UA115441U - METHOD OF PROTECTION OF GARDEN PLANT PLANTS FROM SINGLE-WINGED PHYTOPHAGAS - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of protecting garden plantations against scaled phytophagy involves settling on trees during the growing season of laboratory culture of the parasite eggs of the phytophagous trichogram. Prior to the start of spring reactivation of diaspora populations of scaled phytophagus, samples are collected - eggs, caterpillars and pupae. In the laboratory, they determine their species status and level of dominance, while determining their mortality from entomophages and pathogens. The monitoring results determine the level of threat to the stands. At the beginning of the mass oviposition of females of scaly phytophagous leaflets, silkworms, moles and waves of the first generation spend three methods of settling on trees of industrial culture of Trichogramma dendrolimi Mats trichogramma. The interval between the settlements is 7-8 days, and the norms of the trichogram settlements are 70-80 and 60 thousand individuals. At the beginning of sokoruh and immediately after flowering of deciduous trees and shrubs, two methods of root feeding of trees are carried out, using a 5.0% aqueous solution of organic fertilizer Sprout, at the rate of 12 per one tree. During the oviposition period of females of the second-generation phytophagus, two methods of settling on trichogram trees, Trichogramma pintoi Voeg, are carried out. The interval between settlements is 5-6 days and the norms of settling of the trichogram are 50-70 and 50 thousand individuals. The trichogram is spread on trees using an R-100 unmanned aerial vehicle.

Description

The useful model belongs to forestry and horticulture, in particular to the field of plant protection, and can be used in the technologies of integrated protection of stands.

It is known that phytophagous insects, which feed on almost all plant organs, are among the factors that restrain and suppress the growth and development of garden and park plantings (Pady N.N., Rudnev D.F., RBKiInN B.V., Khramtsov N. .N. Lesnaya zntomologiya. - M.: Lesnaya promyishlennost, 1965. - 359 p).

It is also known that various methods and techniques are used to protect tree stands of a decorative and aesthetic nature. Among them, preventive and phytosanitary measures dominate, and chemical insecticides are also used (Vasilyev V.P., Lyvshits

I.3. Pests of fruit crops. - M.: Kolos, 1984. - 399 p). The effectiveness of the latter is quite high, however, their intensive use is accompanied by a negative effect on pollinating insects, entomophages and the environment in general.

A known method of protecting fruit crops from harmful insects, including lepidoptera (Smolyakova V.M., Storchevaya E.M. The method of protecting fruit crops from pests.

Author's certificate of the USSR, Mo 1745166, IPC AO1 K 67/00. Publ. 07.07.1999, Bull. Moe25).

The method involves setting aside an area in the center of the garden massif where pesticides are not used. During the growing season in the garden, trees are sprayed six times with chemical preparations and four with biological ones. The method reliably protects gardens from phytophages, however, a significant death of entomophages and pollinating insects is observed.

A known method of destabilization and protection of ornamental and forest plantations from lepidopteran phytophages, which is the closest technical solution to the proposed method and selected as the closest analogue (Method of modeling long-term stressful situations in the distribution areas of quarantine lepidopteran phytophages. Patent of Ukraine Mo 50919, IPC AO1 s 13/00.

Publ. 25.06.2010, Bul. Mo 12, Drozda V.F.).

The method described in the next analysis consists in the fact that in autumn, during the migration of phytophagous caterpillars for wintering, tree trunks, plant remains near the trunks, with a radius of 70-80 cm, are treated with a 3.5-4.0 U5 aqueous solution of the drug Pecilomin . In the spring, at the beginning of the reactivation of the caterpillars and pupae of phytophagous plants, the trees are cleaned of the bark left behind from the trunks. Collection and burning of plant remains with soil digging are carried out. During the period

From the beginning of oviposition, phytophagous females carry out two methods of settlement on trees of Trichogramma of the species Thispodgatta emapezsep5 UUezim/. at the rate of 60 and 70 females per tree. The final efficiency of the method is 84.5 95.

However, the LC method has the following disadvantages: the research was conducted at an average level of phytophagous tree population, which makes it difficult to evaluate it at high levels of abundance. The proposed rather labor-intensive and multi-component component in the known method. Among them are methods of manual cleaning of tree trunks from the bark, followed by removal and burning.

The basis of the useful model is the task of experimentally substantiating the method of protecting garden and park plantings from lepidopteran phytophages.

The task is solved by the fact that, in the method of protecting garden and park plantings from lepidopteran phytophages, which includes settling on trees during the growing season of the laboratory culture of the parasite phytophagous trichogram eggs, according to a useful model, before the spring reactivation of the diasporic populations of lepidopteran phytophages, samples are collected - eggs, caterpillars and pupae, in addition, their species status and level of dominance are determined in laboratory conditions, while their mortality from entomophages and pathogens is determined, and based on the results of monitoring, the level of threat to tree stands is determined, in addition, at the beginning of mass egg-laying of lepidopteran phytophagous females first-generation leafworms, silkworms, moths and weevils, carry out three methods of dispersing the trichogram of the species Pispodgatta depagoiiti Mayiv. on industrial culture trees, while the interval between dispersal is 7-8 days, and the rates of dispersal of the trichogram are 70-80 and 60 thousand individuals per 1 ha, and at the beginning of the milk rush in and immediately after the flowering of deciduous species of trees and shrubs, two root feeding methods are carried out, using a 5.0-9% aqueous solution of organic fertilizer Sprouts, at the rate of 12-15 liters per tree, and during the egg-laying period of female phytophages of the second generation, carry out two methods of dispersal on trees of the trichogram, of the species T/ispodgatta ripioi Moed., while the interval between dispersals is 5-6 days and the norms of dispersal of the trichogram are 50-70 and 50 thousand individuals per 1 ha, in addition, the trichogram is dispersal on trees with using an unmanned aerial vehicle of the B-100 type.

Techniques carried out in the proposed method contribute to the long-term process of self-regulation of garden and garden plantings. The activity of natural populations of entomophages is intensified. The industrial culture of Trichogramma is quite effective in parasitizing the eggs of Lepidoptera phytophages. Root feeding of trees induces their resistance to the action of various stress factors, including their colonization by lepidopterous phytophages.

Typical garden and park plantations of the urbanized cities of Kyiv and Chernihiv, characterized by significant species diversity. Deciduous species dominate - woody and shrubby plantations. A typical anthropogenic press, as the main cause of the negative effect of stress factors.

This is the main reason for the physiological weakening of plantations. A characteristic feature of this phenomenon is that they undergo intensive colonization by numerous species of phytophages.

The conducted studies showed that the complex of lepidopterous phytophages dominates. These are primarily leaflets. Their caterpillars feed on virtually all plant organs. At the same time, phytophagous leafhoppers predominate. Their diet is leaves of tree species. In addition, among lepidoptera species, silkworms, moths and waveflies were observed.

Table

Effectiveness of implementation of the method of protection of garden and park plantings from lepidopteran phytophages lepidopteran phytophages and Effects - Level -

Methods that the level of dominance, 95 Threshold infestations of defoliation Bethetic are compared WITHOUT the level of parasitism- methods, leafy root crops. There, 9o' and the moth is offered " " " SHY " " " satisfactory

The method is the closest cells 502 28.4 21.4 2.0-2.5 274 71.3 31.8 analogue of distribution

Phytophages

ShK Live zm) from |v! no change standard 4 524 20.1 27.5 2.5-3.5 11.6 79.8 13.8 Satisfactory standard

No 17 - | - | - HER - | 40 | 42 | 39 | -

In order to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experimental options were formed, of which there were three. In the first, essential elements of the proposed method were implemented. In the second - techniques of the closest analogue. In the third - elements of a warning nature, sanitary cuttings with local use of chemical insecticides. To evaluate the effectiveness of the methods, the most informative test characteristics were used. The obtained digital material was processed statistically. The results of the research are given in the table.

The final efficiency of the proposed method was 84.7 95. At a high initial number of lepidopterous phytophages, the action of individual elements in the composition of the method was effective.

In particular, the level of parasitism of various stages of phytophages by entomophages was 74.8 95. These indicators exceeded the indicators of the method - the closest analogue. The difference is statistically proven. It was also important that during the growing season a completely satisfactory phytosanitary condition of the plantations was observed. They performed an aesthetic role.

Thus, the proposed method allows for effective protection of garden and park plantings from a complex of lepidopteran phytophages. Its implementation excludes negative effects in relation to people, entomophages and the environment as a whole.

Zo

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of protecting garden and park plantations from lepidopteran phytophages, which includes spreading on trees during the vegetation period a laboratory culture of the parasite eggs of trichogramma phytophages, which is distinguished by the fact that before the spring reactivation of the diasporic populations of lepidopteran phytophages, samples are collected - eggs, caterpillars and pupae , in addition, in laboratory conditions, their species status and level of dominance are determined, while their mortality from entomophages and pathogens is determined, and the level of threat to tree stands is determined based on the results of monitoring, in addition, at the beginning of mass egg-laying by females of lepidopteran phytophagous leafhoppers, silkworms, moths and first-generation weevils, carry out three methods of dispersal of the trichogram of the species Hispodgatta depagoiiti Mayivb. on industrial culture trees, while the interval between dispersal is 7-8 days, and the norms of dispersal of trichogram are 70-80 and 60 thousand individuals per 1 ha, and at the beginning sororuhu and immediately after flowering of deciduous species of trees and bushes, two methods of root feeding of trees are carried out, with the use of a 5.0 95% aqueous solution of the organic fertilizer Sprout, at the rate of 12-15 l per one tree, and during the egg-laying period of the female phytophages of the second generation, two methods of settling on the trees of trichograma, species of Hispodgatta rapisi Moed., while the interval between dispersals is 5-6 days and the standards for dispersing trichograms are 50-70 and 50 thousand individuals per 1 ha, in addition, trichograms are dispersal to trees using an unmanned aerial vehicle of the B8-100 type.