thermal decomposition, including its aqueous solutions. The additive may also contain a surfactant (surfactant) (see Japan patent No. JP2-105890, CL C10L 1/12, 04/18/1990).

A disadvantage of the known additives is the relatively low quality characteristics of fuel combustion and its anticorrosion properties.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is the elimination of these disadvantages.

The technical result consists in the fact that an increase in combustion efficiency and a decrease in the consumption of fuel are achieved.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the additive to the fuel based on an aqueous solution of ammonia additionally contains acetamide or acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol in the following ratio, wt.%: Acetamide or acetic acid from 0.05 to 25, isoamyl alcohol from 0.1 to 10, aqueous ammonia - the rest.

The additive may further contain a surfactant in an amount of 0.01-5 wt.%.

An aqueous solution of ammonia may contain up to 80 wt.% Ammonia.

The amount of additive for each type of fuel is selected individually from 1 to 25 wt.%.

The additive may further contain urea in an amount of from 1.0 to 6.0 wt.%.

The following types of hydrocarbon fuels can be used as fuels - gasoline, diesel fuels of all grades, fuel oil, boiler and heating oils, as well as coal.

The surfactant additive is advisable when using gasoline containing water, while the additive can also contain any necessary surfactant, including anionic, cationic, nonionic and other surfactants of various groups and types.

The use of acetamide or acetic acid and urea serves as an additional source of hydrogen, which favorably affects the quality of combustion and the neutralization of sulfur compounds contained in the fuel.

The additive used has a deoxidizing effect in the fuel containing naphthenic compounds, neutralizing them, which is very important for long-term storage of petroleum products, when oxidative processes occur, which are easily eliminated by using the proposed additive.

In addition, it is significant that the additive itself is combustible, costing more than half the standard hydrocarbon fuel, which allows for additional material savings.

The introduction of additives into the fuel can be carried out by simple mixing or using intensifiers, such as ultrasound.

The claimed invention is illustrated by examples, not limiting the possibility of using other compositions of additives, in the framework of the claimed combination of features in accordance with the claims.

Example 1

Arctic diesel fuel is used as fuel. Its composition is mixed by mixing 10 wt.% Additives containing 20 wt.% Acetamide, isoamyl alcohol 10 wt.% And the rest is an aqueous solution of ammonia with an ammonia content of 60 wt.%. In addition, 1 wt.% Of anionic surfactant is additionally introduced (ANSK-50, i.e., an aqueous solution of sodium soaps of the FFA fraction C ₅ -C ₆ ).

The resulting fuel can be stored for up to 10 years without any changes in its quality. When burning fuel, the amount of sulfur oxides decreases from 1.9 to 0.9 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitrogen dioxide - from 0.05 to 0.009 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitric oxide - from 0.1 to 0.009 mg / m ³ , the amount of carbon monoxide from 7.1 to 5.80 mg / m ³ . Compared to using fuels containing only aqueous ammonia, the savings are up to 40% by weight. Equipment corrosion is virtually absent.

Example 2

The fuel oil 100 is used as fuel. 15 wt.% Additives containing 45% acetic acid, isoamyl alcohol 10 wt.% And the rest aqueous ammonia with an ammonia content of 70 wt. The resulting fuel can be stored for up to 10 years without any changes in its quality. During fuel combustion, the amount of sulfur oxides decreases from 2.97 to 1.4 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitrogen dioxide - from 0.073 to 0.02 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitric oxide - from 0.11 to 0.016 mg / m ³ , the amount of carbon monoxide from 7.8 to 7.1 mg / m ³ . Compared to using fuel containing only ammonia, the savings are up to 30% by weight. Equipment corrosion is virtually absent.

Example 3

The fuel used is heating oil containing up to 20% water and consisting of a 180-КК fraction from the secondary distillation of gasoline, catalytic cracking gas oil 160-400ºС, hydrotreated distillate of direct oil distillation fractions 160-400ºС and catalytic cracking gas oil 160-380ºС, vacuum distillate fraction 280-480ºС and straight run fraction 160-400ºС. 12 wt.% Of an additive containing 35 wt.% Acetamide, isoamyl alcohol 10 wt.% And the rest of an aqueous solution of ammonia with an ammonia content of 75 wt.% Are added to this fuel by mixing, and 4% of non-ionic surfactant is added (Tween 80 - sorbitan bis (polyoxyethylene) monooleate). The resulting fuel can be stored for up to 10 years without any changes in its quality. During fuel combustion, the amount of sulfur oxides decreases from 2.65 to 1.72 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitrogen dioxide - from 0.043 to 0.01 mg / m ³ , the amount of nitric oxide - from 0.091 to 0.015 mg / m ³ , the amount of oxide carbon from 9.6 to 4.4 mg / m ³ . Compared to using fuels containing only aqueous ammonia, the savings are up to 40% by weight. Equipment corrosion is virtually absent.

Thus, the test results show the high efficiency of the proposed additives in terms of improving the environment by reducing the concentration of harmful oxides of sulfur, nitrogen and carbon in the emissions, as well as a significant increase in fuel economy and reduction of corrosion wear of boiler equipment.

Claims (4)

1. Fuel additive based on aqueous ammonia solution, characterized in that it additionally contains acetamide or acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Acetamide or Acetic Acid 0.05-25 Isoamyl alcohol 0,1-10 Aqueous ammonia Rest 2. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a surfactant in an amount of 0.01-5 wt.%. 3. The additive according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the aqueous ammonia solution contains up to 80 wt.% Ammonia. 4. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains urea in an amount of from 1.0 to 6.0 wt.%.