UA125690U - METHOD OF DESTABILIZATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF POPULATION OF GARDEN FRUITS (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of destabilizing the structure of populations of garden fruit trees (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) involves methods of spraying tree crowns with aqueous solutions of insecticidal preparations. At the end of the summer, during the migration of the caterpillars of the garden fruits for diapause and wintering, one method of spraying places of caterpillars - trunks of trees, skeletal branches, plant residues and the surface of the soil of the shtampovytnym of a mixture of 6 water-germicidal solution.5 is carried out. , 0 billion spores per 1 g of active ingredient of the drug Beauveria bassiana Bals. Vuil and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltinae, estimated at 5.5-6.0 billion individuals per 1 ha. In addition, in the spring-summer period, at the beginning of the mass oviposition of females of the first-generation garden fruiting plants and at the beginning of the oviposition of the second-generation females, three settlements are carried out against each generation of industrial trichogramma, parasite of fruiting eggs, using a trichogramma trichogramma . The rate of displacement of the trichogram during the development of the first generation of fruiting is 5; 7 and 5 thousand parasite specimens per tree, during the development of the second generation of fruiting flies, the norms of trichogram displacement are 5; 10 and 3 thousand individuals per tree. The interval between settlements is 5-6 days. At the beginning of mass regeneration of caterpillars of the first and second generations of fruiting flies, two receptions are carried out at intervals of 6-7 days, spraying of tree crowns with an aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic viral preparation Virin SNF consumption rate of 0.3 kg per 1 ha.

Description

The useful model belongs to agriculture, in particular to the field of protection of plants from harmful species of insects, and can be used in modern technologies for the protection of garden plantings.

It is known that among the significant species diversity of phytophagous insects and plant-feeding mites, garden fruit eaters are characterized by a feature that consists in the fact that their caterpillars damage only fruits (Vasiliev V.P., Lyvshits I.3. Pests of fruit crops. - M.:

Kolos, 1984. - 399 pp.).

It is also known that the principle of population control and fight against fruit-eaters consists in poisoning the caterpillars during the short period of their open existence, from the period of the revival of the caterpillars from the eggs to the penetration into the fruits (Danylevsky A.S., Kuznetsov V.I. Fauna of the USSR.

Nasekomse chesuekrlye, 1968. - T. 5, Vol. 1, Flyers. - 635 s).

There is a well-known method of controlling the number and protection of perennial plantations, which consists in the fact that fruit and berry crops are treated before bud break by continuously spraying the crowns of trees and bushes with a composition consisting of aviation oil, paraffin and polyisobutylene P-20. (Author's certificate of the USSR, Method of struggle with pests Mo 1681804; MKY AOiTM 1/00. Publ. 07.10.1991. Bul. Mo 37; Kolesova D.A., Chmyir P.G.).

The composition is characterized by the fact that caterpillars, larvae and adults of insects stick to it, and it is applied to plants. The consumption rate of the composition is 15-20 kg/ha. As a positive result of the implementation of the method, it is indicated that the death of phytophages exceeds the similar indicator of the chemical standard by 28.3 95.

Obviously, the main disadvantage of this method is that, in addition to harmful species of insects and mites, a significant number of parasites and predators die. Too high rates of consumption of this composition - up to 20 kg/ha.

There is also a known method of controlling the number and protection of fruit plantations from harmful species, with partial destabilization of their structure, which is the closest technical solution to the proposed method and was chosen as the closest analogue (Method of protection! fruit plantations from pests. Author's certificate USSR, Mo 1745166, MKY AO1K 67/00.

Publ. 07.07.1992, Bull. Mo 25, Smolyakova V.M., Storchevaya E.M.).

The method chosen as the closest analogue is that of the industrial one

From the apple orchard, in the center of the quarter, a plot with an area of at least 1.95% of the total area of the quarter is allocated where aqueous solutions of chemical insecticides are not used. Natural populations of entomophages develop, accumulate and disperse in these peculiar everyday zones.

Along the border of the garden massif according to the method, a zone of biological protection of the garden is allocated, with an area of 29", where only biological preparations are used. Behind the zone of biological protection, there is an array of gardens where treatment with chemical insecticides is carried out. Implementation of the known method provides favorable conditions for the development of entomophages, which effectively control the number and harmfulness of phytophages.

However, the method - the closest analogue - has the following disadvantages: a rather complex design of the garden is proposed, with multiple alternations of spraying with biological and chemical preparations. Entomophages die off on garden plots where chemical preparations are used.

The basis of a useful model is the task of experimentally substantiating the method of destabilization of the population structure of garden fruit eaters (I eridoriega, Topiisidae). The goal was to reduce the population of apple, plum, and pear borers to the threshold level.

The set task is solved by sequential implementation of essential elements in the composition of the proposed method. In particular, at the end of summer, during the period of migration of caterpillars of garden fruit eaters for diapausing and wintering, a single spraying of the places of diapausing of caterpillars - tree trunks, skeletal branches, plant remains and the surface of the soil near the trunk circles with a mixture of an aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic drug Boverin, with a titer of 6.5 -7.0 billion spores in 1 g of the active substance of the Veaimepla Bbazziapa Vai mushroom preparation!5. MiiY and the entomopathogenic nematode 5bivipegteta are common, at the rate of 5.5-6.0 billion individuals per 1 ha. In the spring-summer period, at the beginning of the mass egg-laying of garden fruit-eater females of the first generation, and at the beginning of egg-laying of the second-generation fruit-eater females, three methods of dispersal are carried out against each generation of the industrial culture of trichogramma, a parasite of fruit-eater eggs. They use the trichogram of the species Hispodgatta depgoiiti Mayiv.

It is essential in the method that the rate of distribution of trichogram during the development of the first generation of fruit eaters is 5; 7 and 5 thousand individuals of the parasite per tree. The interval between resettlement receptions is 5-6 days. In the period of development of the second generation of fruit eaters, because the norms of distribution of trichograms are 5; 10 and From a thousand individuals per tree. The interval between resettlement receptions is 5-6 days. At the beginning of the mass revival of the caterpillars of the first and second generations of fruit-eaters, spray the crowns of trees with an aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic viral drug Virin HYAP at a consumption rate of 0.3 kg per 1 ha, with an interval of 6-7 days.

The essence of the proposed method is that the destabilization of the population structure of fruit eaters is carried out using critical periods in the ontogenesis of these phytophages. As part of the method, a number of essential elements of biological origin. These are two microbiological preparations of fungal and viral origin, as well as an entomopathogenic nematode. The action of the trichogram is specific. Its females attack the eggs of fruit eaters. The combined action of the elements in the proposed method destabilizes the population structure of fruit eaters. At the same time, any negative effect on all components of agrocenoses and ecosystems is excluded.

An example of the implementation of the method

Typical farms - horticultural industry. Specialization in organic gardening.

This means that the use of any pesticides of chemical origin is excluded. Among the complex of phytophages, fruit eaters dominate in economic importance: apple (Iazreugezia rotopeMya 1I.), pear (Iazreugezia rugpmoga Oapii.) and plum (Starpoiina

Tipentapa NJ.). The caterpillars of the apple and plum borer damage the fruits of both grain and stone crops. (Drozda V.F., Yushchenko L.P. Plum fruit eater // K.: ed. "Kolobig", 2010. - 146 p.).

For the experimental substantiation of the proposed method, experimental variants were formed, of which there were three and a control. In the first version, essential elements of the proposed method were implemented. In the second - elements of the closest analogue method. In the third, elements were used, which included the use of chemical insecticides, which were included in the

State Register of Ukraine. A control option was also foreseen. To estimate the magnitude of a possible positive result, the most informative and objective test characteristics were used. The obtained digital material was processed statistically. The results of the research are given in the table.

It is established that the task set by a useful model has been completed. The final efficiency of the proposed method, as a result of three-year studies, was 90.1 95,

Zo against, 74.3 95 in the closest analogue. These are indicators of economic efficiency. No less convincing were the indicators characterizing the reaction of fruit eaters to the action of various stress factors - of biogenic and anthropogenic origin. The implementation of the proposed method ensured the death of diapausing fruit-eating caterpillars at the level of 69.4 95. At the same time, the cause of death of 48.7 95 caterpillars was pathogens. Industrial crops of Trichogramma, together with populations of natural entomophages, caused the mortality of 64.5 95 eggs. In addition, if the initial number of diapausing, viable caterpillars of the apple borer in the version of the proposed method was 178.8 specimens/ha, then at the end of the growing season there were only 17.5 specimens/ha. All indicators of the test characteristics of the proposed method significantly exceed the indicators of the nearest analogue.

Thus, the proposed method effectively destabilizes the population structure of garden fruit eaters, their number is maintained at a subthreshold level. This indicates the effective protection of the crop against these phytophages.

The result of an expert evaluation of the effectiveness of the method of destabilization of the structure of the apple fruit fly population structure (Kyiv region, Kyiv-Svyatoshynskyi district, 2015-2017) number for the period of spring reactivation, 90 Parasite - | Diapaused

Ways that diapausing Synopsis Damaged vano eggs Efficiency of caterpillars compared to caterpillars. Including "(Entomo!| chnich o fruits of fruit eaters, and methods, fruit eaters, apple Total | phage pathogens | crop anomalies, 95 o, Fo eks./ha fruit eaters, in diseases and eks./ha

The way that

Shbshnno |z) vo) iya) t | same yav closest 188.5 30.8 20.2 51 5.5 7.8 16.9 74.3 49.6 analog

Basic option. standard (Control | 218.5 | 357 | 129 | 161 | 6 | 387 | 107 | - | 5368 (No | /- | 38 | 24 | 18 | iz | 08 | 77 | 58 | 48 /

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of destabilization of the population structure of garden fruit eaters (I eridoriega, Topgisidae), which includes methods of spraying tree crowns with aqueous solutions of insecticides, which differs in that at the end of summer, during the migration of garden fruit eater caterpillars for diapausing and wintering, one spraying of diapausing sites is carried out of caterpillars - tree trunks, skeletal branches, plant remains and the surface of the soil near the trunk circles with a mixture of an aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic preparation Boverin, with a titer of 6.5-7.0 billion spores in 1 g of the active substance of the preparation of the fungus Veashimetgia razziapa Ba!5. MiiYi and the entomopathogenic nematode Zivipetpeta gTePipae, at the rate of 5.5-6.0 billion individuals per 1 ha, in addition, in the spring-summer period, at the beginning of mass egg-laying by females of the first generation of garden fruit-eaters, and at the beginning of egg-laying by females of the second generation of fruit-eaters, carry out three dispersal methods against each generation of the industrial culture of trichograma, a parasite of fruit-eater eggs, using a trichogram of the species Tispodgatta aepgoiiti Mai5, at the same time, the rate of dispersal of trichograma during the development of the first generation of fruit-eaters is 5; 7 and 5 thousand individuals of the parasite per tree, during the development of the second generation of fruit-eaters, the norms of distribution of trichogram are 5; 10 and 3 thousand individuals per tree, at the same time, the interval between resettlement receptions is 5-6 days, in addition, at the beginning of the mass revival of the caterpillars of the first and second generations of fruit-eaters, two receptions are carried out, with an interval of 6-7 days, spraying the crowns trees with an aqueous solution of the entomopathogenic viral drug Virin HYAP at a consumption rate of 0.3 kg per 1 ha.