UA124456U - METHOD OF COMPLEX PROTECTION OF APPLE PLANT PLANTS FROM THE APPLE PLUG (LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA L.) - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of complex protection of plantations of apple trees from the apple fruit tree (Laspeyresia pomonella L.) involves the use of techniques of biological origin with a pronounced complex effect. 10-12 days before the start of spring reactivation of diapause populations of apple fruit, collect samples of caterpillars, with subsequent determination of their viability and potential threat to the crop. In the phenophase of the development of the "end of flowering" apple trees, 500 dispensers per 1 hectare with the sex pheromone RAK-3 are exposed in tree crowns. Dispensers are located in the middle part of the tree crown at a distance of 4 m from each other. At the beginning of the mass oviposition of females of the fruiting apple tree of the first and second generation spend four methods of settling in the crown of apple trees, with an interval of 5-6 days of industrial culture of the parasite of the fruiting egg - trichograms, Trichogramma dendrolimi Mats. In the period of development of the first generation of fruiting plants spend one reception of resettlement of the parasite and three receptions during the development of the second generation. The displacement rates of the trichogram are 7.0; 3.0; 5.0 and 3.0 thousand individuals per tree. Only first class quality trichograms are displaced. Rows in the apple orchard are kept in artificial pool.

Description

The useful model belongs to agriculture, in particular to the field of protection of plants from harmful species of insects, and can be used in modern technologies for the protection of garden plantings.

It is known that in the field of horticulture, various methods and techniques are used to protect plantations from harmful organisms. However, to effectively protect gardens from phytophages and phytopathogens, industrial, as well as most farms, mainly use chemical pesticides. their high killing efficiency in relation to harmful organisms is accompanied by negative consequences. We emphasize that most of the chemical preparations have a detrimental effect on numerous natural populations of entomophages, as well as pollinating insects (Yablokov A.V. On the negative consequences of the use of pesticides // Zh-l Agricultural Biology. - M.: VO Agropromizdat, 1988. - Mo 3. - P. 9- 23).

There is also a known method of controlling the spread and harmfulness of phytophages of industrial apple plantations, including from fruit eaters, which is the closest analogue to the proposed method (Method of biological protection of fruit plantations from pests,

Patent of Ukraine Mo 30704, IPC AO1K 67/00, Publ. 15.12.2000; Bul. Mo 2, Drozda V.F.). The method described in the closest analogue consists in the fact that a directed exterminating action is offered in relation to the diapausing caterpillars of the fruit-eater by using such drugs as Pecilomin and Boverin. The preparations are applied to the diapausing sites of fruit-eating caterpillars - tree trunks, plant remains and the soil surface. As part of the method, the reception includes spraying the crowns of trees with an aqueous suspension of these drugs, during the period of revival of fruit-eating caterpillars. Implementation of the method provides effective protection of gardens from fruit eaters under the conditions of not having a sufficiently large number of them.

However, the closest analogue has the following disadvantages: the method's low manufacturability. The working fluid of the preparations must be applied to tree trunks, plant remains and soil. This greatly complicates the procedure for using these drugs. This explains the insignificant effectiveness of the known method - 42.2-59.6 965. The effectiveness of the method in relation to the eggs of fruit-eaters has not been proven.

The basis of a useful model is the task of experimentally justifying the method

From the complex protection of apple plantations from the apple borer (I azreugesia rotopeiia I.), by combining in the proposed method various techniques, with a directed exterminating and regulatory action in relation to the various stages of the fruit borer - eggs (embryos), caterpillars and adults (the methods of biological origin).

The task is solved by the fact that in the method of comprehensive protection of apple plantations from the apple borer (Iazreugezia rotopeiia ЯИ), which includes the use of methods of biological origin with a pronounced complex effect, according to a useful model, 10-12 days before the start of spring reactivation of diapausing populations of the apple borer collection of samples of caterpillars is carried out, followed by determination of their viability and potential threat to the crop.

In the phenophase of the apple tree's "end of flowering" development, 500 dispensers per 1 ha with the RAK-3 sex pheromone are exposed at the crown of the trees; dispensers are placed in the middle part of the crown of trees at a distance of 4 m from each other; at the beginning of the mass egg-laying of the females of the first and second generation of the apple fruit-eater, four methods of settlement are carried out in the crown of the apple tree, with an interval of 5-6 days, of the industrial culture of the fruit-eater egg parasite - Trichogramma, species

Tispodtatta depagoiiti Maya, during the development of the first generation of fruit-eaters, they carry out one reception of the settlement of the parasite and three receptions during the development of the second generation; the distribution norms of the trichogram are 7.0; 3.0; 5.0 and 3.0 thousand individuals per tree; distribute the trichogram only of the first quality class; the inter-rows in the apple orchard are kept in the regime of artificial liming.

The essence of the proposed method is that on the basis of comprehensive information not only about the quantitative state of populations in the garden, but also their qualitative characteristics, that is, the level of viability of fruit-eating caterpillars. And this is information about the level of potential crop threat. The method quite successfully combines the methods of disorientation of fruit-eater males with the methods of mass distribution of industrial crops of trichogram. In fact, with this technique, the Trichogramma controls the oviposition process of the fruit-eater females, laying its eggs in the fruit-eater's eggs.

Planting between the rows stabilizes the ecological situation in the garden, attracts populations of entomophages, and actually prevents the occurrence of synoptical stresses.

An example of the implementation of the method.

Typical farms and private horticultural farms. An apple tree is grown, in the mode of fruiting. Late ripening varieties. Tree planting scheme 4.0 x 6.0 m, with the number of trees per 1 ha - 208 copies. The shape of the crown is dome-shaped. To justify the proposed method, experimental variants were formed, of which there were three and a control. In the first version, essential elements of the proposed method were implemented. In the second - elements of the method - the closest analogue. In the third, the problem of protecting apple plantations from the apple borer was solved by using chemical insecticides entered in the State Register of Ukraine. The most informative and objective test characteristics were used to estimate the magnitude of a possible positive result. The obtained digital material was processed statistically. The results of the research are given in the table.

It has been established that the task set by the useful model has been accomplished. The final efficiency of the prohibited method was 89.4 95, against 70.7 95 in the closest analogue. The efficiency of apple tree protection in the basic version was 92.6 95. The difference between the indicators of the proposed method and the chemical standard is insignificant. In addition to indicators of economic efficiency, attention is drawn to the materials related to the indicators of the number, in this case, of caterpillars of the apple borer before the beginning of the research and after its completion. In the proposed method, as in the standard, the final number of diapausing caterpillars decreased by 10 and 13 times.

Expert assessment of the effectiveness of the comprehensive protection of apple plantations from the apple borer and production studies are given in the table.

Table a of spring reactivation, 90 numbers Damaged Diapaused

Ways that pp uyu uch fruits Efficiency of caterpillars are compared We died - | Synoptic| caterpillars of ways, 96 fruit eaters, caterpillars from | Entomophagous Ve o fruit-eater of all diseases, anomalies | fruit-eaters, 90 copies/ha

Ki, in spring, ex./ha

The way that the poet | phone number 18601023

Shbenn |c) he tva mo) mo | in the nearest 169.5 35.8 15.2 13.2 74 11.7 70.7 49.6 analogue

Base

Chemical standard (Control | 175.5 | 376 |124| 149 | 58 | 347 | - | 2114 (

No | - | 46 |27| 21 | 22 | 07 | 62 | 428

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of complex protection of apple plantations from the apple borer (I azreugesia rotopeia I.), which includes the use of methods of biological origin with a pronounced complex effect, which is distinguished by the fact that 10-12 days before the beginning of spring reactivation of diapausing populations of the apple borer, a collection is carried out samples of caterpillars with the following determination of their viability and potential threat to the harvest, in addition, in the phenophase of apple tree development "end of flowering" 500 dispensers per 1 ha with the sex pheromone RAK-3 are exposed in the tree crowns, while the dispensers are placed in the middle part of the tree crowns at a distance of 4 m from each other; at the beginning of the mass egg-laying of apple fruit-eater females of the first and second generations, four methods of resettlement are carried out in the crown of the apple tree, with an interval of 5-6 days, of the industrial culture of the fruit-eater egg parasite - trichograma, of the species Tispodgatta adepagoiiti Mayiv5.; during the period of development of the first generation of fruit eaters, one procedure is carried out to disperse the parasite and three procedures during the period of development of the second generation; the distribution norms of the trichogram are 7.0; 3.0; 5.0 and 3.0 thousand individuals per tree; distribute the trichogram only of the first quality class; the inter-rows in the apple orchard are kept in the regime of artificial liming.