RU2645869C1 - Sunflower seeds sorting method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Method for sorting sunflower seeds is offered, according to which, after primary cleaning, a layer of a heap of sunflower seeds with a moisture content of not more than 16 % and with a thickness not exceeding the size of the sunflower seeds, depending on the physical and mechanical properties, then subjected to an inclined suction airflow by passing through a pneumatic-aspirating channel of preliminary aspiration under pressure, which makes it possible to create a speed of wandering of light impurities with dust no more than 8 m/s for their removal. Remaining heavy intermixture is sieved from partially large and small intermixtures. Remaining seeds are divided into two equal parts, parallel sieved and subjected to final aspiration in a vertical suction airflow, feeding the seeds to its upper part, followed by precipitation and removal of the purified seeds.

EFFECT: method provides higher efficiency of seeds cleaning.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to the post-harvest treatment of oilseeds, in particular sunflower.

A known method of purifying rapeseed according to patent 2012428, class. B07B 13/00, 1994, including separation by aerodynamic properties with the separation of light and heavy fractions, separation of impurities from the heavy fraction is carried out by separation by elastic properties after drying.

The disadvantage of the cleaning method is the use of air flow, which does not allow to isolate the impurities in the seed material and to obtain high-quality seeds.

A known method of cleaning wheat seeds from Tatar buckwheat according to patent RU 2491133 C1, class. B07B 9/00, A01F 12/44, 2013, taken as a prototype, including processing grain on an ear sieve with oblong holes, isolating large seeds of Tatar buckwheat as large impurities on sorting sieves with oblong holes, in air-aspiration channels, a doll cylinder with a cell diameter 1.05-1.10 of the maximum length of the seeds of the Tatar buckwheat and its working edge of the trough is located to its horizontal diameter at an angle of 45-55 ° and a pneumatic sorting table.

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity and energy consumption of cleaning wheat seeds from Tatar buckwheat, and there is a need to select the optimal installation angle of the working edge of the gutter of the puppet cylinder, depending on the clogging of grain, a highly qualified specialist in setting up a pneumatic sorting table is required.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of cleaning sunflower seeds from impurities.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of sorting sunflower seeds, including processing on sieves and in air-aspiration channels for preliminary and final aspiration, according to the invention, after primary cleaning, a layer of a heap of sunflower seeds is formed with a moisture content of not more than 16% and with a thickness not exceeding the size sunflower seeds, depending on the physico-mechanical properties, then subjected to treatment with an inclined suction air flow by passing through pneumoaspiration a channel of preliminary aspiration under pressure, providing the possibility of creating a speed of soaring of light impurities with dust no more than 8 m / s to remove them, then the remaining heavy impurity is sieved through sieves from partially large and small impurities, then the remaining seeds are divided into two equal parts, in parallel sieved and subjected to final aspiration in a vertical suction air stream, feeding seeds to its upper part, followed by sedimentation and removal of the purified seeds.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the prototype allows us to conclude that the inventive method for sorting sunflower seeds differs from the known method in that due to the operations involving the formation of a layer of heap, they are subjected to treatment with an inclined suction air flow, then the remaining heavy impurity is sieved through sieves from partially large and small impurities, then the remaining seeds are divided into approximately two equal parts, sieved in parallel and subjected to final aspirate ation in the vertical airstream that have humidity not more than 16%.

Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of patentability NOVELTY.

The claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY, because it can be used in air-sieve grain cleaning machines for sorting sunflower seeds.

A method for sorting sunflower seeds is implemented using any known design of an air-sieve grain cleaning machine, for example MVU-1500.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 - shows a graph of the dependence of the speed of soaring (m / s) of seeds of sunflower varieties Lakomka in thickness on the probability density of their distribution, (%); in FIG. 2 is a graph of the dependence of the speed of soaring (m / s) of seeds of sunflower varieties Lakomka in width versus the probability density of their distribution, (%).

The graph (Fig. 1) shows the variation curves of the speed of seed movement. Curve 1 shows the speed of seed movement with a thickness of up to 3.2 mm; curve 2 - 3.2-3.6 mm; curve 3 - 3.6-4.0 mm; curve 4 - over 4.0 mm.

The graph (Fig. 2) shows the variation curves of the speed of seed movement. Curve 5 shows the speed of seed movement with a width of 5 mm; curve 6 - 6.0 mm; curve 7 - 7.0 mm; curve 8 is over 8.0 mm and curve 9 with a width of 9.0 mm.

The method of sorting sunflower seeds is as follows.

After the initial cleaning, a layer of heap of sunflower seeds of the Lakomka variety is formed with a moisture content of not more than 16% with a thickness not exceeding the size of the sunflower seeds, depending on the physicomechanical properties. At a moisture content of more than 16%, the aerodynamic properties of the components of a heap of sunflower seeds change. Further, the seed material is fed to the sieve for processing. Along its route, the material is blown by an inclined suction air stream by passing through a pneumatic aspiration channel under pressure, which makes it possible to separate light impurities with dust by creating a soaring speed of no more than 8 m / s. After cleaning, the remaining heavy impurity, at which the soaring speed is respectively 6.68 m / s and 6.46 m / s for fragments of baskets and stems, sieved through sieves from partially large and small impurities. Seeds are sent for further sorting, where by means of a divider the seed material is divided into two equal parts, each of which enters the sieves working in parallel. Then sift, and the purified material enters the air aspiration channel. In it, the seed material is subjected to final aspiration in a vertical air flow, in which the speed of soaring is 7.28 m / s. Light and puny seeds with a speed of 7.97 m / s with suction air flow are fed into the upper part of the channel, where they are deposited and removed from the machine in the expansion part.

A specific example of a method for sorting sunflower seeds. The starting material was the components of a pile of sunflower seeds of the Lakomka variety, which underwent initial purification on a seed purifier Petkus K-531. Next, a heap layer is formed with a thickness depending on the physicomechanical properties of sunflower seeds, in which the thickness varies from 2.8 to 6.0 mm and a width of 5 to 9 mm.

The thickness of the heap layer should not exceed the size of the seeds, otherwise the sorting efficiency will decrease. The average values of the speeds of the components of the heap are the following values: fragments of baskets - 6.68 m / s; stalk fragments - 6.46 m / s; broken seeds - 6.83 m / s; whole seeds - 7.28 m / s and collapsed seeds - 7.97 m / s.

The speed of the soaring of sunflower seeds of the Lakomka variety of various thickness varies from 4.04 to 10.14 m / s. Moreover, its average value varied from 6.97 m / s for seeds with a thickness of up to 3.2 mm and up to 7.51 m / s for seeds with a thickness of more than 4 mm (Fig. 1).

The speed of sunflower seeds soaring varies from 4.22 to 9.56 m / s. Moreover, for sunflower seeds with a width of 5 mm, it is 6.94 m / s, and for 9 mm - 7.3 m / s (Fig. 2).

The effectiveness of the quality of the sorting of sunflower seeds of the Lakomka variety is proved by the indicators presented in the table.

Performing technological operations on the method of sorting sunflower seeds will improve the efficiency of cleaning sunflower seeds from impurities.

Claims (1)

A method of sorting sunflower seeds, including processing on sieves and in air-aspiration channels in preliminary and final aspiration, characterized in that after primary cleaning, a layer of heap of sunflower seeds is formed with a moisture content of not more than 16% and with a thickness not exceeding the size of sunflower seeds, depending on physical and mechanical properties, then subjected to treatment with an inclined suction air stream by passing through a pneumatic aspiration channel preliminary aspiration under pressure with a method that makes it possible to create a soaring speed of light impurities with dust no more than 8 m / s to remove them, then the remaining heavy impurity is sifted through sieves from partially large and small impurities, then the remaining seeds are divided into two equal parts, sieved and subjected to final aspiration in a vertical intake air stream, feeding seeds to its upper part, followed by sedimentation and withdrawal of purified seeds.

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