UA110458U - METHOD OF PREPARATION OF WHEAT FOR PROCESSING - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of preparing wheat for processing involves the purification of grain from impurities, fractionation and extraction of fine grain. The refracted wheat grain after harvesting is combined and purified on one sieve air separator system with one stream and sent for processing.

Description

The useful model belongs to the cereal industry, in particular to methods of preparing wheat for processing into cereals and cereal products, specifically - cereals and flattened products.

There is a known method of preparing wheat grain for processing, which involves purification from impurities, fractionation, extraction of fine grain, hydrothermal treatment, husking and waste control (see "Rules for the organization and management of the technological process at grain factories". - Kyiv: Ministry of Agro-Industrial Complex, 1998. - pp. 60-61).

At the first stage, the grain of wheat is cleaned of coarse impurities in a scalper. After that, it enters one system of air-sieve separators, where large impurities are removed through sorting sieves (4.0-4.5) x 20 mm, and fine grains together with small impurities are removed through sieves 1.7 x 20 mm. At the next stage, metallomagnetic and mineral impurities are removed, for which the grain enters a magnetic separator and a stone sorting machine, respectively. Partially cleaned grain is sent to fractionation, which is carried out in a grain disperser. The coarse fraction of grain is selected through sieves 2.4x20 mm, the fine fraction is selected through sieves 2.4x20 mm and 1.7x20 mm. Small grains are removed through a 1.7x20 mm sieve. Further purification is carried out by fractions in sieve-air separators and triers. Grain of the coarse fraction together with larger impurities are separated in a sieve-air separator, where waste of category I-II is removed through the sieve 9 4.5 mm, the passage of this sieve and the sieve 1.7x20 mm is the main grain that enters the trier-wide selector. During the separation of the fine fraction in the sieve-air separator, waste of category I-II is removed through the upper sieve E 3.5 mm, and the passage of this sieve and the exit of the 1.7x20 mm sieve are sent to the trier-puppet separator. When sorting both fractions of wheat in sieve-air separators, small grains are removed through a sieve passage of 1.7x20 mm. After sorting, the wheat grain of both fractions is combined and sent to hydrothermal treatment, which is carried out by the method of cold conditioning. The grain is moistened with water heated to 35-45"C to a humidity of 14.5-15.5 95 and dehumidified for 0.5-2.0 hours. The grain prepared in this way is sent to husking. Wheat is husked by two-time processing in upholstery machines with abrasive cylinders. After each dehusking system, the mixture of dehusking products is winnowed on one system of air separators. The grain prepared in this way is directed to further processing.

This method is chosen by the prototype.

The prototype and the claimed useful model have the following common operations: cleaning from impurities; fractionation; extraction of fine grain.

The disadvantage of the known method of the technological process of preparing wheat for processing is the long length of the technological process, which includes separation on three systems of sieve-air separators, hydrothermal treatment of grain, which involves the use of moistening machines and bunkers for moistening, husking, which uses two systems of upholstering machines and two systems of air separators, which requires large production areas to accommodate the appropriate machines and causes difficulties in implementing this process at small-capacity factories.

The basis of a useful model is the task of developing a method of preparing wheat grain for processing, in which, by using wheat of a certain variety, to ensure simplification and shortening of the technological process by reducing the number of operations.

The task is solved in the method of preparing wheat grain for processing, which involves cleaning from impurities, fractionation and extraction of small grain, by combining the fractionated wheat grain after sorting and cleaning it in one stream on one system of sieve-air separators and sending it to processing.

The method is carried out in the following order. Wheat grain from bunkers for raw grain is sent to the scalper for pre-cleaning. This technological operation ensures the selection of the largest coarse impurities from the grain. Their extraction is carried out on sieves with large openings of 20x20 mm and 10x10 mm. After weighing on automatic scales, the wheat grain is sent to the sieve-air separator, where the upper sieve (4.5-4.0) x 20 mm removes waste of category I-II, the passage of the lower sieve 1.6 x 20 mm removes fine and thin grain together with small impurities. The main grain obtained through the passage of the sieve (4.5-4.0) x 20 mm and the rise of the sieve 1.6 x 20 mm enters the pneumatic channel of the separator to remove aerodynamically light and dusty impurities. After that, metallomagnetic impurities are removed in a magnetic separator, and mineral impurities are removed in a stone-removing machine. The grain cleaned in this way is sent for fractionation in the grain separator. Passing through a 2.2x20 mm sieve, a coarse grain fraction is obtained, passing through this sieve and passing through a 1.6x20 mm sieve - fine fraction. The small fraction of grain goes to the trier-puppet separator for cleaning, and the large fraction - to the trier-oat separator. After that, both fractions are combined and sent to the sieve-air separator for control, where the remnants of I-II cat waste are removed through the upper sieve E 3.5 mm, sieve passage 2 3.5 mm and the sieve passage 1.6x20 mm represent the main grain, which is sent for processing.

Example.

Wheat grain of the "Chornobrova" variety with a moisture content of 12.7 95, a nature of 800 g/l, a content of garbage admixture 2.0 95, grain admixture 4.7 906 was sent for preparation for processing and processing.

At the first stage, the grain was cleaned on appropriate sieves from coarse impurities in a scalper and weighed on automatic scales. After that, it was sent to the sieve-air separator, where waste of the 1st-II category was removed through the upper sieve (4.5-4.0) x 20 mm, and fine and thin grain together with small impurities were removed through the lower sieve 1.6 x 20 mm. The main grain obtained through the passage of a sieve (4.5-4.0) x 20 mm and the rise of a sieve of 1.6 x 20 mm was monitored in the pneumatic channel of the separator for the presence of dusty and aerodynamically light impurities. After that, it entered a magnetic separator where metallomagnetic impurities were removed. The removal of mineral impurities was carried out in the stone-removing machine. The grain cleaned in this way was sent to the grain separator for fractionation, where a coarse fraction of grain was obtained through a sieve of 2.2x20 mm, a fine fraction was obtained through a sieve of 2.2x20 mm and a sieve of 1.6x20 mm. The cleaning of the fine fraction was carried out in a trier-puppet selector, the large fraction was cleaned in a trier-puppet selector. After sorting, the grain was combined and directed in one flow to the control in the sieve-air separator. In the separator, category I-II waste was removed through a 9 3.5 mm sieve, through a 9 3.5 mm sieve and a 1.6x20 mm sieve, the main wheat grain purified from characteristic impurities was obtained, which had the following parameters: moisture 12.7 96, nature 815 g/l, trash admixture content 0.3 95, grain admixture content 2.1 95.

During further processing of grain, wheat groats were produced, the total yield of the product was 72.0 95, by-products and waste (taking into account mechanical losses) - 28.0 95.

Claims (2)

FORMULA OF THE USEFUL MODEL Ko) 1. The method of preparing wheat for processing, which involves cleaning the grain from impurities, fractionation and extraction of small grain, which is characterized by the fact that the fractionated wheat grain after sorting is combined and cleaned in one stream on one system of sieve-air separators and directed for processing. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that wheat grain of the "Chornobrova" variety is used.