UA124521U - METHOD OF CONTROL OF THE NUMBER AND DAMAGE OF ASHES ON TREE CULTURES IN ORGANIC Horticulture Systems - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of controlling the number and harmfulness of aphids on stone fruits in organic gardening systems involves the use of microbiological preparations by treating tree crowns. In the spring, during the period of mass revival of diapause eggs of anthrax, one method of exhibiting nutritional entrails from pieces of cooked meat is placed, which is placed in wooden containers of elderberries. The linear dimensions of the containers are 1.0-3.0 cm with ten openings, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter. Containers are laid on the surface of the soil in the plant remnants of prtambovyh circles of trees, with the nutritional lure for predators such as pinching and camel. In addition, the tree trunks impose glue belts made of laminated paper impregnated with glue. Removal of reeds from the reservoirs and replacement of fruit trees in the forest strips with ornamental - woody, shrubs and herbaceous plants with early flowering and intensive nectar productivity: common hazel, medicinal honey, goat and white willow, white willow and white willow . In addition, regularly pruning trees remove the roots and foliage, destroy weeds. In the spring, during the period when the adult founders produce larvae, and at the beginning of intensive displacement of unfertilized females, two methods of spraying crowns of trees with a mixture of drugs such as Lepidocide, 0.5% aqueous suspension of Actophyte 0.2%, and Haupsin 0.5 % compatible with Actophyte. In addition, in the presence of a large number of dioecious species of aphids, during the development of the generation of amphigonous females, 2-3 times before the start of their oviposition, one method of spraying trees with an aqueous solution of a mixture of biological preparations Lepidocid 0.5% and Pecylomine 10%.

Description

The useful model belongs to agriculture, in particular, to the field of protection of plants from harmful species of arthropods and can be used in systems of growing stone plantations in the regime of organic gardening.

It is known that the species composition of the complex of phytophages includes more than 300 species of insects and mites that damage all plant organs. In order to obtain a full harvest, modern technologies require the use, mainly in industrial plantations, of a significant amount of garden spraying. (Vasiliev V.P., Lyvshits I.3. Pests of fruit crops. - Moscow: Kolos, 1984. - 399 p.). In addition to the obvious positive result, these technologies are accompanied by a number of negative consequences. This phenomenon is most noticeable in relation to the populations of entomophagous sucking phytophages, above all aphids. The vast majority of natural populations of parasites and predators, pollinating insects are dying. Contamination of the crop and the environment with metabolites of pesticides is not excluded (Yablokov A.V. On the negative consequences of the use of pesticides// Zh-l Selskohozhnaya biologia - M.: VO Agropromizdat, 1988. - Mo 3. - P. 9- 23).

There is a well-known method of controlling the number and protection of perennial plantations, which consists in the fact that fruit and berry crops are treated before bud break by continuously spraying the crowns of trees and bushes with a composition consisting of aviation oil, paraffin and polyisobutylene P - 20. (Automobile license of the USSR, Way of fighting with pests Mo 1681804; MKY AOiTM 1/00. Publ. 07.10.1991. Bul. Mo 37; Kolesova D.A., Chmyir P.G.).

The composition is characterized by the fact that caterpillars, larvae and adults of insects stick to it, and it is applied to plants. The consumption rate of the composition is 15-20 kg/ha. As a positive result of the implementation of the method, it is indicated that the death of phytophages exceeds the similar indicator of the chemical standard by 28.3 95.

Obviously, the main disadvantage of this method is that, in addition to harmful species of insects and mites, a significant number of parasites and predators die. Too high rates of consumption of this composition - up to 20 kg/ha.

There is also a known method of controlling the spread and harmfulness of phytophagous fruit plantations, including aphids, which is the closest technical solution to the proposed method and was chosen as the closest analogue (Method of biological protection of fruit plantations from pests, Patent of Ukraine Mo 30704, IPC AO1K 67/ 00, publ. 15.12.2000; Bul. Mo 2 Drozda V.F.).

The method described in the closest analogue consists in the fact that a directed exterminating action is proposed in relation to the diapausing caterpillars of the apple borer and accompanying phytophages, in particular, a complex of sucking species, by using such drugs as

Pecilomin and Boverin. The preparations are applied to the diapausing sites of fruit-eating caterpillars - tree trunks, plant remains and the soil surface. The method involves spraying tree crowns with an aqueous suspension of these preparations during the period of rebirth of fruit-eating caterpillars and other harmful insects. Implementation of the method provides effective protection of gardens from fruit eaters and accompanying phytophages, provided their number is not significant enough.

However, the prototype method has the following disadvantages: the implementation of the method is accompanied by insufficiently high efficiency, in particular, in relation to aphids; no exterminating action has been established in relation to aphids, which are trophically related to stone plantations; methods aimed at preserving natural populations of entomophages and methods of their settlement in the garden are not offered in any way; in fact, only one technique is offered, which can be considered as a component of the organic gardening system.

The useful model is based on the task of experimentally substantiating the method of controlling the number and harmfulness of aphids on stone crops in organic gardening systems. The task was to protect stone plantations using only agrotechnical and biological techniques.

The set task is solved by sequential implementation of essential elements in the composition of the proposed method. In the spring, during the period of mass rebirth from diapausing aphid eggs, one method of exhibiting food lures from pieces of boiled meat, which are placed in wooden containers made of elderberry, is carried out. The linear dimensions of the containers are 1.0-3.0 cm with ten holes with a diameter of 0.3-0.4 mm. The containers are placed on the surface of the soil in the plant remains of the trunk circles of the trees. It is a nutritious bait for such predators as the pincher and the camel.

The essential part of the method is that in the spring, fishing belts made of laminated paper soaked in glue are applied to tree trunks. Removal of reed thickets from reservoirs and replacement of fruit trees in forest strips with decorative woody, shrubby and herbaceous plants with an early flowering period and intensive nectar production: common hazel,

honeysuckle, goat's willow and white willow, spring wheat and sharp-leaved maple. Regular pruning of trees is carried out, root growth and bryophytes are removed, and weeds are destroyed.

In the spring, during the period when the adult founders produce larvae, and at the beginning of the intensive settlement of unfertilized females, two methods of spraying the crowns of trees with a mixture of such drugs as Lepidocide, 0.5 Uo-per aqueous suspension of Actofyt 0.2 95, as well as

Haupsin 0.5 95 is compatible with Actofit. Under the conditions of a high number of dioecious species of aphids, during the development of the generation of amphigonous females, 2-3 days before the start of their egg-laying, one spray of trees is carried out with an aqueous solution of a mixture of biological preparations Lepidocide 0.5 95 and

Pecilomin 10 95.

The essence of the proposed method is that the main technological efforts in the method are aimed at preservation, settlement and activation of the main complex of parasitic and predatory species of arthropods. their natural arsenal is amazing, both in species diversity and in number. Dominant among them: predatory beetles, turuns, staphylinids, coccinellids, molluscs, predatory bugs, syrphid flies, camelids, goldeyes, pinchers, and finally a complex of hymenopterous parasites - aphelinids and aphidiids. Essential elements of the proposed method do not restrain the number of entomophages. The presence of nectar-bearing plants with intensive nectar productivity is the most significant factor in the mass concentration of entomophagous adults. Feeding with hydrocarbon (nectar) and protein (pollen) food is a determining factor in the formation of female gonads, which in turn stimulates their flight activity and searching ability. Females migrate to agrocenoses, where they attack or destroy various stages of aphids and associated phytophages.

An example of the implementation of the method

Typical farm plantations of fruiting stone gardens: plum, cherry, cherry, peach. Zoned varieties are grown. Among the dominant phytophages are aphids. During the last six years, 8 species of aphids were found on stone crops: plum pollinator (Nuaioriegiz rhypi 13), large peach aphid (RiegosNiogoide5 regsisae Spoii.), hop aphid (Rpogodop

Ppytiii 5sy/K.), cherry (Muiv segazi E.), alycheva (Vgaspusatsdiv aimagisaiye 5Nar.). These species are biologically rather heterogeneous. According to the type of life cycle, they are divided into aphids with a full cycle of development (monoecious, dioecious) and incomplete cycles. All stonecrop aphids are characterized by a dioecious life cycle. This means that they overwinter in the egg stage on fruit crops. Here they develop in two to four generations and migrate to herbaceous plants. It is these features that are decisive for justifying the control of their number.

In order to justify the effectiveness of the methods, experimental options were formed, of which there were three and a control. In the first version, essential elements of the proposed method were implemented. In the second - elements of the closest analogue method. In the third, a similar task was solved by implementing regional insecticide technologies. The most informative and objective test characteristics were used for the final assessment of the obtained results.

The obtained digital material was processed statistically. The results of the research are given in the table.

It is established that the problem posed by the useful model has been solved. The final efficiency of the proposed method was 90.6 95, against 73.7 96 in the closest analogue.

The main constituent elements of the proposed method have been positively resolved. A variant of the proposed method revealed a diverse and numerous entomofauna. It was also established that aphidophages appear earlier and are found throughout the growing season on consort plants. At the same time, coccinellids appear before everyone else. Turuns are constantly present throughout the growing season. Goldeneyes, syrphids, hymenoptera species reach their greatest numbers during the period of mass flowering of plants, as part of the proposed method. It is the nectaries that are the starting mechanism that forms the process of self-regulation of stone plantations. At the same time, a dynamic equilibrium is maintained and the number of aphids is maintained at a threshold level.

Thus, the proposed method confirmed the possibility of controlling the number and harmfulness of aphid species, the most dangerous phytophages of grain crops.

Numerous natural populations of entomophages, with the use of biological preparations, are an effective tool for protecting stone gardens from aphids. All components of the proposed method are of biological origin, which allows to qualify as having the status of organic gardening.

Table

Biotic potential and species diversity of stonecrop aphids - consumers of the first level and their zoophages - consumers of the second level (Lisostep and Polissya, 2010-2017)

Level 2 consumers, predators and parasites, middle | Colonies and

Consumers on August 1, sample/accounting unit of aphids | p; Effect- - Ivan self-:

The methods of the level, Parazyna- on egupiativity are compared| diapausing IKhyzhiKokcine- - IZoloto-ICameldki case accounting regulation methods and Syrphids tic aphids o, species of aphids beetles! llids glasses and tweezers types unit, in, 9 copies.

Plum dusted;

Way. that green High and

Peach sauce; 51 12.6 74 42 16.8. |7.3 2.2 stable. offered - lily of the valley, helichrys without flashes, cherry

Five dominates

Method - species: pollinated, Sporadic nearest | Helichryzova, | 3.3 5.7 11.5 3.7 1.6 7.5 32 5.3 manifestations 73.7 analog of cherry, peach self-regulation

Basic Detected five Minor, option. species that 148| 32 dl 1 0.7 22 |07| 15 low 92.4

Chemical standard of the number of sporadically occurring zoophages

Identified six arrhythmic

Control of species 41 102 44 21 12.3 141 18.4 process of propagation HER 71771177 o6 | 7 - | 53

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of controlling the number and harmfulness of aphids on stone crops in organic gardening systems, which includes the use of microbiological preparations, by treating the crowns of trees, which is distinguished by the fact that in spring, during the period of mass regeneration from diapausing aphid eggs, a single exposure of nutrient lures is carried out from pieces of boiled meat, which are placed in wooden containers made of elder, while the linear dimensions of the containers are 1.0-3.0 cm with ten holes with a diameter of 0.3-0.4 mm, in addition, the containers they are laid out on the surface of the soil in the plant remains of tree trunk rings, at the same time, a nutritious bait for such predators as a chipmunk and a camel, in addition, fishing belts made of laminated paper soaked in glue are placed on the trunks of trees, at the same time, reed thickets are removed from reservoirs and replaced in the forest belts of fruit trees for decorative - woody, shrubby and herbaceous plants with an early flowering period budding and intensive nectar production: common hazel, honeydew, goat and white willow, spring wheat and sharp-leaved maple, in addition, trees are regularly pruned, root growths and warts are removed, weeds are destroyed, and in the spring, during the period when adult founders produce larvae, and at the beginning of the intensive settlement of unfertilized females, carry out two methods of spraying tree crowns with a mixture of such drugs as Lepidocide, 0.5 Uo-water suspension of Actofyt 0.2 55, as well as Haupsin 0.5 95 compatible with Actofyt, in addition , under the conditions of a high number of dioecious species of aphids, during the development of the generation of amphigonous females, 2-3 days before the start of their egg-laying, one spray of trees is carried out with an aqueous solution of a mixture of biological preparations Lepidocid 0.5 95 and Petsilomin 10 95. 00 Komputernaverstka L. Burlak. food/ 00000000 Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, str. M. Hrushevsky, 12/2, m. Kyiv, 01008, Ukraine SE "Ukrainian Institute of Intellectual Property", str. Glazunova, 1, m. Kyiv - 42, 01601