TWI817997B - 結合至階段特異性胚胎抗原4 (ssea4)之嵌合抗原受體及其用途 - Google Patents
結合至階段特異性胚胎抗原4 (ssea4)之嵌合抗原受體及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI817997B TWI817997B TW108109390A TW108109390A TWI817997B TW I817997 B TWI817997 B TW I817997B TW 108109390 A TW108109390 A TW 108109390A TW 108109390 A TW108109390 A TW 108109390A TW I817997 B TWI817997 B TW I817997B
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Abstract
一種經分離的核酸,其包含一編碼序列辨識編號:3的多肽之核苷酸序列。序列辨識編號:3的多肽專一性結合至階段特異性胚胎抗原4(SSEA4)。亦揭示的是一種包含上述經分離的核酸之重組型細胞、一種包含上面經分離的核酸之病毒載體,以及一種包含序列辨識編號:3的序列之經分離的多肽。亦提供的是一種嵌合抗原受體(CAR),其包含一具有序列辨識編號:3的序列並且專一性結合至SSEA4之單鏈Fv。此外,揭示一種用於治療一腫瘤之方法,其是藉由:於活體外使用一編碼CAR的載體來轉導一具有一表現SSEA4的腫瘤之個體的T細胞,擴增該經轉導的T細胞,以及將所擴增之經轉導的T細胞注入該個體中,藉此抗腫瘤的T細胞反應被提升。
Description
本發明係有關於結合至階段特異性胚胎抗原4(SSEA4)之嵌合抗原受體及其用途。
發明背景
與化學療法相較之下,標靶癌症免疫療法不僅有望在短期與長期上具有較佳的療效,並且亦具有較少的副作用。
例如,已發展出標靶一腫瘤-特異性的醣類抗原[例如,Globo H、階段特異性胚胎抗原3(“SSEA3”),以及階段特異性胚胎抗原4(“SSEA4”)]的抗癌疫苗來刺激病患自身的免疫系統以生成對抗這些抗原的抗體,其導致抗體依賴型細胞毒殺作用、抗體依賴型吞噬作用、補體依賴型細胞溶解,以及直接的細胞生長抑制作用和/或細胞毒性作用。
由於腫瘤中的抑制環境,這類方法通常會隨著時間而失去效力。抑制環境會阻斷抗體、NK細胞、巨噬細胞以及補體中的一或多者進入腫瘤。
近年來,已發展嵌合抗原受體(“CARs”)來排除上述缺點。CAR含有(i)一結合至腫瘤抗原的胞外領域以及(ii)一或多個提供初級訊號與協同刺激訊號給T細胞的細胞內領域(intracellular domain)。可於活體外對T細胞進行基因工程來表現具有所選的胞外領域的CAR。
CAR方法已被證明是有效的,但並非沒有嚴重的副作用。例如,大量表現CAR的T細胞之活化會造成細胞激素釋放症候群。這種以高熱、低血壓與缺氧為特徵的症候群會造成多重器官衰竭,甚至死亡。
有需要去發展比目前所使用者更為安全且更有效之CAR為基礎的腫瘤療法。
發明概要
為了滿足上面所討論的需求,揭示的是一種經分離的核酸,其包含一編碼序列辨識編號:3的多肽之核苷酸序列。該序列辨識編號:3的多肽專一性結合至階段特異性胚胎抗原4(SSEA4)。
亦揭示的是一種重組型細胞,其含有上述經分離的核酸,其中該重組型細胞表現序列辨識編號:2的多肽。
再者,一含有上述經分離的核酸之病毒載體是落在本發明的範疇內。該病毒載體是一慢病毒載體、一γ反轉錄病毒載體,或者一腺關聯性病毒載體。
此外,一經分離的多肽包括序列辨識編號:3的序列,再者,該經分離的多肽專一性結合至SSEA4。
亦提供的是一種嵌合抗原受體(CAR),其包括一具有序列辨識編號:3的序列且專一性結合至SSEA4之單鏈Fv(scFv),以及一來自於CD3ζ或FcεRIγ的第一胞內領域(first endodomain)。
最後,揭示的是一種用於治療在一個體中的一腫瘤之方法,該方法包括下列步驟:(i)從一具有一腫瘤的個體取得T細胞;(ii)於活體外使用一含有一編碼一CAR的核酸之載體來轉導該T細胞,該CAR包括一專一性辨識SSEA4的scFv,藉此經轉導的T細胞表現該CAR;(iii)於活體外擴增該經轉導的T細胞;以及(iv)將經擴增的T細胞注入該具有一腫瘤的個體中,藉此抗腫瘤的T細胞反應被提升。該scFv具有序列辨識編號:3的胺基酸序列,以及在腫瘤中的細胞表現SSEA4。
本發明的一或多個具體例的細節已描述於下面的說明與圖式中。透過說明與申請專利範圍,本發明的其他特徵、目的以及優點將會是明顯的。
較佳實施例之詳細說明
如上所述,為了滿足開發CAR為基礎的腫瘤療法之需求,提供一種經分離的核酸,其包含一編碼序列辨識編號:3的多肽之核苷酸序列。該序列辨識編號:3的多肽是一專一性結合至SSEA4的scFv。在一個具體例中,該經分離的核酸具有序列辨識編號:1的核苷酸序列。
亦落在本發明範疇內的是一種重組型細胞,其包含具有序列辨識編號:1的核苷酸序列之經分離的核酸。該重組型細胞表現序列辨識編號:2的多肽,亦即,包括序列辨識編號:3的scFv之CAR建構物。該重組型細胞可為一T細胞,例如,一CD4+
或CD8+
T細胞。其他可使用的細胞包括NK、iNKT、單核細胞、巨噬細胞、小神經膠質細胞、樹突細胞,以及嗜中性球。
該經分離的核酸(包括一編碼序列辨識編號:3的多肽之核苷酸序列,例如,一CAR建構物)可被包含在一病毒載體內。
示範性病毒載體包括慢病毒載體、γ-反轉錄病毒載體,以及腺關聯性病毒載體。以慢病毒或γ反轉錄病毒為基礎的病毒載體描述於Dai et al. 2016, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 108:1-14 (“Dai et al.”);Jin et al. 2016, EMBO Mol. Med. 8:702-711;Liechtenstein et al. 2013, Cancers 5:815-837;以及Schonfeld et al. 2015, Mol. Therapy 23:330-338中。這類病毒載體是用於將CAR-編碼的核酸併入至T細胞基因體DNA以產生CAR的穩定表現。
在一個具體例中,該病毒載體是一包括序列辨識編號:1的核苷酸序列之慢病毒載體。
另擇地,該CAR建構物可被包含在一載體中,該載體含有用來促進CAR-編碼的核酸(例如,序列辨識編號:1)進行轉位子-媒介的基因體併入而進入T細胞中的序列。這些表現載體的實例有被稱為“PiggyBac”與“Sleeping Beauty”的表現載體。參見Nakazawa et al. 2011, Mol. Ther. 19:2133-2143以及Maiti et al. 2013, J. Immunotherapy 36:112-123。
在又另一個選擇中,一含有CAR建構物的載體亦含有基因體的核酸序列在該CAR建構物的兩側,其可使該CAR建構物進行群聚且規律間隔的短回文重複序列(CRISPR)-媒介之插入而進入該T細胞的基因體中。用來將該CAR插入基因體中的CRISPR建構物之實例可見於,例如,Miura et al. 2018, Nature Protocols 13:195-215與He et al. 2016, Nucl. Acids Res. 44:1-14中。
進一步揭示的是一種經分離的多肽,其包含序列辨識編號:3的序列。該經分離的多肽(scFv)專一性結合至SSEA-4。
另外提供的是一種CAR,其包含一專一性結合至階段特異性胚胎抗原4的scFv。該scFv可具有序列辨識編號:3的序列。該CAR進一步包含一來自於CD3ζ或FcεRIγ的第一胞內領域。在一個示範性CAR中,該第一胞內領域是來自於CD3ζ。
該CAR亦可包含一第二胞內領域。該第二胞內領域可以是,但不限於,一來自於CD28、CD137、CD4、OX40以及ICOS的胞內領域。若一第二胞內領域存在該CAR中,該scFv融合至該第二胞內領域並且該第二胞內領域融合至該第一胞內領域。CAR的一具體例具有一來自於CD137的第二胞內領域。在另一個具體例中,該CAR具有序列辨識編號:4的胺基酸序列。
如上所述,此外還提供一種腫瘤-治療方法,包括:從一具有一腫瘤的個體取得T細胞的步驟,以及於活體外使用一含有一編碼一CAR的核酸之載體來轉導該T細胞的步驟,該CAR包括一專一性辨識SSEA4的scFv。
用來取得T細胞的操作程序是此技藝所熟知的。參見,例如,Kaiser et al. 2015, Cancer Gene Therapy 22:72-78(“Kaiser et al.”)。該T細胞可為CD4+
、CD8+
,或者NK細胞。在一個示範性方法中,CD8+
細胞是取自於該個體。
該T細胞是於活體外使用上述CAR載體來進行轉導。T細胞的轉導可視所採用的CAR載體種類而藉由電穿孔、脂質轉染、慢病毒感染、γ反轉錄病毒感染或者腺關聯性病毒感染來進行。
更具體地,若該CAR載體是一PiggyBac、Sleeping Beauty或者CRISPR為基礎的表現載體,它可藉由電穿孔或脂質轉染而被轉導至該T細胞中。一CRISPR為基礎的表現載體是與一表現一導引RNA的載體來進行共轉染,該導引RNA互補於一與在該T細胞中所欲之基因體插入處上的一原間隔鄰近模體(protospacer adjacent motif)相鄰的序列。
若該CAR載體是病毒為基礎的,病毒粒子被製備且用於感染T細胞。
該腫瘤治療方法亦包含於活體外擴增該經轉導的T細胞的步驟以及將經擴增的T細胞注入該具有一腫瘤的個體中的步驟。
經轉染的T細胞是於活體外使用此技藝所熟知的方法來進行擴增。參見Kaiser et al.。接而將經擴增的T細胞以一批或者二或多批來注入具有一腫瘤的個體中。
在該腫瘤-治療方法的一具體選擇中,該方法進一步包含一預處理步驟,其是在剛才所提到的注入步驟之前進行。該前處理步驟是藉由使用一誘導淋巴耗盡(lymphodepletion)的藥物來處理該個體而進行。這些藥物的實例包括環磷醯胺與氟達拉濱(fludarabine)。另外的藥物實例可見於Dai et al.與Han et al. 2013, J. Hematol. Oncol. 6:47-53中。
在該腫瘤-治療方法中,除了該CAR,該經轉染的T細胞可進一步表現序列辨識編號:5的多肽,亦即,表皮生長因子受體t領域III-IV(EGFRt)。以此方式,所注入之經擴增的T細胞可使用一結合至EGFRt的抗表皮生長因子受體的抗體來於活體中予以去除。例如,將西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)投藥至該個體中而於活體中殺死所注入的T細胞。一起編碼CAR與EGFRt的一示範性核酸具有序列辨識編號:1的核酸序列。
上述方法可用來治療一含有表現SSEA4的細胞之腫瘤。可治療的腫瘤包括,但不限於,乳房腫瘤、結腸腫瘤、胃腸腫瘤、腎腫瘤、肺腫瘤、肝腫瘤、卵巢腫瘤、胰臟腫瘤、直腸腫瘤、胃腫瘤、睾丸腫瘤、胸腺腫瘤、子宮頸腫瘤、前列腺腫瘤、膀胱腫瘤、皮膚腫瘤、鼻咽腫瘤、食道腫瘤、口腔腫瘤、頭頸部腫瘤、骨腫瘤、軟骨腫瘤、肌肉腫瘤、淋巴結腫瘤、骨髓腫瘤,以及腦腫瘤。
相信的是,不用進一步詳細闡述,熟習此技藝者可基於此處的揭示內容,將此揭示內容應用至最完整的程度。因此,無論如何下列具體例要被解釋為僅是其餘揭示內容的說明而非限制。此處所引用的所有刊物與專利文件以其整體併入此處作為參考資料。實施例 實施例1 :一含有一抗-SSEA4 的CAR 建構物之慢病毒的生產 編碼一抗-SSEA4 的CAR 之慢病毒載體的建構
一慢病毒建構物是使用標準重組DNA技術在E. coli
中進行製備並且藉由DNA定序來進行驗證。更具體地,將一編碼一具有序列辨識編號:3的序列之scFv的核酸選殖至一慢病毒質體載體的一EF-1 α啟動子與一訊息胜肽編碼序列的下游以及一CD8絞鏈區編碼序列(CD8 hinge-encoding sequence)的上游以建立一CAR匣(CAR cassette)。該CAR匣亦編碼一CD8跨膜領域、一CD137細胞內訊息領域、一CD3ζ胞內領域、一明脉扁刺蛾(Thosea asigna
)自我-切割胜肽T2A,以及一EGFRt領域III-IV。該CAR匣具有序列辨識編號:1的核酸序列。該慢病毒質體載體含有額外的序列來促進慢病毒粒子的生產。慢病毒組裝與生產
慢病毒的組裝與生產是使用已建立的技術來進行。將組裝細胞(亦即,293T細胞)以5x106
個細胞平盤培養於一10cm培養皿上10mL的完全培養基中。令細胞於37℃與5%CO2
下進行培育過夜。一轉染複合物是藉由在PBS中將一轉染試劑、上述慢病毒載體、一組裝載體(packaging vector)以及一外膜載體(envelope vector)進行混合來製備。將該轉染複合物添加至含有組裝細胞的培養皿中並且令細胞於37℃與5%CO2
下進行培育歷時6至8小時。將培養基進行置換並且令細胞培育歷時24h。將培養基收集並且置換為新鮮的培養基。將此24h的培育以及培養基收集重複進行兩次。將所收集的所有培養基合併並且通過一0.45µm過濾器。將濾液於50,000xg下進行離心歷時2h以使慢病毒粒子沉澱。將慢病毒原液懸浮於PBS中並保存於-80℃下。慢病毒效價測定
慢病毒效價是藉由量測併入所感染的細胞的基因體中之慢病毒DNA含量來進行測定。將293T細胞以50,000細胞/井的密度平盤培養於24-井培養盤上並進行培育過夜。將濃縮的慢病毒原液與濃度為6μg/mL的聚凝胺一起添加至各井中。將培養盤短暫離心,接而置於37℃與5%CO2
下的培養箱中歷時72小時。得自於經慢病毒轉導的細胞的基因體DNA是使用商業化套組來進行萃取。
即時定量PCR(RT-QPCR)是用來測定在所萃出的基因體DNA中所存在之慢病毒DNA的複本數。亦量測白蛋白基因來將結果標準化。RT-QPCR所使用的引子與探針顯示於下面表1中。
表1. RT-QPCR引子對與探針 a
LTR=末端長重複序列。這些引子對專一性括擴增慢病毒序列。b
ALB=白蛋白。這些引子對專一性擴增白蛋白基因。
標準曲線是藉由使用上述RT-QPCR引子對來擴增已知含量之帶有白蛋白或LTR基因序列的質體來進行建立。在該基因體DNA中的慢病毒DNA複本數是以LTR序列的數量除以白蛋白序列的數量之比率來計算。
接著使用下列算式來計算慢病毒效價:
一個示範性的慢病毒製劑含有2.6x108
個轉導單位/mL。實施例2 :抗-SSEA4 CAR T 細胞的製備
表現抗-SSEA4的CAR之T細胞是使用已建立的技術來生產。首先,末梢血液的單核細胞(PBMC)是使用標準血液分離管而從全血中分離出,並且將細胞重新散浮於完全培養基中。T細胞是使用一標準磁珠分離技術而從PBMC中分離出來。
將經分離的T細胞分配至組織培養盤並且加入補充有200IU/mL IL2、10ng/mL IL7、5ng/mL IL15以及5ng/mL IL21的生長培養基中,而使得細胞密度為0.5x106
至1x106
細胞/mL。將培養盤在37℃與5%CO2
下進行培育歷時3天。將如上述在實施例1中所生產的慢病毒製劑添加至T細胞中,並且亦添加聚凝胺至最終濃度為6µg/ml。在室溫下將培養盤以800xg進行離心歷時1小時,接著在37℃與5%CO2
下進行培育歷時5天。在5天的培養期間,將T細胞維持在0.5x106
細胞/mL的細胞密度。表現抗-SSEA4的CAR之T細胞的百分比是藉由使用一對抗EGFR領域III-IV的抗體之螢光-活化的細胞分選來進行測定。
在一個示範性製劑中,45.7%的T細胞表現抗-SSEA4的CAR。實施例3 :抗-SSEA4 CAR T 效應細胞所造成之MCF-7 標的細胞的溶解
抗-SSEA4 CAR T細胞去溶解標的細胞的能力是藉由共-培養分析來進行評估。表現SSEA-4的MCF-7乳癌細胞是用來作為標的細胞。將100μL之呈5x105
細胞/mL的MCF-7標的細胞轉移至96-井培養盤的各井中並且於37℃與5%CO2
下進行培養過夜。將效應細胞(亦即抗-SSEA4 CAR T細胞、未經轉導的T細胞,以及經一負對照組慢病毒轉導的T細胞)各自散浮於無血清的RPMI1640培養基。將96井培養盤中的培養基移除並且以PBS來清洗細胞一次。以1:1、2:1、5:1以及10:1的效靶比(E/T)將T細胞添加至各別的井中。使用RPMI1640將各井中培養基的最終體積調整至100µL/井。將共-培養物於37℃與5%CO2
下進行培育歷時6h。
一商業化套組(CytoTox 96®非-放射性細胞毒性分析;Promega, WI USA)是用來藉由測定細胞在溶解時所釋出的乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)位準以量測標的MCF-7細胞的溶解。在共-培養之後,在室溫下以1200xg將該96-井培養盤離心歷時5分鐘,將各井中50μL的上清液轉移至一新的96井培養盤。各個上清液的LDH位準是按造製造商的指示來進行測定。在離心步驟之前對一些僅含有標的細胞的井處理以一溶解緩衝液。這些井的上清液用來測定由MCF-7細胞所釋出之最大LDH含量。這些結果顯示於圖1中。
數據顯示:相較於未經轉導的T細胞以及經空的慢病毒轉導的T細胞,以所有的E/T比之抗-SSEA4 CAR-T細胞溶解顯著多的標的MCF-7細胞。實施例4 :抗-SSEA4 CAR-T 細胞所釋放出的細胞激素
在5%CO2
與37℃下以不同的E/T比將上述CAR-T細胞與標的T細胞株MCF7共培養於96-井培養盤上補充有10%FBS的RPMI1640培養基中歷時24小時。收取培養基來量測CAR-T細胞所釋出的細胞激素。簡言之,在將50μL之各井的上清液轉移至一新的96井培養盤之後,於室溫下以1200xg將96-井培養盤進行離心歷時5分鐘。細胞激素IL-2與IFN-γ的濃度是使用一商業化ELISA套組並依據製造商的操作指南來進行測定。結果顯示於圖2A與2B中。數據顯示:在作用於標的腫瘤細胞之後,SSEA4-專一性的CAR-T細胞穩固地分泌IL-2與IFN-γ這兩者並且此分泌位準是顯著地高於未經轉導的T細胞或者經缺乏CAR建構物的慢病毒轉染的T細胞。
其他具體例
在本說明書中所揭示的所有特徵可以任何的組合來結合。在此說明書中所揭示的各個特徵可置換為提供相同、等效或相似目的之替代特徵。除非另外明確指出,所揭示的各個特徵僅為同類系列的等效或相似特徵的一個實例。
透過上面說明,熟習此技藝者可輕易地確定本發明的必要特徵,並且可在沒有背離其精神與範疇下作出本發明的各種不同的變化與修飾而使其適合於各種不同的使用與情況。因此,其他具體例亦落在下列申請專利範圍的範疇內。
下面說明是針對隨文檢附的圖式,其中:
圖1是於所標示之不同效靶比下的效應T細胞所造成之標的細胞的溶解百分比之一長條圖;
圖2A是一長條圖,顯示於所標示之不同效靶比下與標MCF-7細胞共培養後效應T細胞所釋放的IL-2含量;以及
圖2B是一長條圖,顯示於所標示之不同效靶比下與標的MCF-7細胞共培養後效應T細胞所釋放的IFN-γ含量。
<110> 陳良博(CHEN,LAN BO)
<120> 結合至階段特異性胚胎抗原4(SSEA4)之嵌合抗原受體及其用途
<140> 108109390
<141> 2019-03-19
<150> US 15/926,382
<151> 2018-03-20
<160> 11
<170> Patent In版本3.5
<210> 1
<211> 3972
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 合成的建構物
<220>
<221> CDS
<222> (1354)..(3972)
<210> 2
<211> 873
<212> PRT
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 合成的建構物
<210> 3
<211> 235
<212> PRT
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 單鏈Fv
<210> 4
<211> 490
<212> PRT
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 合成的多肽
<210> 5
<211> 352
<212> PRT
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 合成的多肽
<210> 6
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 合成的引子
<210> 7
<211> 24
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 合成的引子
<210> 8
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 合成的探針
<210> 9
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 合成的引子
<210> 10
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 合成的引子
<210> 11
<211> 26
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的序列
<220>
<223> 合成的探針
Claims (10)
- 一種經分離的核酸,其包含一編碼序列辨識編號:3的多肽之核苷酸序列。
- 如請求項1之經分離的核酸,其中該核苷酸序列是序列辨識編號:1。
- 一種經分離的重組型細胞,其包含如請求項2之經分離的核酸,其中該經分離的重組型細胞表現序列辨識編號:2的多肽。
- 如請求項3之經分離的重組型細胞,其中該細胞是一T細胞。
- 一種病毒載體,其包含如請求項1之經分離的核酸。
- 如請求項5之病毒載體,其中該病毒載體是慢病毒載體、γ反轉錄病毒載體,或者腺關聯性病毒載體。
- 如請求項5之病毒載體,其中該核苷酸序列是序列辨識編號:1。
- 一種表現CAR的經擴增經轉導的T細胞於製備藥物的用途,該藥物是用於治療在一個體中的一腫瘤,其中該表現CAR的經擴增經轉導的T細胞是藉由以下來製備:從一具有一乳房腫瘤的個體取得T細胞;於活體外(in vitro)使用一含有一編碼包含序列辨識編號:3之胺基酸序列的一嵌合抗原受體(chimeric antigen receptor,CAR)的核酸之載體來轉導該T細胞,該CAR專一性地辨識階段特異性胚胎抗原4(stage-specific embryonic antigen 4,SSEA4),藉此該經轉導的T細胞表現該CAR;以及於活體外擴增該表現CAR的經轉導的T細胞;該表現CAR的經擴增經轉導的T細胞將被注入該具有乳房腫瘤的個體中,藉此提升抗腫瘤的T細胞反應,其中在該乳房腫瘤中的細胞表現SSEA4。
- 如請求項8之用途,其中該CAR具有序列辨識編號:4的胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項9之用途,其中該載體是慢病毒、γ反轉錄病毒,或者腺關聯性病毒。
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