UA119149U - METHOD OF PROTECTION OF BONE GARDEN FROM FRUIT GRAINS (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of protection of stone gardens from fruit trees (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) involves conducting a single application of application on plant residues, soil surface of stalk circles with a diameter of 80-100 cm and tree trunks, 10.0% aqueous solution of entomopathogenic fungal drug Metarizin s. n. (dry powder) on the fruiting gardens of plums, peaches and apricots, in early autumn, during the beginning of mass migration of caterpillars of plum, apple and eastern fruit trees for diapause and wintering. In the spring, 10-12 days before the process of rooting of the caterpillars caterpillars begins, their places of concentration are treated with an aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae at the rate of 1.5-2.0 l of working fluid per tree. In the spring-summer period, at the beginning of the mass oviposition of females of the fruiting plants, the Trichogramma dendrolimi Mats trichogramma species are traced to the industrial crops. During the development of each fruiting generation, two trichogramma exposure methods are carried out. 10 and 12 thousand trichograms are displaced per tree. In doing so, only the first class of quality is displaced by the trichogram.

Description

The useful model belongs to agriculture, in particular to the field of protection of plants from harmful species of insects, and can be used in the technologies of integrated protection of garden plantings.

It is known that among the significant species diversity of harmful insects and mites, the species whose caterpillars damage fruits is the most dangerous. These are three types of fruit eaters - apple, pear and plum. They are common wherever grain and stone gardens are grown. The main technological and intellectual efforts are aimed at protecting gardens from these species (Aidetaga

N. Tneze a I ipimegzye Egapdoiz-gareiaiie de Totsg5 Yuosiesh-Ipdepivyi. Eishaye ЮОетоесоиодиднее ды

Sagrosorze (Iazreugezia rotopeiia GG.) Ep Megdeg de Rottieg5 de ia Vazze Mayeje di Vpope

Rozvziriyev B'ogdapizayop bS'pe And Still Ipivdgeye. Hippolyta Maiopa! de ia RBespegspe Adgopotidsye. 1976, 365).

It is known that various methods and techniques are used to control the spread and harmfulness of garden fruit eaters. Industrial orchards and farms are dominated by technologies that use a modern arsenal of chemical insecticides by repeatedly spraying the crowns of trees during the development of fruit-eaters (M.I. Boldyrev, S.A. Alekseeva,

Titov D.A. The system of protection of fruit crops from pests and diseases. M. Vo

Agropromizdat, 1989, 93 p.). These technologists, despite their effectiveness, are characterized by anti-environmentalism and a pronounced harmful effect in relation to natural populations of entomophages.

There is a known method of protecting perennial fruit and berry plantations, which is the closest analogue to the proposed method (Method of pest control. AS USSR Mo 1681804,

IPC AOTM 1/100, Publ. 07.10.1991. Bul. Mo 37, Kolesova D.A., Chmry P.G.).

The method described in the next analysis consists in the fact that fruit crops are treated before budding by continuous spraying of the crowns with a composition consisting of aviation oil, paraffin and polyisobutylene P-20. The composition is characterized by the fact that, when it is applied to plants, the caterpillars of phytophagous plants, mealybugs, and plant-feeding mites stick to it. The consumption rate of the composition is 15-20 kg/ha. The frequency of spraying is 1-2 times over 1-3 years. As a positive result, it is indicated that the death of phytophages exceeds the similar indicator of the chemical standard by 28.3 95.

However, the method, which is a close analogue, has the following disadvantages: in gardens and natural ecosystems, there are a large number of entomophages, larvae, caterpillars and adults that intensively migrate in the crown of trees. It is quite obvious that the vast majority of them die due to sticking to the composition applied to the plants. All of them stick to the substrate, and therefore are doomed; consumption rates of this active substance are too high, up to 20 kg/ha. We can only talk about the local application of the method on individual trees or small areas.

The basis of a useful model is the task of experimentally substantiating the method of protecting stone gardens from fruit-eaters (Ieridoriega, Topgiside). The task was to substantiate the effectiveness of only biologically essential elements in the composition of the method.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of protecting stone gardens from fruit-eaters (Geridoriega, Togpigisidae), which includes a complex of techniques of a destructive nature in relation to phytophagous insects of garden plantings, according to a useful model, in fruit-bearing plum, peach and apricot orchards, at the beginning of autumn , during the period of the beginning of the mass migration of the caterpillars of the plum (Sharpoiina hypebgapa Ttg.), apple (I azreugezia rotopeia I.) and eastern (Sharpoiina toiezia VyzsK.) caterpillars for diapausing and wintering, one application of application to plant remains is carried out on the surface of the soil in circles with a diameter 80-100 cm and on tree trunks, 10.0 96% aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic fungal drug Metarizin sp. (dry powder), and the titer of the spores of the fungus Meiagtwigist apizoriae Meibsi., the active substance of the drug, is at least 6.0 billion in one gram of the drug, in addition, in the spring, 10-12 days before the beginning of the process of pupation of fruit-eating caterpillars, the place of their concentrations are treated with an aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic nematode 5iepegpeta iTekiae at the rate of 1.5-2.0 liters of working fluid per tree, while the titer of live cultures of the nematode is 1.2-1.5 million invasive nematode larvae, in addition, in the spring - the summer period, at the beginning of mass egg-laying of fruit-eater females, the distribution of trichograms of the species Tgispodgatta aepagoyti Maib5 is carried out on industrial culture trees, while during the development period of each generation of fruit-eaters, two methods of exposure of the trichogram are carried out, while 10 and 12 thousand are distributed per tree individuals of the trichogram, in addition, distribute the trichogram only of the first quality class.

In fruit-bearing plum, peach and apricot orchards, at the beginning of autumn, during the period of mass migration of caterpillars of plum (Starnoiina Hypebgapa T"g.), apple (I azreugezia rotopeiga I.) and 60 eastern (Sstarpoiynna toiezia VyzsK) caterpillars for diapausing and wintering , carry out one application of a 10.0% 95% aqueous solution of an entomopathogenic fungal preparation on plant remains, on the surface of the soil in trunk circles with a diameter of 80-100 cm and on tree trunks

Metarizin s.p. (dry powder). It is also significant that the spore titer of the fungus Meiatnigiit apizoriae Meivsp., the active substance of the drug, is at least 6.0 billion: in one gram of the drug.

As part of the method, the reception is carried out in the spring, 10-12 days before the beginning of the pupation process of fruit-eating caterpillars, in particular, the places of their concentration are treated with an aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic nematode 5bieipetpeta ieae at the rate of 1.5-2.0 liters of working fluid per tree. The titer of live nematode cultures is 1.2-1.5 million invasive larvae.

It is also significant that in the spring-summer period, at the beginning of the mass egg-laying of fruit-eater females, the distribution of trichogram species is carried out on the trees of the industrial culture

Tispodgatta aepagoiyti Maih. There are two methods of distribution of trichogram during the development period of each generation of fruit eaters. 10,000 to 12,000 individuals of Trichogramma are placed on one tree. Only the first-class quality trichogram is exhibited.

The essence of the proposed method is that it actually offers an optimal combination of three elements, as part of the proposed method of biological origin, with a different mechanism of action.

The entomopathogenic drug Metarizin is characterized by a long-term regulatory effect in relation to the diapausing stages of fruit-eaters. The triggering mechanism of this phenomenon - stressful synoptic anomalies - sharp changes in temperature and air humidity - optimal conditions for the manifestation of engomocidal activity of fungi.

Entomopathogenic nematode parasitizes fruit-eating caterpillars. Its larvae quite actively penetrate the hemocoel of caterpillars, where they reproduce, which leads to the mass death of fruit-eating caterpillars. The effective regulatory effect of trichogramma - a parasite of fruit-eater eggs - is the third component of the proposed method. Together with other natural populations of entomophages, a dynamic process of self-regulation is ensured in the entomocomplex system of stone gardens. As a result, their number is maintained at a threshold level.

An example of the implementation of the method.

Typical farms and private farms in the horticultural industry. Plantation of plum, apricot,

From peaches, cherries. Among phytophages, garden fruit eaters dominate: plum (Starpoiina

Typebgapa T".), apple (I azreugezia rotopeia I.) and eastern (Starpoiina toyevia VizeK.). Among them, the plum fruit-eater dominated. Apple and eastern are common in insignificant quantities. To justify the proposed method, experimental variants were formed, which were three and control. In the first variant, the essential elements of the proposed method were implemented. In the second, the method of the closest analogue. In the third, protection of gardens was carried out using chemical insecticides. The research was carried out at a high level of the number of fruit eaters, which made it possible to obtain objective indicators of a positive result. To evaluate the final result , used the most informative test indicators. The obtained digital material was processed statistically. The results of the obtained indicators are shown in the table.

It is established that the task set by the useful model has been completed. The final efficiency of the proposed method was 90.6 95, against 77.5 95 in the closest analogue.

The efficiency in the chemical standard was 93.4 95. The difference was not statistically proven.

The materials in the table convincingly indicate that the reason for the mortality of fruit eaters was the elements of the proposed method. This is the effect of the entomopathogenic drug, the negative effect of the entomopathogenic nematode, as well as the pronounced activity of industrial trichogram cultures. As a result, the number of diapausing caterpillars of fruit-eaters was sharply reduced in the version where technological techniques of the proposed method were used. This indicator decreased in other options, however, only in the proposed method and the chemical standard, the number of diapausing individuals of the fruit-eater decreased by 89.6 95 and 93.3 95. Whereas in the option where the methods of the closest analogue method were used, only by 77, 4 9.

Effectiveness of various methods of protecting plum plantations from fruit eaters (Kyiv region, farms, 2014-2016)

The number of diapa- Poshko-.

Diapaused

Ways that | ZUUYCHIKH jeno | The effects of caterpillars are compared | EVERYONE In total, ENTO-build- | schih | the fruits of fruit eaters

Spring mofa- | nicks of the harvest, | methods, 90 ': causes o ex./ha reacti- giv |disease o vation, ex./ha daily theo ve| noya ve o he | with is offered

The method is the closest 185.2 62.1 31.2 19.3 11.6 13.1 77.5 41.8 analogue

Chemical standard 2014 | 702| 72) 101) 125 14 93.4 13.3 basic version

Control | 193.4 | 38.8 | 15.7 | 17.93 | 58 | 342 | - | 2627 niv | - /38|24| | | 06 | 52 | -

Thus, the proposed method allows effective protection of stone gardens from fruit eaters, whose caterpillars damage only fruits. They are the most harmful species in gardens, reducing both the gross yield and its quality.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of protecting stone gardens from fruit-eaters (I eridoriega, Topgisidae), which includes a complex of methods of exterminating nature in relation to phytophagous insects of garden plantings, which is distinguished by the fact that in fruit-bearing plum, peach and apricot orchards, at the beginning of autumn, in the period of the beginning of the mass migration of caterpillars of plum (Sstarpoiina Tpebgapa Tut.), apple (I azreugezia rotopeia I.) and eastern (Sstarpoiina toiezia VyzekK.) caterpillars for diapausing and wintering, carry out one application of application on plant remains, on the surface of the soil in circles with a diameter of 80- 100 cm and on tree trunks, 10.0 95% aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic fungal drug Metarizin p. p. (dry powder), moreover, the titer of the spores of the fungus Meiatnigit apizoriae Meivsy., the active substance of the drug, is at least 6.0 billion in one gram of the drug, in addition, in the spring 10-12 days before the beginning of the process of pupation of fruit-eating caterpillars, places of their concentration are treated with an aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic nematode 5ieipegtpeta Geiae at the rate of 1.5-2.0 liters of working fluid per tree, while the titer of live cultures of the nematode is 1.2-1.5 million invasive nematode larvae, in addition, in in the spring-summer period, at the beginning of the mass egg-laying of fruit-eater females, the distribution of trichograms of the species Hispodgatta depagoiiti Mayivb. is carried out on industrial culture trees, while during the development period of each generation of fruit-eaters, two methods of exposure of the trichogram are carried out, while 10 and 12 thousand individuals are settled on one tree trichograms, in addition, distribute the trichogram only of the first quality class.