UA125689U - METHOD OF DISPOSAL OF DISTRIBUTION AND HARMFUL OF GARDEN PLANTED (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of suppressing the spread and harmfulness of garden fruit (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) involves directed extermination action on caterpillar caterpillars during their trophic activity. In the middle of summer, 7-10 days before the start of the migration of caterpillars of the garden fruiting plants to diapause or pollinate, spend one method of spraying tree trunks, plant residues and soil surface, an aqueous solution of a mixture of 5.0% entomopathogenic fungus drug Pecylomine. The titer of the drug is 7.5-8.0 billion spores per 1 g of the drug and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltinae, at the rate of 6.5-7.0 billion individuals per 1 ha. In addition, 1-2 days spend receiving the imposition on the tree trunks of fishing belts made of coarse corrugated paper, impregnated with 5.0% aqueous mixture of biological preparation Pecylomine and entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltinae, at the rate of 0.30-0.35 million. invasive larvae on 1 catching belt. In addition, in the spring-summer period, at the beginning of oviposition of females of first-generation fruiting females, three receptions are carried out, with an interval of 5-6 days, settling on the trees of industrial culture of Trichogramma pintoi Voeg trichogramma, at the rate of 3; 5 and 5 thousand individuals per tree. In addition, at the beginning of oviposition of females of second-generation fruiting females, two receptions are carried out, with an interval of 6-7 days of settling on the trees of trichograms of the species T. dendrolimi Mats., At the rate of 5; 7 and 3 thousand individuals per tree. In doing so, only the first class of quality is displaced by the trichogram.

Description

The useful model belongs to agriculture, in particular to the field of protection of plants from harmful species of insects and can be used in modern technologies for the protection of garden plantings.

It is known that among the significant species diversity of phytophagous insects and plant-feeding mites, garden fruit eaters are characterized by the fact that their caterpillars damage fruits.

It is also known that the principle of population control and the fight against fruit eaters consists in poisoning the caterpillars during the short period of their open existence, from the period of the revival of the caterpillars from the eggs to the penetration into the fruits (Danylevsky A.S., Kuznetsov V.M. Fauna of the USSR.

Scale insect Ilse. 1968, vol. 5, vol. 1, Leaflets, 635 p).

There is a well-known method of controlling the number and protection of perennial plantations, which consists in the fact that fruit and berry crops are treated before budding by continuous spraying of the crowns of trees and bushes with a composition consisting of aviation oil, paraffin and polyisobutylene P-20. (Automotive license of the USSR, Method of struggle with pests Mo 1681804; MKY AOiTM 1/00. Publ. 07.10.1991. Bul. Mo 37; Kolesova D.A., Chmyir P.G.).

The composition is characterized by the fact that caterpillars, larvae and adults of insects stick to it, and it is applied to plants. The consumption rate of the composition is 15-20 kg/ha. As a positive result of the implementation of the method, it is indicated that the death of phytophages exceeds the similar indicator of the chemical standard by 28.3 95.

Obviously, the main disadvantage of this method is that, in addition to harmful species of insects and mites, a significant number of parasites and predators die. Too high rates of consumption of this composition - up to 20 kg/ha.

There is also a known method of controlling the number and protection of fruit plantations from harmful species, with partial destabilization of their structure, which is the closest technical solution to the proposed method and was chosen as the closest analogue (Method of protection of fruit trees from pests. Author's certificate of the USSR, Mo 1745166, MKY AO1K 67/00.

Publ. 07.07.1992, Bull. Me25, Smolyakova V.M., Storchevaya E.M.).

The method chosen as the closest analogue consists in the fact that in the industrial apple orchard, in the center of the block, a plot with an area of at least 1 95 of the total area is allocated

From the area of the quarter where aqueous solutions of chemical insecticides are not used. Natural populations of entomophages develop, accumulate and disperse in these peculiar everyday zones.

Along the border of the garden massif, according to the method, a zone of biological protection of the garden with an area of 2 95 is allocated, where only biological preparations are used. Behind the zone of biological protection, there is an array of gardens where chemical insecticides are used. Implementation of the known method provides favorable conditions for the development of entomophages, which effectively control the number and harmfulness of phytophages.

However, the method - the closest analogue - has the following disadvantages: a rather complex design of the garden is proposed, with multiple alternations of spraying with biological and chemical preparations. Industrial cultures of entomophages, in particular trichograms, are not used in any way. There is no targeted action on diapausing caterpillars of the fruit-eater during such a critical period of their development as diapause.

The basis of a useful model is the task of experimentally substantiating the method of suppressing the spread and harmfulness of garden fruit eaters (I eridoriega, Hopgisidae). The task was to propose a method in which essential elements are only of biological origin.

The task is solved by implementing essential elements in the proposed method. Therefore, in the middle of summer, 7-10 days before the beginning of the migration of garden fruit-eating caterpillars for diapausing or pupation, one spray of tree trunks, plant remains and the surface of the soil is carried out with an aqueous solution of a mixture of 5.0 96th entomopathogenic fungal drug Pecilomin, the titer of the drug is 7.5-8.0 billion spores in 1 g of the drug and the entomopathogenic nematode 5biveipegpeta / Teitsipae, based on the calculation of 6.5-7.0 billion individuals per 1 ha.

An essential part of the method is that after 1-2 days, fishing belts made of thick corrugated paper impregnated with a 5.0 95 aqueous mixture of the biological preparation Pecilomin and the entomopathogenic nematode bBieipeteta Geypaye are applied to the trunks of trees, at the rate of 0.30- 0.35 million invasive larvae per 1 fishing belt. In the spring-summer period, at the beginning of egg-laying of the first-generation fruit-eater females, three receptions are carried out, with an interval of 5-6 days, of the distribution of trichograms of the species on the trees of the industrial culture

Tiisnpodtatta ripioi Moed. from calculation 3; 5 and 5 thousand individuals per tree. It is also significant that at the beginning of egg-laying of female fruit-eaters of the second generation, two receptions are carried out, with an interval of 6-7 days, the distribution of trichograms of the species T. depagoiiti Mayiv., at the rate of 5; 7 and 1000 individuals per tree. Only the first quality trichogram is distributed.

The essence of the proposed method is that it is proposed, in a certain sequence, to perform a number of techniques, each of which suppresses the spread and harmfulness of garden fruit eaters. The proposed method consists of methods of long-term, prolonged action on the fruit-eater. We are talking about the effect on the diapausing stages of fruit eaters. In addition, there are essential elements in the proposed method of operational action. This function is performed by two types of trichogram. Their combination, as part of a holistic method, suppresses the spread and harmfulness of these phytophages.

EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METHOD

Typical farms, private sector, specializing in horticulture.

They grow seed orchards - apple, pear and quince, as well as seed orchards - plum plantations. All gardens bear fruit. For the experimental substantiation of the proposed method, experimental variants were formed, of which there were three and a control. In the first version, essential elements of the proposed method were implemented. In the second element of the method-the closest analogue.

In the third, a similar problem was solved by using chemical insecticides, which are entered in the State Register of Ukraine. The area of each option was at least 0.5 ha.

The most informative and objective test characteristics were used to assess a possible positive result from the implementation of the methods. The obtained digital material was processed statistically. The results of the expert evaluation of the comparison of the three methods are given in the table.

Expert evaluation of the effectiveness of the method of suppressing the spread and harmfulness of garden fruit eaters (Kyiv region, Kyiv-Svyatoshynskyi district, 2015-2017)

Initial Mortality of caterpillars, the number of fruit eaters during the period of spring) horse- Parasyte- Diapause-

Ways of diapausing reactivation, Uogeno | tovano The effectiveness of the shaft - caterpillars and the number of caterpillars compared to Synopt| fruits of eggs. fruit-eaters, Zbud-Entomo)i| ichno | harvest, | fruit methods,| fruit-spring |Total | Nick: Oh, my dear. 9/ Fo xerok, reactivation, diseases of phages I (abnormal and rock, 5 copies/ha copies/ha and what 211.7 716 52 | 157 | 38 2.8 86.5 28.6 is offered

The method is the closest 194.6 26.1 10.1 91 9.4 14.3 71.6 55.3 analogue

Basic warrant. 201.4 zav | 198 | 44 | 106 | 29 2.8 86.2 28.2

Chemical standard

Control, 218.5 | 35.7 | 129 | 161 67 | 38.7 | 10.7. | - | 5368

Nigob | - | 471 | 26 | 17 | 15 | 07 | 15 | 56 | 48

It is established that the task set by the useful model has been completed. The final efficiency of the proposed method was 86.5 95. The similar indicator in the closest analogue is 71.6595. On the chemical standard - 86,295. With a fairly significant initial number of viable fruit-eating caterpillars in the spring, died in the proposed method

From 71,695 tracks. It is essential that the main cause of the death of caterpillars was pathogens, mainly of fungal etiology. Studies have shown that the main cause of the death of fruit-eating caterpillars was entomopathogenic fungi. The type of entomopathogen was also established. This is pink muscardina, the causative agent of Raesiyutusez Tagiposyv Wgomu/, ei tii. This is nothing but the active substance of the drug Pecilomin - a component of the proposed method.

The number of diapausing fruit-eating caterpillars that were diapausing has significantly decreased. In the version of the proposed method, their initial number was 211.7 specimens/ha. At the end of the growing season, this indicator was only 28.6 copies/ha. In fact, according to all test characteristics, the proposed method exceeded the indicators of the closest analog method and was not inferior to the chemical standard.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of suppressing the spread and harmfulness of garden fruit eaters (I eridoriega, Topiisidae), which includes a directed exterminating effect on fruit eater caterpillars during their trophic activity, which differs in that in the middle of summer, 7-10 days before the beginning of the migration of garden fruit eater caterpillars for diapausing or for pupation, carry out one spraying of tree trunks, plant remains and the surface of the soil with an aqueous solution of the mixture 5.0 of the 96th entomopathogenic fungal drug Pecilomin, the titer of the drug is 7.5-8.0 billion spores in 1 g of the drug and the entomopathogenic nematode 5bivipegpeta /Tecipae, at the rate of 6.5-7.0 billion individuals per 1 ha , in addition, after 1-2 days, the application of fishing belts made of sticky corrugated paper soaked in a 5.0 95-0 aqueous mixture of the biological drug Pecilomin and the entomopathogenic nematode 5ieipetteta eeyipaye is carried out on tree trunks, at the rate of 0.30-0.35 million invasive larvae per 1 fishing belt, in addition, in the spring-summer period, at the beginning of the egg-laying of female fruit-eaters of the first generation, three receptions are carried out, with an interval of 5-6 days, of settlement on trees of industrial cultures of the trichogram of the species Tyspodgatta ripioi Moed., based on calculation 3; 5 and 5 thousand individuals per tree, in addition, at the beginning of egg-laying of the females of the second generation of fruit eaters, two receptions are carried out, with an interval of 6-7 days, the distribution of trichograms of the species T. depagoiiti Mayiv., at the rate of 5; 7 and 1000 individuals per tree, and only the first quality trichogram is distributed.