TWI838372B - 丁基原啡因衍生物之長效注射劑型及結晶型 - Google Patents
丁基原啡因衍生物之長效注射劑型及結晶型 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI838372B TWI838372B TW108116576A TW108116576A TWI838372B TW I838372 B TWI838372 B TW I838372B TW 108116576 A TW108116576 A TW 108116576A TW 108116576 A TW108116576 A TW 108116576A TW I838372 B TWI838372 B TW I838372B
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- crystalline form
- butyl
- acyl
- orthomorphine
- butylorphine
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Abstract
本揭示內容係有關用於治療鴉片類依賴症、疼痛或憂鬱症之3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物之結晶型和緩釋注射劑型之醫藥組成物,包含3-醯基-丁基原啡因晶型之水性懸浮液或其醫學上可接受之鹽,其中該組成物不包括有機溶劑、聚乳酸聚合物、聚乙醇酸聚合物、或聚乳酸和聚乙醇酸之共聚物。本揭示內容還包括在含有聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(poly(lactide-co-glycolide))、蔗糖乙酸異丁酸酯(sucrose acetoisobutyrate)、卵磷脂(lecithin)、二油酯及其兩種或更多種之組合的控釋基質中製備3-醯基-丁基原啡因或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
Description
本揭示內容係有關丁基原啡因衍生物之結晶型和劑型。特定言之,本揭示內容係有關包含丁基原啡因衍生物或其代謝物或前藥之可注射的組成物、其用途、以及使用該丁基原啡因衍生物或其代謝物或前藥治療鴉片類依賴性、疼痛和憂鬱症的治療方法。
丁基原啡因((5 α,7 α(s))-17-環丙甲基)-α-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-環氧基-18,19-二氫-3-羥基-6-甲氧基-α-甲基-6,14-亞乙烯基嗎啡喃-7-甲醇)是蒂巴因的衍生物,屬於鴉片類生物鹼。丁基原啡因的結構係如下式(式I)所示,分子量為467.64:
作為具有部分效力的μ-受體促效劑,丁基原啡因具有可與其他完全促效劑(例如:嗎啡、美沙冬)等競爭的較高親和力。丁基原啡因效力比嗎啡高25至40倍,以數種劑型用於治療中度至重度慢性疼痛,以及術前鎮痛,例如Buprenex®(肌肉內注射或靜脈注射)、Norspan®、Butrans®(穿皮貼劑)、Temgesic®(舌下錠)和Belbuca®(口頰溶片)。健康受試者中的Butrans對應於5至20μg/小時劑量的治療濃度(Cmax)為0.1至0.5ng/mL。此外,鹽酸丁基原啡因的各種產品經批准以較高劑量用於治療鴉片類成癮,例如,Subutex®(舌下錠)、SublocadeTM(皮下注射),且有些是鹽酸丁丙諾非和鹽酸納洛酮的組合產品,例如,Suboxone®(舌下溶片,其鹽酸丁基原啡因和鹽酸納洛酮的比為4:1)、Zubsolv®(舌下錠)和Bunavail®(口頰溶片)。Suboxone對應於2至16mg舌下溶片劑量的治療濃度(Cmax)為1至6ng/mL。
此外,丁基原啡因也是κ-鴉片類受體的有效拮抗劑,可導致耐受性降低並具有抗憂鬱作用。近來,丁基原啡因用於組合產品ALK-5461,其由丁基原啡因(κ-受體拮抗劑)和samidorphan(μ-受體促效劑)組成,並宣稱具有抗憂鬱作用。
在先前的研究中,已揭露各種丁基原啡因衍生物,其中,藉由形成酯鍵鍵結以修飾酚基係較常見的。合成此等酯類衍生物並與丁基原啡因及其鹽酸鹽進行比較。在1995年,Stinchcomb等人發表了一篇與丁基原啡因的3-烷基酯類衍生物(下式II,R=乙醯基、丙醯基、丁醯基、戊醯基、己醯基、庚醯基)有關的文章(Pharm.Res.(1995),12, 1526-1529)。此等衍生物被視為前驅藥(prodrug),並聲稱可改善母體化合物的生理化學特性,並增加其通過皮膚的相對滲透率:Biol.Pharm.Bull.(1996),19,263-267和Pharm.Res.(1996),13,1519-1523。
此後,數種C3-酯化之丁基原啡因衍生物及其應用已揭露於多個專利。例如,授予Euro-Celtique S.A.的美國第7,084,150號專利描述了一大類丁基原啡因前驅藥和類似物,其包括酯鍵或醚鍵修飾的衍生物。授予Jhi-Joung Wang的歐洲第1422230號專利揭露丁基原啡因的二聚合衍生物和類似的烷羰基衍生物,這些衍生物的前驅藥策略和油載體藉由肌肉內或皮下注射導入,展現5小時至96小時的延長鎮痛作用。
在授予Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare(UK)Limited的美國第7,964,610號專利中也描述了一系列丁基原啡因酯類衍生物。丁基原啡因以二羧酸或酯修飾,然後用於治療類鴉片藥物濫用/依賴和治療中度至重度疼痛。
丁基原啡因有多種持續緩釋設計,用於治療類鴉片藥物依賴和慢性疼痛。例如,Titan Pharmaceuticals,Inc.開發了鹽酸丁基原啡因的皮下植入產品Probuphine®,其係利用該公司由乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)和藥物物質的混合物所製成的創新藥物輸送系統ProNeuraTM所製成。
Probuphine®藉由手術植入患者體內,每六個月施用一次,並在治療結束後以手術移除。
Camurus建立了一種新穎的藥物輸送系統FluidCrystal®,其係以磷脂醯膽鹼和甘油二油酯所構成的脂質液晶為基礎,於美國第2013/0190341號專利公開案中所揭露的劑型設計為治療鴉片類依賴和慢性疼痛的長效丁基原啡因產品,藉由皮下注射每週或每月投藥。
Brookwood Pharmaceuticals,Inc.的美國第2003/0152638號專利公開案揭露一種可注射之緩釋微球(microsphere)劑型,其包括丁基原啡因和聚(D,L-乳酸)(poly(D,L-lactide)),可用於治療哺乳動物的海洛因和酒精濫用,具有至少28天以上的療效。
美國第2014/0271869號專利公開案(Oakwood Laboratories LLC)揭露一種生物可分解的劑型,係使用其專利技術ChronijectTM,該平台是利用可注射的聚合物微球系統進行藥物遞送。丁基原啡因微球可生產為具有更高的藥物載量,並主張可達成持續釋放至少一個月至數個月。
Indivior PLC(WO 2011/154724)開發了每月一次的長效緩釋劑型(monthly depot),採用Atrigel系統生產用於治療鴉片類依賴的可流動注射劑型,成分包含丁基原啡因游離鹼、生物可分解的聚合物和生物相容性溶劑,該溶解的液體經注射後於原位(in situ)轉化為固態植入物,可提供1個月和3個月的釋放曲線(release profile)。另外,懸浮液和溶液劑型分別在WO 2011/154725和WO 2015/136253中揭露。懸浮液由丁基原啡因和聚乙二醇聚合物在含水條件下組成,經單一肌肉內注射或
皮下注射於狗的體內,提供7至30天的治療期。至於該揭露的溶液,係由丁基原啡因或其鹽之形式和不含生物可分解聚合物的生物相容性有機溶劑所組成,經單次皮下注射於比格犬體內後,該劑型能夠提供至少一個月的治療期。
儘管上述現有藥物劑型能夠提供延長釋放的丁基原啡因,但仍需發展具有更好特性的劑型,例如不含有機溶劑的劑型,以減少局部部位刺激的風險,或具有較高的生體可用率(bioavailability),或具有較小波動的藥物動力學曲線,並且在單次注射後沒有顯著突釋效應(burst effect)的劑型。
本揭示內容係有關丁基原啡因或其前驅藥、醫藥上可接受的鹽及代謝物的各種緩釋醫藥組成物,包含丁基原啡因衍生物的水性懸浮液及控釋基質,諸如微球的水性懸浮液、基於聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(PLGA)的溶液、基於脂質的劑型和基於蔗糖乙酸異丁酸酯的劑型。本揭示內容的劑型具有至少一週至數個月的治療有效持續時間。
本揭示內容的一個態樣係有關不使用有機溶劑的可注射懸浮液或其組合。已知在注射的藥物製劑中使用有機溶劑可增強其溶解性,但局部部位刺激的風險將不可避免地增加。根據本揭示內容的一個具體實施例,一種可注射醫藥組成物包含一種在稀釋劑中的結晶型3-醯基-丁基原啡因或其醫學上可接受的鹽,該稀釋劑包含聚乙二醇(PEG)聚合物、聚
山梨醇酯和磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水,其中該可注射醫藥組成物呈現出至少一週的穩定釋放曲線,並且在單次注射後具有很少的局部部位刺激風險。
根據本揭示內容的具體實施例,長效懸浮液劑型係由結晶型3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物製備,該醯基是烷基羰基,烷基羰基的烷基部分是具有1至17個碳原子的直鏈或分支鏈。
在一個具體實施例中,本發明提供具有如下X-射線粉末繞射圖式的結晶型3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物:
根據本揭示內容的具體實施例,其係有關於水性懸浮液,其中3-醯基-丁基原啡因或其醫藥上可接受的鹽以1至99%重量/體積、5至90%重量/體積、5至60%重量/體積、或10至30%重量/體積的濃度存在。
根據本揭示內容的具體實施例,其係有關於控釋基質劑型。在基於PLGA的劑型、基於脂質的劑型和基於蔗糖乙酸異丁酸酯的劑型中所使用的生物相容性有機溶劑是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、異丙醇、甘油、苯甲酸芐酯、二甲基亞碸、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、丙二醇、二甲基乙二醇、苯甲醇、酯、醚、醯胺、碳酸酯、內醯胺、磺醯基或其任合組合。
根據本揭示內容的具體實施例,可注射醫藥組成物進一步包含防腐劑。根據本揭示內容的具體實施例,防腐劑係選自對羥苯甲酸甲酯、對羥苯甲酸丙酯和苯甲醇所組成的群組。
根據本揭示內容的具體實施例,可注射醫藥組成物係配製成用於皮下注射、肌肉內注射或皮內注射。
本揭示內容的另一態樣涉及治療類鴉片類成癮、疼痛或憂鬱症的方法。根據本揭示內容的一個具體實施例的方法包括對有需要的受試者施用治療有效量的可注射醫藥組成物,該可注射醫藥組成物係依據上述任何具體實施例所述。
根據本揭示內容的具體實施例,施用的頻率為每週一次、每月一次或每三個月一次。
本揭示內容的其他態樣將藉由附圖和以下詳細描述呈現。
第1圖顯示乙酸丁基原啡因結晶型的X-射線粉末繞射圖式。
第2圖顯示乙酸丁基原啡因結晶型的示差掃描熱析法(DSC)圖式。
第3圖顯示乙酸丁基原啡因結晶型的1H核磁共振(NMR)光譜。
第4圖顯示乙酸丁基原啡因結晶型的傅里葉轉換紅外光譜術(FTIR)的光譜。
第5圖顯示三甲乙酸丁基原啡因結晶型的X射線粉末繞射圖式。
第6圖顯示三甲乙酸丁基原啡因結晶型的DSC圖式。
第7圖顯示三甲乙酸丁基原啡因結晶型的1H NMR光譜。
第8圖顯示三甲乙酸丁基原啡因結晶型的FTIR光譜。
第9圖顯示戊酸丁基原啡因結晶型的X射線粉末繞射圖式。
第10圖顯示戊酸丁基原啡因結晶型的DSC圖式。
第11圖顯示戊酸丁基原啡因結晶型的1H NMR光譜。
第12圖顯示戊酸丁基原啡因結晶型的FTIR光譜。
第13圖顯示己酸丁基原啡因結晶型的X射線粉末繞射圖式。
第14圖顯示己酸丁基原啡因結晶型的DSC圖式。
第15圖顯示己酸丁基原啡因結晶型的1H NMR光譜。
第16圖顯示己酸丁基原啡因結晶型的FTIR光譜。
第17圖顯示癸酸丁基原啡因結晶型的X射線粉末繞射圖式。
第18圖顯示癸酸丁基原啡因結晶型的DSC圖式。
第19圖顯示癸酸丁基原啡因結晶型的1H NMR光譜。
第20圖顯示癸酸丁基原啡因結晶型的FTIR光譜。
第21圖顯示十二烷酸丁基原啡因結晶型的X射線粉末繞射圖式。
第22圖顯示十二烷酸丁基原啡因結晶型的DSC圖式。
第23圖顯示十二烷酸丁基原啡因結晶型的1H NMR光譜。
第24圖顯示十二烷酸丁基原啡因結晶型的FTIR光譜。
第25圖顯示AS01-07的體外溶離釋放%。
第26圖顯示AS08-09的體外溶離釋放%。
第27圖顯示MSA02和MSA05的體外溶離釋放%。
第28圖顯示MSB01-05的體外溶離釋放%。
第29圖顯示PS01、PS02、PS09和PS10的體外溶離釋放%。
第30圖顯示PS03-08的體外溶離釋放%。
第31圖顯示BDSB1和LS01-04的體外溶離釋放%。
第32圖顯示大鼠中AS01-04的藥物動力學(PK)特性。
第33圖顯示大鼠中AS05-07的PK特性。
第34圖顯示小型豬中AS08的PK特性。
第35圖顯示大鼠中MSA02-05和MSB01-02的PK特性。
第36圖顯示狗中MSA01、MSA02和MSA05的PK特性。
第37圖顯示大鼠中PS03和PS10的PK特性。
本揭示內容的具體實施例係有關於丁基原啡因衍生物的劑型,其形式為結晶型丁基原啡因衍生物的水性懸浮液、微球的水性懸浮液、基於PLGA的溶液、基於脂質的劑型和基於蔗糖乙酸異丁酸酯的劑型,單
次施用以治療鴉片類成癮、疼痛或憂鬱症,具有長效釋放曲線,並呈現很少的初始突釋效應。根據本發明的具體實施例,丁基原啡因衍生物為3-烷基酯衍生物,即,在丁基原啡因的3-羥基(苯酚)基和烷基羰基化(醯化)試劑之間形成的酯類。
根據本揭示內容的具體實施例,烷基羰基試劑(R-CO-X)中的R是烷基殘基,可以是醯氯、醯基酸酐或醯基活性酯。烷基羰基的烷基部分可以是直鏈或分支鏈烷基。烷基部分可含有任何合適數目的碳,例如1至18(C1-C18)、1至16(C1-C16)、1至12(C1-C12)、1-10(C1-C10)、1至5(C1-C5)或1至3(C1-C3)。烷基羰基(醯基)的實例可包括乙醯基、丙醯基、丁醯基、戊醯基、己醯基、癸醯基、硬脂基和棕櫚基。
根據本揭示內容的具體實施例,可以使用傳統方法合成丁基原啡因衍生物。丁基原啡因或其鹽可以從幾種商業來源購買,諸如Sigma-Aldrich。製備丁基原啡因衍生物可以在鹼(例如,三乙胺)的存在下,使丁基原啡因(或其鹽)與醯氯反應以形成酯鍵。可以用傳統的方法(例如,管柱層析術)純化產物(3-醯基-丁基原啡因或3-烷基羰基-丁基原啡因)。
如本說明書中所述,丁基原啡因衍生物是指3-醯基-丁基原啡因(3-烷基羰基-丁基原啡因)或其鹽。本揭示內容的丁基原啡因衍生物可以用作前驅藥,可以轉化為母化合物丁基原啡因。
結晶型丁基原啡因衍生物係藉由X射線繞射(XRD)、示差掃描熱析法(DSC)、核磁共振光譜術(NMR)和紅外光譜(IR)進一步描述其特徵。
本揭示內容的劑型可包含懸浮在含有PEG聚合物、聚山梨醇酯和磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水的水性稀釋劑中的3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物。水性懸浮劑型可含有任何合適濃度的丁基原啡因衍生物或其鹽,例如1至99%重量/體積、1至90%重量/體積、5至90%重量/體積、5至80%重量/體積、10至70%重量/體積、或10至60%重量/體積。應注意的是,當本說明書揭露數值範圍時,意圖包括該範圍內的所有數字,如同這些數字中的每一者已被單獨揭露一樣。
本揭示內容的劑型可進一步可包括另一種醫藥上可接受的賦形劑、載體、稀釋劑或防腐劑。根據本揭示內容的具體實施例,防腐劑可選自對羥苯甲酸甲酯、對羥苯甲酸丙酯和苯甲醇所組成的群組。
本揭示內容的劑型可包括3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物或其鹽形式的微球和含有磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水、羧甲基纖維素鈉和聚山梨醇酯的水性稀釋劑。用於微球的熱塑性聚合物可以是聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、具有羧端基或酯末端基之50/50、55/45、60/40、65/35、70/30、75/25、80/20、85/15、90/10或95/5聚(DL-乳酸-共-乙醇酸)或其組合。
本揭示內容的劑型可包括3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物或其鹽形式、熱塑性聚合物和一或多種合適的生物相容性溶劑。丁基原啡因衍生物可以是游離鹼或其醫藥上可接受的鹽的形式,例如HCL鹽、甲酸鹽、乙酸鹽、檸檬酸等。熱塑性聚合物可以是聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、具有羧端基或酯末端基之50/50、55/45、60/40、65/35、70/30、75/25、80/20、85/15、90/10或95/5聚(DL-乳酸-共-乙醇酸)或其組合。生物相容性溶劑可以是有機溶劑,諸如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、乙醇
(EtOH)、丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、甘油、苯甲酸芐酯(BnBzO)、二甲基亞碸、丙二醇、二甲基乙二醇和苯甲醇。
本揭示內容的劑型可包括溶解在基於脂質的溶液中的3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物或其鹽形式,該基於脂質的溶液包括卵磷脂、二油酯和生物相容性溶劑。生物相容性溶劑可以是有機溶劑,諸如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、乙醇(EtOH)、丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、甘油、苯甲酸芐酯(BnBzO)、二甲基亞碸、丙二醇、二甲基乙二醇和苯甲醇。
本揭示內容的劑型可包括3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物或其鹽形式的離子錯合物、溶解或懸浮在生物相容性溶劑中的蔗糖乙酸異丁酸酯(SAIB)。生物相容性溶劑可以是有機溶劑,諸如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、乙醇(EtOH)、丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、甘油、苯甲酸芐酯(BnBzO)、二甲基亞碸、丙二醇、二甲基乙二醇和苯甲醇。
本揭示內容的各種劑型不具有不良的初始突釋現象,並且呈現1週、2週、3週、1個月、2個月、3個月、4個月、5個月、6個月或更長時間的持續釋放曲線。不具有顯著突釋現象釋放的丁基原啡因劑型不僅可以降低數種全身不良反應的風險,例如針狀瞳孔(pinpoint pupils)、鎮靜、低血壓和呼吸抑制,還可以減輕醫生須經常監測患者的負擔。此外,不含有機溶劑的丁基原啡因衍生物的水性懸浮液劑型表現出高生體可用率、至少一週醫藥上有效的血漿濃度,並且局部部位反應的風險最小。
本揭示內容的具體實施例將藉由以下實施例進一步闡釋。然而,本發明所屬技術領域的技術人員瞭解此等實施例僅作為例示性說明,並且可有不悖離本揭示內容範疇的其他修改和變化。
實施例1:3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物的合成
以下描述是用於合成3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物的方法。加入鹽酸丁基原啡因和二氯甲烷(DCM)懸浮液至合適的三頸圓底燒瓶,置於冰浴中冷卻。然後,在攪拌下緩慢加入三甲胺(TEA),再將醯氯逐滴加入燒瓶中。加入所有材料後,停止冰浴。該反應混合物在環境溫度下進行1至4小時,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液中和反應混合物。以鹽水洗滌有機層,然後用硫酸鈉乾燥。在減壓下縮合後,獲得粗丁基原啡因衍生物。(表1)
實施例2:3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物的結晶
以下是3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物的結晶方法。將粗3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物在環境溫度下或在加熱的油或食用浴中溶解於表2中所述的溶劑中。然後,將溶解的混合物以冰浴冷卻,形成結晶型之3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物。
以上獲得的結晶型3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物藉由XRD、DSC、NMR和IR描述其特徵。
乙酸丁基原啡因的結晶型係藉由X射線繞射圖式(Bruker,D8 DISCOVER SSS多用途薄膜X射線繞射儀)描述其特徵,該X射線繞射圖式的峰位於4.70、8.44、9.38、10.74、12.42、14.12、17.72、18.40、18.78、20.08、20.56、25.04、26.88、28.42、28.46度2 θ(第1圖),及其熔點係藉由示差掃描量熱析法DSC(Mettler-Toledo,TGA/DSC 3+STARe系統)測定為167.69℃(第2圖)。乙酸丁基原啡因結晶型之結構係以核磁共振NMR(Bruker,Ascend TM 400MHz)和傅里葉轉換紅外光譜術FTIR(Thermo,Nicolet-IS10 Mattson Satellite-5000光譜儀)確認(第3和4圖)。代表性1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):6.81(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.62(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),5.93(s,1H),4.45(s,1H),3.49(s,3H),3.03(m,2H),2.94-2.81(m,1H),2.64(dd,1H,J=4.8,12.0Hz),2.40-2.24(m,7H),2.14(t,1H,J=10.0Hz),2.04-1.78(m,3H),1.77-1.68(dd,1H,J=2.8,13.2Hz),1.42-1.38(m,4H),1.15-1.01(m,10H),0.89-0.77(m,1H),0.77-0.65(m,1H),0.51(m,2H),0.14(m,2H)。FTIR吸收帶(cm-1):3439,2928,1760,1610,1450,1399,1192,1136,1094,963,827,668(±1cm-1)。
三甲乙酸丁基原啡因的結晶型係藉由X射線繞射圖式(PHILIPS X'PERT Pro,PHILIPS X'PERT Pro MPD)描述其特徵,該X射線繞射圖式之峰位於5.93、6.03、9.08、9.18、9.33、9.58、9.68、10.83、10.93、11.03、12.18、12.28、12.78、12.88、12.98、15.58、15.73、15.83、
15.98、17.38、17.53、18.18、18.28、18.38、19.43、27.73、27.83、29.18度2 θ(第5圖),及其熔點係藉由示差掃描熱析法DSC(Mettler-Toledo,TGA/DSC 3+STARe系統)測定為145.43℃(第6圖)。三甲乙酸丁基原啡因結晶型的結構係以核磁共振NMR(Bruker,Ascend TM 400MHz)和傅里葉轉換紅外光譜術FTIR(Thermo,Nicolet-IS10 Mattson Satellite-5000光譜儀)鑑定。(第7和8圖)。代表性1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):6.78(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.61(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),5.94(s,1H),4.44(d,1H,J=1.6Hz),3.48(s,3H),3.04(m,2H),2.91(m,1H),2.64(dd,1H,J=4.8,12.0Hz),2.42-2.20(m,4H),2.13(t,1H,J=10.0Hz),2.05-1.89(m,2H),1.89-1.68(m,2H),1.37(s,3H),1.34(m,10H),1.06(m,10H),0.82(m,1H),0.69(m,1H),0.51(m,2H),0.14(m,2H)。FTIR吸收帶(cm-1):3428,2954,2827,1753,1614,1478,1448,1407(±1cm-1)。
戊酸丁基原啡因的結晶型係藉由X射線繞射圖式(PHILIPS X'PERT Pro,PHILIPS X'PERT Pro MPD)描述其特徵,該X射線繞射圖式之峰位於2.33、5.73、5.83、5.98、6.13、9.33、9.43、9.53、9.63、9.98、10.08、10.18、11.83、11.93、12.03、12.53、12.68、12.83、12.98、13.08、15.73、15.88、16.03、16.38、18.28、18.38、18.58、19.28、19.43、22.23度2 θ(第9圖),及其熔點係藉由示差掃描量熱析法DSC(Mettler-Toledo,TGA/DSC 3+STARe系統)測定為104.98至108.32℃(第10圖)。戊酸丁基原啡因結晶型的結構係以核磁共振NMR(Bruker,Ascend TM 400MHz)和傅里葉轉換紅外光譜術FTIR(Thermo,Nicolet-IS10 Mattson
Satellite-5000光譜儀)鑑定(第11和12圖)。代表性1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):6.79(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.61(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),5.93(s,1H),4.44(d,1H,J=1.6Hz),3.48(s,3H),3.04(m,2H),2.91(m,1H),2.64(dd,1H,J=4.8,12.0Hz),2.55(t,2H,J=7.6Hz),2.40-2.20(m,4H),2.14(t,1H),2.07-1.78(m,3H),1.78-1.68(m,3H),1.48-1.28(m,6H),1.15-1.01(m,10H),0.94(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),0.83(m,1H),0.71(m,1H),0.51(m,2H),0.14(m,2H)。FTIR吸收帶(cm-1):3438,2950,2926,2816,1760,1607,1492,1447,1401(±1cm-1)。
己酸丁基原啡因的結晶型係藉由X射線繞射圖式(PHILIPS X'PERT Pro,PHILIPS X'PERT Pro MPD)描述其特徵,該X射線繞射圖式之峰位於2.33、7.53、8.13、9.05、10.93、11.08、12.93、13.13、13.38、13.48、15.88、16.03、17.18、17.28、17.73、17.93、21.13、21.23、21.33度2 θ(第13圖),及其熔點係藉由示差掃描量熱析法DSC(Mettler-Toledo,TGA/DSC 3+STARe系統)測定為80.30至84.31℃(第14圖)。己酸丁基原啡因結晶型之結構係以核磁共振NMR(Bruker,Ascend TM 400MHz)和傅里葉轉換紅外光譜術FTIR(Thermo,Nicolet-IS10 Mattson Satellite-5000光譜儀)鑑定(第15和16圖)。代表性1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):6.79(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.61(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),5.93(s,1H),4.44(d,1H,J=1.6Hz),3.48(s,3H),3.04(m,2H),2.91(m,1H),2.64(dd,1H,J=4.8,12.0Hz),2.54(t,2H,J=7.6Hz),2.45-2.20(m,4H),2.14(t,1H),2.08-1.65(m,6H),1.42-1.30(m,8H),1.16-1.02(m,10H),0.93(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),0.83(m,1H),0.71(m,1H),0.51
(m,2H),0.14(m,2H)。FTIR吸收帶(cm-1):3453,2944,2923,2865,1760,1610,1449,1398(±1cm-1)。
癸酸丁基原啡因的結晶型係以X射線繞射圖式(Bruker,D8 DISCOVER SSS多用途薄膜X射線衍射儀)描述其特徵,該X射線繞射圖式在5.80、8.00、10.50、11.50、11.60、13.82、14.44、14.96、16.06、17.34、18.32、18.58、18.98、19.44、20.92、23.06、23.40、24.22、24.38、24.92度2 θ處顯示峰(第17圖),該結晶產物的熔點係以示差掃描量熱析法DSC(Mettler-Toledo,TGA/DSC 3+STARe系統)測定為86.37℃(第18圖)。癸酸丁基原啡因之結構係以核磁共振NMR(Bruker,Ascend TM 400MHz)和傅立葉轉換紅外光譜術FTIR(Thermo,Nicolet-IS10 Mattson Satellite-5000光譜儀)(第19和20圖)鑑定。代表性1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):6.79(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.61(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),5.94(s,1H),4.44(d,1H,J=1.6Hz),3.48(s,3H),3.04(m,2H),2.91(m,1H),2.64(dd,1H,J=5.2,12.0Hz),2.54(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),2.40-2.25(m,4H),2.14(t,1H,J=9.6Hz),2.03-1.90(m,2H),1.87-1.80(m,1H),1.75-1.68(m,3H),1.42-1.29(m,17H),1.12-1.06(m,9H),0.94(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),0.83(m,1H),0.71(m,1H),0.51(m,2H),0.14(m,2H)。FTIR吸收帶(cm-1):3439,2928,1760,1610,1450,1399,1192,1136,1094,963,827,及668(±1cm-1)。
十二烷丁基原啡因酸之結晶型係藉由X射線繞射圖式(PHILIPS X'PERT Pro,PHILIPS X'PERT Pro MPD)描述其特徵,該X射線繞射圖式之峰位於5.68、8.03、9.88、9.98、10.93、11.38、11.48、
17.13、17.23、17.33、18.18、18.28、18.38、18.93、19.13、19.23、19.53、21.03度2 θ(第21圖),及其熔點係藉由示差掃描量熱析法DSC(Mettler-Toledo,TGA/DSC 3+STARe系統)測定為74.99至77.30℃(第22圖)。十二烷酸丁基原啡因結晶型之結構係以核磁共振NMR(Bruker,Ascend TM 400MHz)和傅里葉轉換紅外光譜術FTIR(Thermo,Nicolet-IS10 Mattson Satellite-5000光譜儀)鑑定(第23和24圖)。代表性1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):6.79(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.61(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),5.94(s,1H),4.44(d,1H,J=2.0Hz),3.48(s,3H),3.10-3.00(m,2H),2.97-2.87(m,1H),2.64(dd,1H,J=4.8,12.0Hz),2.54(t,2H,J=7.6Hz),2.42-2.22(m,4H),2.14(t,1H,J=9.6Hz),2.07-1.78(m,3H),1.77-1.66(m,3H),1.46-1.22(m,20H),1.14-1.01(m,10H),0.90(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),0.87-0.78(m,1H),0.77-0.65(m,1H),0.58-0.45(m,2H),0.19-0.08(m,2H)。FTIR吸收帶(cm-1):3453,2944,2923,2865,1760,1610,1449,1398(±1cm-1)。
上述實施例顯示了本揭示內容的有限數量的酯衍生物。本發明所屬技術領域的技術人員將理解,可以以類似的方式製備其他類似的酯衍生物。
實施例3:丁基原啡因衍生物及其鹽形式在溶解介質中的溶解度
將過量的化合物(包括丁基原啡因游離鹼、丁基原啡因衍生物或其鹽形式)秤入含有5mL溶解介質的玻璃管中。介質與前述例子相同。然後將管密封,並在55℃水浴中以60rpm的速率放入往復式振盪器
中。以0.45μm尼龍過濾器過濾溶液,然後將濾液用乙腈進一步稀釋,以HPLC法測定各化合物的含量。
表3顯示丁基原啡因衍生物(結晶型)的溶解度小於其母體化合物(丁基原啡因游離鹼)。癸酸丁基原啡因酯結晶型的溶解度比母體化合物的溶解度差近10倍。在製備鹽形式後,發現鹽形式的丁基原啡因衍生物的溶解度優於其游離鹼和母體化合物(表4)。
實施例4:丁基原啡因衍生物水性懸浮液之製備
秤取已知量的3-醯基-丁基原啡因衍生物,並將其懸浮於稀釋劑中,該稀釋劑係由PEG4000(30mg/mL)和Tween 20(3至6mg/mL)於PBS緩衝液中所組成。通過音波震動處理和搖動混合該製劑並進一步研磨。組成物和方法列於表5中,粒子大小分布結果如表6所示。
實施例5:微球的製備
方法A
方法A中的微球製備方法係藉由雙乳劑進行。將已知量的聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)和活性藥物成分秤入玻璃小瓶中,以二氯甲烷(3mL)溶解該混合物,向其中加入聚乙烯醇水溶液(1%,6mL)。在冰浴中使用均質器,以5000rpm的速率5分鐘懸浮該混合物,然後將均質之懸浮液滴入含有聚乙烯醇水溶液(1%,1000mL)的燒杯中,在加熱至40℃下攪拌(800rpm)。3小時後,以離心機收集微粒子,並使用二次水洗滌數次,再經由冷凍乾燥除去微粒中的殘留水,該劑型的組成物列於下表7中。
方法B
方法B係使用T形環(Western Analytical,Tee Asy Tefzel 1/16” 0.020”口徑)進行,將一組注射器和針頭(Hamilton 81520 5mL,Model 1005 TLL和Hamilton Metal Hub N726S NDL 6/PK(26S/2”/3))插入其末端入口作為分散相部分,其中一個側向入口以管道與泵連接,作為連續相部分。
微球製備係使用連續乳化/溶劑萃取程序。將分散相填充到含有API的聚合物溶液的注射器中,該聚合物溶液係由PLGA和二氯甲烷組成。分散相的流速係藉由輸注注射泵(KDS 100,KD Scientific)以0.3mL/分鐘的速率控制。同時,以2mL/分鐘的速率泵送含有1%聚乙烯醇水溶液的連續相。將出口通過管道連接到含有1%聚乙烯醇水溶液的燒杯中。淬滅過程在環境或加熱條件下進行。以0.45μm膜過濾微球,並以二次水洗滌數次,此後,將微球在環境溫度真空乾燥。劑型組成物列於表8中。
實施例6:基於PLGA劑型之製備
將丁基原啡因衍生物、聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)和生物相容性溶劑加入玻璃小瓶中,將混合物置於50℃水浴中,並持續攪拌直至所有成分溶解。將混合物從水浴中取出,並在環境溫度同時攪拌而產生溶液。基於PLGA劑型的組成列於下表9中。
實施例7:基於脂質劑型之製備
基於脂質的劑型係藉由混合丁基原啡因衍生物、卵磷脂、二油酯和生物相容性溶劑而製備。基於脂質之劑型的組成物列於下表10中。
實施例8:基於SAIB液體劑型之製備
將癸酸丁基原啡因(203.1mg,1.0當量)溶於乙醇(2mL)中。將十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)溶於蒸餾去離子水(20mL)中。將癸酸丁基原啡因溶液逐滴加到SDS溶液中,在混合物溶液中產生微小的沉澱物。於減壓環境下濃縮混合物以形成癸酸丁基原啡因-SDS離子錯合物。將離子
錯合物(6%重量/重量)進一步與蔗糖乙酸異丁酸酯(SAIB,38%重量/重量)和NMP(56%重量/重量)混合以形成劑型BDSB1。
實施例9:劑型之體外溶解試驗
進一步研究實施例4至8中之劑型之體外溶解曲線。溶解介質係由在磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水中的1%十二烷基硫酸鈉和0.02%疊氮化鈉所構成。將管子同時置於37℃或55℃水浴的往復式振盪器中以60rpm的速率進行反應,在特定時間點取出管子,取樣1mL溶液,然後再填充1mL新鮮培養基。此等丁基原啡因衍生物樣本及其母化合物(即,丁基原啡因游離鹼)係以HPLC分析,體外釋放曲線如第25至31圖和表11至18所示。
實施例10:丁基原啡因衍生物之水性懸浮液在大鼠和小型豬中的藥物動力學曲線
將實施例4中之丁基原啡因衍生物水性懸浮液劑型以60mg/kg丁基原啡因當量之劑量皮下或肌肉內施用於SD雄性大鼠,得到的丁基原啡因的平均血漿濃度與時間的關係曲線如第32至33圖和表19至
20所示。將AS08劑型皮下注射至蘭嶼雄性小型豬中,丁基原啡因的平均血漿濃度與時間的關係曲線如第34圖和表21所示。
實施例11:含有丁基原啡因衍生物的微球水性懸浮液在大鼠和狗中的藥物動力學曲線
將如實施例5中所示的四種癸酸丁基原啡因檸檬酸鹽的微球劑型製備成100至150mg/mL濃度的懸浮液。稀釋劑係由10mM磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水、1.25%羧甲基纖維素鈉和0.05%Tween 80所構成。懸浮液劑型係以60mg/kg丁基原啡因當量的劑量肌肉內或皮下注射至SD雄性大鼠中,藥物動力學曲線結果如第35圖和表22至23所示。
如實施例5中所示的包含三種癸酸丁基原啡因及其檸檬酸鹽的微球製備成濃度為300mg/mL之懸浮液。稀釋劑係由10mM磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水、1.25%羧甲基纖維素鈉和0.05%Tween 80所構成。懸浮液
劑型係以18.9mg/kg丁基原啡因當量的劑量以肌肉內注射到比格犬中,藥物動力學曲線結果如第36圖和表24所示。
實施例12:基於PLGA之劑型在大鼠中的藥物動力學曲線
將實施例6中所製備基於PLGA劑型的PS03和PS10以60mg/kg丁基原啡因當量的劑量皮下注射或在SD雄性大鼠中注射。藥物動力學剖面結果如第37圖和表25所示。
上述具體實施例僅是例示性,且本發明所屬技術領域的技術人員將認知到或將能夠使用不超過常規的實驗、材料和方法以確效特定化合物的許多等效物。所有這些等效物都被認為是在本揭示內容的範疇內,並且包含在所附申請專利範圍中。
Claims (12)
- 一種緩釋醫藥組成物,係包含如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項所述之結晶型及其醫藥上可接受之載體。
- 一種水性可注射之醫藥懸浮液,係包括於懸浮水性稀釋劑中如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項所述之結晶型或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其不包括有機溶劑、聚乳酸聚合物、聚乙醇酸聚合物或聚乳酸和聚乙醇酸之共聚物,且於注射至患者或動物中時,展現持續至少一週之穩定釋放曲線。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之水性可注射之醫藥懸浮液,係具有小於80μm之平均粒子大小。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之水性可注射之醫藥懸浮液,其中,該懸浮水性稀釋劑包括於磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水中的聚乙二醇聚合物和聚山梨醇酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之水性可注射之醫藥懸浮液,其中,該3-醯基-丁基原啡因或其醫藥上可接受之鹽係以5%至30%重量/重量之濃度存在。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第8項所述之水性可注射之醫藥懸浮液於製備用於治療鴉片類藥物成癮、疼痛或憂鬱症的藥物之用途,係包括將該藥物以皮下或肌肉內施用於有需要之受試者,其治療有效期間為至少一週。
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WO2023246865A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | Alar Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Stable pharmaceutical composition of buprenorphine and preparation method and use thereof |
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US11524965B2 (en) | 2022-12-13 |
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EP3790881A4 (en) | 2022-03-09 |
CN111954672A (zh) | 2020-11-17 |
TW202016117A (zh) | 2020-05-01 |
US20230002399A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
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CA3089256A1 (en) | 2019-11-14 |
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CN111954672B (zh) | 2023-09-01 |
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JP2021522306A (ja) | 2021-08-30 |
US20210122756A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
AU2019266795B2 (en) | 2023-02-09 |
BR112020016576A2 (pt) | 2020-12-15 |
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