TWI815650B - 樹脂基質組成物、預浸料、碳纖維複合材料及樹脂基質的製造方法 - Google Patents
樹脂基質組成物、預浸料、碳纖維複合材料及樹脂基質的製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI815650B TWI815650B TW111134203A TW111134203A TWI815650B TW I815650 B TWI815650 B TW I815650B TW 111134203 A TW111134203 A TW 111134203A TW 111134203 A TW111134203 A TW 111134203A TW I815650 B TWI815650 B TW I815650B
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- Prior art keywords
- epoxy resin
- resin matrix
- resin
- curing agent
- amine
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
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Abstract
本發明提供一種樹脂基質組成物,其係包含環氧樹脂、聚碸類工程塑膠、改質聚醚醯亞胺及胺類固化劑。改質聚醚醯亞胺係藉由親核基化合物與聚醚醯亞胺所製得。親核基化合物具有之親核性官能基包含羥基、硫醇基、羧基及/或胺基。藉此,可製得具有海島相及共連續相兩種形貌分離的樹脂基質,其兼具有良好的彎曲強度及韌性,且含浸黏度適中,故適合用來含浸碳纖維,以製得預浸料及碳纖維複合材料。
Description
本發明是關於一種樹脂基質組成物、預浸料、碳纖維複合材料及樹脂基質的製造方法,特別是關於一種環氧樹脂基質組成物、環氧樹脂基預浸料、環氧樹脂基碳纖維複合材料及環氧樹脂基質的製造方法。
環氧樹脂為一種具有立體網狀交連結構的熱固性樹脂。環氧樹脂已廣泛應用於塗料、電子業、航太工業、汽車及運動用品等各種部件中。然而,由於環氧樹脂的網狀交連結構,其具有質脆、易裂及耐衝擊性差等缺點,特別是具有高交聯密度的環氧樹脂(例如四官能基環氧樹脂)的前述缺點更為顯著。
由於環氧樹脂的上述缺點,故環氧樹脂必須進行增韌(toughened),以改善其特性,進而提升其應用性。習知的環氧樹脂增韌係藉由混摻熱塑性樹脂,然後使環氧樹脂進行熱致相分離(thermally induced phase
separation,TIPS),其係於加熱固化過程中,因環氧樹脂與固化劑進行交聯反應,故對混摻之熱塑性樹脂的溶解度降低而發生兩相分離的現象。換言之,在溫度等熱力學條件的變化下,時常會伴隨相分離現象的發生,故對於二成分系統,須有效地控制複雜多變的相分離現象,否則便無法達到改善環氧樹脂特性的功效。
有鑑於此,亟須提供一種樹脂基質組成物及樹脂基質的製造方法,以改善環氧樹脂的特性及其應用性。
本發明之一態樣是提供一種樹脂基質組成物,其包含環氧樹脂、熱塑性工程塑膠及改質熱塑性樹脂,以控制其相分離系統。
本發明之另一態樣是提供一種預浸料,其係包含上述態樣的樹脂基質組成物。
本發明之再一態樣是提供一種碳纖維複合材料,其係藉由上述態樣的預浸料所製得。
本發明之再一態樣是提供一種樹脂基質的製造方法,其係在特定條件下混合環氧樹脂、改質聚醚醯亞胺及聚碸類工程塑膠。
根據本發明之一態樣,提供一種樹脂基質組成物,其係包含環氧樹脂、聚碸類工程塑膠、改質聚醚醯亞胺及胺類固化劑。改質聚醚醯亞胺係藉由親核基化合物與聚醚醯亞胺所製得。親核基化合物具有的親核性官能基包含羥
基、硫醇基、羧基及/或胺基。
根據本發明之一實施例,基於環氧樹脂為100wt%,上述樹脂基質組成物包含0.5wt%至30wt%的聚碸類工程塑膠。
根據本發明之一實施例,基於環氧樹脂為100wt%,上述樹脂基質組成物包含0.5wt%至20wt%的改質聚醚醯亞胺。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述胺類固化劑具有之胺基與環氧樹脂具有之環氧基的比值為0.6至1.3。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述樹脂基質組成物更包含硬化促進劑。硬化促進劑包含胺系硬化促進劑、胍胺系硬化促進劑、咪唑系硬化促進劑及/或鏻系硬化促進劑。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述環氧樹脂的種類包含雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、酚醛環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂、脂肪族環氧樹脂、雙環戊二烯酚醛環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、胺基苯酚、亞甲基二苯胺、四縮水甘油基二胺基二苯基甲烷或前述之組合。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述胺類固化劑的種類包含脂肪胺固化劑、脂環族胺類固化劑、芳香族胺類固化劑、雙氰胺固化劑、聚醚胺固化劑、聚氨基醯胺固化劑、聚胺固化劑、聚醯胺固化劑或前述之組合。
根據本發明之另一態樣,提供一種預浸料,其係包含上述樹脂基質組成物及碳纖維。
本發明之再一態樣是提供一種碳纖維複合材料,其係藉由上述預浸料經過熱壓成型製程所製得。
本發明之再一態樣是提供一種樹脂基質的製造方法,其係包含在90℃至130℃的溫度下,混合環氧樹脂及改質聚醚醯亞胺,以獲得第一溶液;在100℃至150℃的溫度下,混合第一溶液與聚碸類工程塑膠,以獲得第二溶液;以及添加胺類固化劑至第二溶液中,以獲得樹脂基質。
應用本發明之樹脂基質組成物、預浸料、碳纖維複合材料及樹脂基質的製造方法,藉由二種熱塑性樹脂進行環氧樹脂的混摻,以製得具有二種相態形貌分離的樹脂基質,故可兼具彎曲性及韌性,進而使其預浸料及碳纖維複合材料具有良好的加工性及物性。
100:方法
110,120,130:操作
根據以下詳細說明並配合附圖閱讀,使本揭露的態樣獲致較佳的理解。需注意的是,如同業界的標準作法,許多特徵並不是按照比例繪示的。事實上,為了進行清楚討論,許多特徵的尺寸可以經過任意縮放。
[圖1]係繪示根據本發明一些實施例之樹脂基質的製造方法的流程圖。
如本發明所使用的「大約(around)」、「約(about)」、「近乎(approximately)」或「實質上
(substantially)」一般係代表在所述之數值或範圍的百分之20以內、或百分之10以內、或百分之5以內。
習知環氧樹脂的增韌可利用聚碸類工程塑膠,例如聚醚碸(polyether sulfone,PES),並以4,4-二胺基二苯碸(4,4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone,4,4-DDS)為固化劑進行固化。在此習知方法中,當添加0wt%至10wt%的聚醚碸時,可得到具有均一相或海島形貌的樹脂基質;若聚醚碸添加量提高至12wt%至16wt%時,樹脂基質的黏度會發生改變,故在固化過程中會逐漸轉化成共連續相;若聚醚碸添加量再提高到20wt%以上,則樹脂基質會再轉化成逆海島相,其中逆海島相的樹脂基質係以熱塑性為主體的形貌,故會是前述三種中最具有韌性的形態,但其彎曲模數及玻璃轉化溫度(glass transition temperature,Tg)降低太多,進而導致樹脂基質的應用性受到限制。須理解的是,具有海島相(球狀相分離)形貌的樹脂基質有較佳的彎曲強度,而具有共連續相形貌的樹脂基質則有較佳的耐衝擊性及韌性。
承上所述,本發明提供一種樹脂基質組成物,其係除了添加聚碸類工程塑膠,更添加改質修飾的聚醚醯亞胺(polyetherimide,PEI),以在添加較少量的聚碸類工程塑膠的情況下,製得同時具有共連續相及海島相的樹脂基質,故可兼具彎曲強度及耐衝擊性,且具有較適於含浸碳纖維的黏度,故預浸料具有較佳的加工性且碳纖維複材具有良好的物性。
本發明提供的樹脂基質組成物係包含環氧樹脂、聚碸類工程塑膠、改質聚醚醯亞胺及胺類固化劑。在一些實施例中,環氧樹脂的種類包含雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、酚醛環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂、脂肪族環氧樹脂、雙環戊二烯酚醛環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂或前述之組合。
在一些具體例中,雙酚A型環氧樹脂可為南亞塑膠公司製作之型號為NPEL 127、128、134、901、902或904等市售商品;Hexion公司製作之型號為EPON TM 828、830、834或1001F等市售商品;長春人造樹脂公司之型號為BE 114、186或188等市售商品;ADEKA株式會社製作之型號為EP 4100、4300或4700等市售商品;Dow公司製作之型號為D.E.R.331、317、324或214等市售商品。在一些具體例中,雙酚F型環氧樹脂可為南亞塑膠公司製作之型號為NPEF 170等市售商品;Hexion公司製作之型號為EPON TM 869等市售商品;三菱化學公司製作之型號為jER 806或807等市售商品;長春人造樹脂公司製作之型號為BE 170、235或283等市售商品。
在一些具體例中,酚醛環氧樹脂可為南亞塑膠公司製作之型號為NPPN 630、638或640等市售商品;明和化成公司製作之H系列商品或HF系列商品;長春人造樹脂公司製作之型號為PNE 171、172、174、175、176或177等市售商品。在一些具體例中,甲酚酚醛清漆樹脂
可為HUNTSMAN公司製作之型號為ECN 1273、1280、1299或9511等市售商品;南亞塑膠公司製作之型號為NPCN-703、704;長春人造樹脂公司製作之型號為CNE-202、220和200系列;日本化藥公司製作之型號CER-1020、EOCN-1020-62、EOCN-1020、EOCN-102S、EOCN-103S和EOCN-104S等市售商品。
在一些具體例中,萘型環氧樹脂可為鑫廣盛材料公司製作之型號為VastPoxy-465等市售商品;HUNSTMAN公司製作之型號為Araldite® MY 0816等市售商品;DIC株式會社製作之型號為EPICLON® HP-5000、HP-4700或HP-4710等市售商品。在一些具體例中,脂肪族環氧樹脂可為DOW製作之型號為D.E.R 732、D.E.R 736等市售商品;鑫廣盛材料公司製作之型號為VastPoxy-4821、428、484、486、430等市售產品。
在一些具體例中,雙環戊二烯酚醛環氧樹脂可為大日本印刷公司製作之型號為HP-7200H等市售商品;日本化藥公司製作之型號為XD-1000等市售商品;浙江榮德化工公司製作之型號為655-B-75等市售商品;聯穎化工公司製作之型號為KES-7660等市售商品;長春人造樹脂公司製作之型號為DNE260等市售商品;Shin-A T&C公司製作之型號為SEV-3460、SEV-3475、SEV-3408或SEV-3410等市售商品;HUNSTMAN公司製作之型
號為Tactix® 556或Tactix® 756等市售商品。在一些具體例中,聯苯型環氧樹脂可為中固化學製作之Sinepoxy® YX 4000等市售商品;鑫廣盛材料公司製作之型號為VastPoxy YF-4800等市售產品;嘉盛德公司製作之型號為BPNE3501等市售產品;三菱化學(株)公司製作之型號為jER YX4000。
在一些實施例中,環氧樹脂亦包含多官能基環氧樹脂,其包含三官能基環氧樹脂及四官能基環氧樹脂。在一些具體例中,三官能基環氧樹脂包含胺基苯酚,其可例如為Huntsman Advanced Materials製作之型號為Araldite® MY 0510、MY 0500、MY 0600、MY 0610等市售商品。在一些具體例中,四官能基環氧樹脂包含亞甲基二苯胺及四縮水甘油基二胺基二苯基甲烷,其中亞甲基二苯胺可例如為Huntsman Advanced Materials製作之型號為Araldite® MY 9655等市售商品,而四縮水甘油基二胺基二苯基甲烷可例如為Huntsman Advanced Materials製作之型號為Araldite® MY 721、MY 720、MY 725、MY 9663、MY 9634、MY 965等市售商品。
在一些實施例中,基於環氧樹脂為100wt%,樹脂基質組成物包含約0.5wt%至約30wt%的聚碸類工程塑膠,較佳為約5wt%至約25wt%,更佳為約10wt%至約20wt%。若聚碸類工程塑膠的添加量太少,例如小於約0.5wt%時,則無法製得具有明顯雙相分離的樹脂基
質,故機械性能無顯著地提升;若聚碸類工程塑膠的添加量大於約30wt%時,則所製得之樹脂基質的黏度會太高,而不利於後續的應用加工,且機械性能亦不佳。在一些實施例中,聚碸類工程塑膠包含聚醚碸(polyethersulfone,PES)。
在一些具體例中,聚碸類工程塑膠可為BASF公司製作之型號為ULTRASON®S、E、P系列等市售商品;Solvay Specialty Polymers Japan公司製作之型號為VW10700RP、VW30500R等市售商品;Solvay公司製作之型號為Udel®、Veradel®、Eviva®、Radel®、Veriva®和Acudel®等市售商品;住友化學製作之型號為3600G、4100G、4800G和5003P等市售商品。須理解的是,前述聚碸類工程塑膠還包含各種官能基改質的聚碸類工程塑膠,例如磺酸化聚碸類工程塑膠。在一些具體例中,磺酸化聚碸類工程塑膠可例如為小西化學製作之型號為S-PES等市售商品。
在一些實施例中,基於環氧樹脂為100wt%,樹脂基質組成物包含約0.5wt%至約20wt%的改質聚醚醯亞胺,較佳為約2wt%至約15wt%,更佳為約4wt%至約10wt%。因此,本發明之樹脂基質組成物藉由包含約0.5wt%至約20wt%的改質聚醚醯亞胺,並搭配約0.5wt%至約30wt%的聚碸類工程塑膠(基於環氧樹脂為100wt%),可使所得之樹脂基質兼具有海島型球狀形貌及共連續形貌,而維持雙相分離。
在一些實施例中,改質聚醚醯亞胺為親核基改質修飾的聚醚醯亞胺(Polyetherimide-Nucleophile modification,PEI-Nu)。換言之,改質聚醚醯亞胺係藉由親核基化合物(nucleophile)與聚醚醯亞胺反應所製得。在一些實施例中,親核基化合物為具有例如羥基(-OH)、硫醇基(-SH)、羧基(-COOH)及/或胺基(-NH2)等親核性官能基的化合物。須理解的是,親核性官能基一般係指含有孤電子的官能基。在一些具體例中,聚醚醯亞胺可為RTP公司製作之型號為RTP 2100 LF等市售商品;Sigma-Aldrich公司製作之型號為700193、700207等市售商品。Ensinger公司製作之型號為TECAPEI等市售商品;Technoform公司製作之型號為PEI等市售商品。
在一些實施例中,改質聚醚醯亞胺的合成方法包含先將聚醚醯亞胺分散在約60℃的丙酮中,再慢慢加入親核基化合物並反應約0.5至約18小時。反應後以濾紙過濾,並由丙酮反覆清洗,乾燥後即可得改質聚醚醯亞胺。
在一些實施例中,胺類固化劑具有之胺基與環氧樹脂具有之環氧基的比值為約0.6至約1.3。換言之,基於環氧樹脂的環氧基為100%,樹脂基質組成物包含之胺類固化劑具有約60%至約130%的胺基。若添加的胺類固化劑太少,即上述胺基與環氧基的比值小於約0.6時,則樹脂基質無法完全固化;反之,若添加的胺類固化劑太多,即上述胺基與環氧基的比值大於約1.3時,則所得之樹脂
基質會含有缺陷,不利於後續的應用。在一些實施例中,胺類固化劑的種類包含脂肪胺固化劑、脂環族胺類固化劑、芳香族胺類固化劑、雙氰胺(Dicyandiamide,DICY)固化劑、聚醚胺固化劑、聚氨基醯胺固化劑、聚胺固化劑、聚醯胺固化劑或前述之組合。
在一些具體例中,脂肪胺固化劑包含乙二胺、辛胺、1,3-丙二胺、2,2二甲基-1,3-丙二胺(新戊二胺)、六亞甲基二胺、二亞乙基二胺、二(3-氨基丙基)胺、N,N-二(3-氨基丙基)-甲胺、二亞乙基四胺、二乙烯三胺、四乙烯五胺、五乙烯六胺、多乙烯多胺、2,2,4_三甲基己烷-1,6-二胺、二甲苯二胺(xylenediamine)和二(氨基環己基)甲烷。在一些具體例中,脂環族胺類固化劑包含1,2-二氨基環己烷、1,4-二氨基環己烷、二-(4-氨基環己基)甲烷、二-(4-氨基-3-甲基環己基)甲烷、2,2-二-(4-氨基環己基)丙烷和3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基環己胺(異佛爾酮二胺(isophoronediamine))。
在一些具體例中,芳香族胺類固化劑包含4-氨基二苯基甲烷、二-(4-氨基苯基)甲烷、苄胺、間-亞二甲苯基二胺、3,3’-二氨基二苯碸、4,4-二氨基二苯碸。在一些具體例中,雙氰胺固化劑包含DICY7(雙氰胺,日本環氧樹脂股份公司製)。在一些具體例中,聚醚胺包含Hunstman Chemical製作的Jeffamines,例如型號為Jeffamine EDR-148、Jeffamine D-230、Jeffamine D-400或Jeffamine T-403等市售商品。
在一些具體例中,聚氨基醯胺固化劑包含由脂肪族聚胺和二聚或三聚脂肪酸所製得之聚氨基醯胺。
在一些實施例中,樹脂基質組成物可根據應用需求而選擇性地包含硬化促進劑。在一些實施例中,硬化促進劑包含胺系硬化促進劑、胍胺系硬化促進劑、咪唑系硬化促進劑、鏻系硬化促進劑及其組合。在一些具體例中,胺系硬化促進劑包含三乙胺、三丁胺等的三烷胺、4-二甲胺基吡啶、苄基二甲胺、2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、1,8-二氮雜雙環[5.4.0]-十一碳-7-烯(1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene,DBU)等胺化合物、有機二醯肼(型號為AMICURE VDH-J、AMICURE UDH、AMICURE LDH,味之素精密科技製)、含3級胺基之改質聚胺、含脲鍵之改質聚胺及含咪唑之改質聚胺。舉例而言,含3級胺基之改質聚胺可例如為ADEKA製作之型號EH4380S、EH3616S、EH5001P、EH4375S等市售商品;含咪唑之改質聚胺可例如為味之素精密科技製作之型號為PN-23、PN-H、PN-40;ADEKA製作之型號為EH4346S;T&K TOKA製作之型號為FXR-1121、AIR PRODUCTS;JAPAN(股)製作之型號為SUNMIDE LH210等市售商品;含脲鍵之改質聚胺可例如為T&K TOKA製作之型號為FXR-1020、FXR-1081等市售商品。
請參閱圖1,其係繪示根據本發明一些實施例之樹脂基質的製造方法100的流程圖。上述樹脂基質組成物可
藉由樹脂基質的製造方法100而製得樹脂基質,以應用在預浸料及碳纖維複合材料中。首先,進行操作110,在約90℃至約130℃的溫度下,混合環氧樹脂及改質聚醚醯亞胺,以獲得第一溶液。若混合的溫度低於90℃,則環氧樹脂與改質聚醚醯亞胺的溶解度不佳;但若混合的溫度高於130℃,則可能會有環氧樹脂中的環氧基發生開環反應或環氧樹脂因氧化而劣化的問題。在一些實施例中,環氧樹脂可先進行溶解預熱。在一些實施例中,基於環氧樹脂為100wt%,添加約0.5wt%至約20wt%的改質聚醚醯亞胺。在一些實施例中,改質聚醚醯亞胺係由乙二胺與聚醚醯亞胺在約60℃下反應約0.5小時至約18小時所製得。
接著,進行操作120,混合聚碸類工程塑膠與第一溶液,並在約100℃至約150℃的溫度下進行混合溶解,以獲得第二溶液。若混合的溫度低於100℃,則聚碸類工程塑膠與第一溶液的混合效果不佳;若混合的溫度高於150℃,則可能會有環氧樹脂中的環氧基發生開環反應或環氧樹脂因氧化而劣化的問題。須注意的是,混合過程中需持續高速攪拌至獲得透明且均勻的第二溶液。在一些實施例中,基於上述環氧樹脂為100wt%,添加約0.5wt%至約30wt%的聚碸類工程塑膠。
然後,進行操作130,添加胺類固化劑至第二溶液中,以獲得樹脂基質。在一些實施例中,在進行操作130之前,可選擇性地將第二溶液降溫至約90℃。須注意的是,
同樣須進行高速攪拌以使所得之樹脂基質混合均勻。接著,可將樹脂基質倒入模具中,並在約130℃至約230℃的溫度下進行固化,較佳為約130℃至約180℃。
如上所述,前述樹脂基質同時包含海島相及共連續相,且在一些實施例中,海島相的球狀形貌之平均粒徑為約300nm至約2μm,且共連續相的條蟲狀或不規則形貌的平均粒徑為約500nm至約2μm。海島相的平均粒徑尺寸在前述範圍有助於樹脂基質的抗彎曲強度,且較有利於增韌的功效;而共連續相的平均粒徑尺寸在前述範圍較有利於後續進行碳纖維含浸的應用性。
再者,藉由上述方法製得之樹脂基質具有良好的流變動態黏度(rheometer dynamic viscosity),故對於後續增強纖維(例如碳纖維)預浸布的加工含浸製程有較佳優勢。碳纖維含浸加工後製得之碳纖維複合材料(例如碳纖維強化塑膠(carbon fiber reinforced plastic,CFRP))的物性與樹脂預浸料的含浸效果有明顯的關聯。因此,若樹脂基質具有較適當的黏度,以利於纖維充分含浸,則可使複材具有較佳的物性。
本發明更提供一種預浸料,其係包含上述樹脂基質組成物及碳纖維。在一些實施例中,碳纖維包含聚丙烯腈(polyacrylonitrile,PAN)碳纖維。將上述以樹脂基質組成物所製得之樹脂基質含浸碳纖維材料,即可獲得預浸料。另外,可將預浸料進行熱壓成型製程,以製得碳纖維複合材料。
以下利用數個實施例以說明本發明之應用,然其並非用以限定本發明,本發明技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾。
合成例一
在60℃的溫度下,取50克聚醚醯亞胺加入丙酮中,接著利用定量注射幫浦慢慢加入0.25莫耳(14.95克)的乙二胺,並反應0.5至18小時。反應完後的混合物經由濾紙過濾後,再用丙酮清洗數次後乾燥,以製得改質聚醚醯亞胺。為避免有未反應完全而殘留的乙二胺,可利用溴甲酚綠(bromocresol green,BCG)進行檢驗。
樹脂基質
實施例一
將三官能基環氧樹脂的三縮水甘油基對氨基苯酚(triglycidyl-p-aminophenol,TGPAP)在燒杯中進行溶解預熱。以下添加的藥品皆係基於TGPAP的重量為100wt%。首先,加入4.5wt%上述合成例一的改質聚醚醯亞胺(PEI-Nu),並以90℃至130℃的溫度進行混摻溶解。接著,再加入12wt%的聚醚碸(PES),並以100℃至150℃的溫度攪拌溶解至溶液呈透明狀態。將攪拌後的溶液降溫至90℃,加入100wt%的4,4-二胺基二苯碸做為胺類固化劑,並在180℃下混合攪拌4小時,以獲得環氧樹脂基質。實施例一的反應條件、彎曲測試、動態機械力學分析(Dynamic Mechanical Analysis,DMA)
及破壞韌性(KIC)的測試結果係如表一所示。樹脂基質的彎曲測試係根據ASTM D790規範;DMA測試係根據ASTM D5026規範;KIC測試係根據ASTM D5045規範。
比較例一至三
比較例一至三皆利用與實施例一相似的製程。不同之處在於,比較例一不進行熱塑混摻,即直接以4,4-二胺基二苯碸進行TGPAP固化;比較例二則是添加14.94wt%的聚醚碸,但不添加改質聚醚醯亞胺;比較例三是添加14.94wt%的改質聚醚醯亞胺,但不添加聚醚碸。比較例一至三的反應條件、彎曲測試、DMA及破壞韌性的測試結果係如表一所示。
根據表一,相較於完全不添加熱塑性工程塑膠的比較例一,實施例一、比較例二及比較例三的彎曲測試及DMA模數皆下降,而KIC皆上升。再者,相較於比較例二的模數有顯著大幅下降,實施例一的模數下降幅度不大;而相較於比較例三的KIC僅0.9,實施例一的KIC與比較
例二的差異不大。換言之,實施例一藉由添加聚醚碸及改質聚醚醯亞胺所製得之樹脂基質可同時維持較佳的彎曲強度及韌性。
碳纖維複材
將上述實施例一、比較例一及比較例二的樹脂基質含浸碳纖維3K編織布後經,對其分別進行0°拉伸強度、0°壓縮強度、層間剪切強度、面內剪切強度以及加工性等測試。複材之拉伸強度測試係根據ASTM D3039規範;複材之壓縮強度測試係根據ASTM D6641規範;複材之層間剪切強度測試係根據ASTM D2344規範;複材之面內剪切強度測試係根據ASTM D3518規範。強度測試結果如以下表二所示。
由以上表二可看出,以實施例一含浸的碳纖維預浸布的強度較高,具有良好的複材物性。再者,根據其加工性測試,實施例一的樹脂基質在含浸溫度下黏度適中,故碳纖維預浸布的含浸良好;相對地,比較例一的樹脂基質在含浸溫度下黏度極低,溢流嚴重,造成碳纖維預浸布的樹脂缺乏且分布不均;比較例二的樹脂基質在含浸溫度下
黏度較高,故碳纖維預浸布的含浸較差。換言之,由於實施例一的樹脂基質使碳纖維預浸布充分含浸,故可具有較佳的複材物性。
根據上述實施例,本發明提供樹脂基質組成物、預浸料、碳纖維複合材料及樹脂基質的製造方法,其係藉由添加聚碸類工程塑膠及改質聚醚醯亞胺至環氧樹脂,以製得同時具有海島相及共連續相兩種相形貌分離的樹脂基質。具有雙相分離的樹脂基質可兼具有良好的彎曲強度及韌性,且含浸黏度適中,故適合用來含浸碳纖維,以製得預浸料及碳纖維複合材料。
雖然本發明已以數個實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,在本發明所屬技術領域中任何具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100:方法
110,120,130:操作
Claims (8)
- 一種樹脂基質組成物,包含:環氧樹脂;聚碸類工程塑膠,其中基於該環氧樹脂為100wt%,該聚碸類工程塑膠為0.5wt%至30wt%;一改質聚醚醯亞胺,其中基於該環氧樹脂為100wt%,該改質聚醚醯亞胺為0.5wt%至20wt%,該改質聚醚醯亞胺係藉由一親核基化合物與聚醚醯亞胺所製得,且該親核基化合物具有之親核性官能基包含羥基、硫醇基、羧基及/或胺基;以及胺類固化劑。
- 如請求項1所述之樹脂基質組成物,其中該胺類固化劑具有之胺基與該環氧樹脂具有之環氧基的一比值為0.6至1.3。
- 如請求項1所述之樹脂基質組成物,更包含:一硬化促進劑,其中該硬化促進劑包含胺系硬化促進劑、胍胺系硬化促進劑、咪唑系硬化促進劑及/或鏻系硬化促進劑。
- 如請求項1所述之樹脂基質組成物,其中該環氧樹脂的種類包含雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、酚醛環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂、 脂肪族環氧樹脂、雙環戊二烯酚醛環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、胺基苯酚、亞甲基二苯胺、四縮水甘油基二胺基二苯基甲烷或前述之組合。
- 如請求項1所述之樹脂基質組成物,其中該胺類固化劑的種類包含脂肪胺固化劑、脂環族胺類固化劑、芳香族胺類固化劑、雙氰胺固化劑、聚醚胺固化劑、聚氨基醯胺固化劑、聚胺固化劑、聚醯胺固化劑或前述之組合。
- 一種預浸料,包含請求項1至5任一項所述之樹脂基質組成物及碳纖維。
- 一種碳纖維複合材料,其係將請求項6所述之預浸料經過一熱壓成型製程所製得。
- 一種樹脂基質的製造方法,包含:在90℃至130℃的一溫度下,混合環氧樹脂及一改質聚醚醯亞胺,以獲得一第一溶液,其中基於該環氧樹脂為100wt%,該改質聚醚醯亞胺為0.5wt%至20wt%;在100℃至150℃的一溫度下,混合該第一溶液與聚碸類工程塑膠,以獲得一第二溶液,其中基於該環氧樹脂為100wt%,該聚碸類工程塑膠為0.5wt%至30wt%;以及添加胺類固化劑至該第二溶液中,以獲得該樹脂基質。
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TW202006025A (zh) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-02-01 | 日商可樂麗股份有限公司 | 纖維強化樹脂複合體及其製造方法、以及纖維強化樹脂複合體用不織布 |
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TW201245300A (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-11-16 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | Matrix resin composition, prepreg, method for producing thereof, and fiber-reinforced composite material |
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CN110945074A (zh) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-03-31 | 株式会社钟化 | 环氧树脂组合物 |
TW202006025A (zh) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-02-01 | 日商可樂麗股份有限公司 | 纖維強化樹脂複合體及其製造方法、以及纖維強化樹脂複合體用不織布 |
TW202130720A (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-08-16 | 日商東麗股份有限公司 | 預浸漬物、積層體及一體成形品 |
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