TWI812330B - Food waste decomposition kit and food waste treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a food waste decomposition kit, comprising a main body made of decomposable material and an additive placed in the main body, wherein the additive includes decomposing auxiliary materials, nutrients and water-absorbing auxiliary materials. In addition, the present disclosure also provides a method for treating food waste. The food waste is directly put into the food waste machine, and then the food waste decomposition kit is put into the food waste machine to make the food waste into organic fertilizer. Thereby, the effects of rapidly producing high-quality organic fertilizers, reducing waste and saving processing steps can be achieved.

Description

Food waste decomposition kit and food waste treatment method

The invention relates to a kitchen waste decomposition kit and a kitchen waste processing method. Specifically, it relates to a food waste decomposition kit and food waste processing method that is packaged with decomposition auxiliary materials to assist in the decomposition of food waste and can be directly put into a food waste machine.

The disposal of food waste has always been an unavoidable problem in daily life. Whether it is takeout, delivery, or cooking by yourself, there will be more or less food waste that needs to be disposed of. Most of the food waste contains high water content and is easy to smell. If it is not cleaned on the same day, it will easily breed bacteria and affect environmental hygiene. Moreover, its odor will affect the quality of life and may even breed fruit flies, causing a lot of trouble.

In the past, food waste was usually stored in plastic bags and then recycled to a building or community after it accumulated to a certain amount. During this period, odors may be produced or fruit flies may breed, which is often unbearable. In addition, whether food waste is used as feed or compost, it will still produce odor and cause trouble to neighbors. In order to reduce the problem of food waste disposal, reducing it at the source is a more fundamental approach.

In recent years, some manufacturers have developed food waste machines to make food waste processing easier and more convenient. The main methods are divided into three types, namely drying method, refrigeration method and composting method. Among them, the drying method only heats, dries and reduces the amount of food waste. It does not decompose and requires post-ripening and stacking for several weeks before it can be used as organic fertilizer. The refrigeration method only achieves prolonging the stinking time, and ultimately it is centralized and disposed of. The composting method uses raw materials and microorganisms to help aeration and decomposition, but it is time-consuming and often produces odor problems.

Therefore, there is a need for a product and method that can make food waste treatment more convenient, faster and more effective to solve the problems of adding separate materials, odor and time-consuming in the conventional food waste treatment.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a food waste decomposition kit for use in a food waste machine, which includes: a container made of decomposable materials; and additives placed in the container; wherein The additives include decomposition excipients, nutrients and water-absorbing excipients.

Preferably, the decomposable material includes at least one of natural substances, chemically synthesized substances and microbial synthetic substances.

Preferably, the natural substance includes at least one of cellulose, starch, essence, herbaceous substance, collagen and chitosan.

Preferably, the chemically synthesized substance includes at least one of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT).

Preferably, the microbial synthetic substance contains polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA).

Preferably, the decomposition auxiliary material includes enzymes and/or microorganisms.

Preferably, the enzyme is at least one of oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lytic enzymes, isomerases and synthases.

Preferably, the microorganism is at least one of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and photosynthetic bacteria.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the decomposition auxiliary material to the nutrient is 10 to 40:5 to 30.

Preferably, the water-absorbing auxiliary material is at least one of essence, straw and chaff.

In addition to the above objects, the present invention also provides a food waste processing method, which includes: the steps of placing food waste into a food waste machine; the step of adding a food waste decomposition kit; and using the food waste machine to decompose the food waste. The steps of combining the food waste and the food waste decomposition kit to produce organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the food waste includes at least one of raw food waste and cooked food waste.

With the above technical features, the food waste decomposition kit and food waste treatment method provided by the present invention have at least the following advantages:

(1) With the food waste decomposition kit according to the present invention, the container made of decomposable materials can be used. When the food waste decomposition kit is put into the food waste machine, there is no need to deal with plastic bags separately, saving cleaning. time and excess garbage.

(2) With the food waste decomposition kit according to the present invention, the decomposition of food waste can be accelerated by decomposing auxiliary materials and nutrients, and excess moisture in food waste can be absorbed through water-absorbing auxiliary materials, reducing the leakage of juice and reducing mess.

(3) Through the food waste decomposition kit according to the present invention, it is possible to avoid possible contamination by dust, bacteria, etc. when each component is stored separately, and it is also easier to preserve. At the same time, pre-preparing the proportions of each ingredient can also avoid the inconvenience of users adding them separately or adding the wrong proportions.

(4) Through the food waste processing method according to the present invention, the user can directly put the food waste decomposition set into the food waste decomposition set when processing the food waste, without cutting the bag or tearing the outer packaging, and the food waste can be made into organic fertilizer .

1: Food waste decomposition kit

100: Container

200: Additives

201: Decompose excipients

202: Nutrients

203: Water-absorbing accessories

400: Food waste disposal methods

S401~S403: steps

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a food waste decomposition kit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a flow chart of a food waste processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 shows the results of organic matter fertilizers obtained by processing raw/cooked food waste through a food waste machine using a food waste decomposition kit according to the embodiment of the present invention and the results of the germination rate test.

Embodiments are described in detail below with reference to relevant drawings. However, these embodiments can be implemented in different forms, but this is not the only form of implementing or using the specific embodiments of the claimed invention, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the above-mentioned embodiments. The embodiments cover features of multiple specific embodiments as well as method steps and their sequences for constructing and operating these specific embodiments. However, other specific embodiments may also be used to achieve the same or equivalent functions and step sequences. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the spirit of the invention to those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs. Similar reference symbols in the drawings refer to similar components. In the following description, conventional functions or structures will not be described in detail to avoid unnecessary details of the embodiments.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical words and terms used herein have the same meanings commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this invention belongs. In the event of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.

Unless there is conflict with the context, the singular form of a noun used in this specification shall include the plural form of the noun; and the plural form of the noun shall also include the singular form of the noun. Furthermore, in this description In the document and the scope of the patent application, the expressions "at least one" and "one or more" have the same meaning, and both of them mean that one, two, three or more are included.

Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters defining the broader scope of the invention are approximations, the relevant numerical values in the specific embodiments are presented as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains the standard deviation resulting from the individual testing methods used. As used herein, "about" generally means that the actual value is within plus or minus 10%, 5%, 1% or 0.5% of a specific value or range. Alternatively, the word "about" means that the actual value falls within an acceptable standard error of the mean, as determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Except for the examples, or unless otherwise expressly stated, it is understood that all ranges, quantities, numerical values and percentages used herein (for example, to describe the amount of material, length of time, temperature, operating conditions, quantitative proportions and other similar ) are all modified by "approval". Therefore, unless otherwise stated to the contrary, the numerical parameters disclosed in this specification and the patent scope are approximate values and may be changed according to needs. At a minimum, these numerical parameters should be understood to mean the number of significant digits indicated and the value obtained by applying ordinary rounding. Herein, numerical ranges are expressed from one endpoint to the other point or between two endpoints; unless otherwise stated, numerical ranges stated herein include the endpoints.

Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of a food waste decomposition kit 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The food waste decomposition kit 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is used to be installed in the food waste machine 300, and includes a container 100 and an additive 200 installed in the container. The container 100 is made of decomposable materials, which may include, for example, natural substances, chemical synthetic substances, and/or microbial synthetic substances. The natural substances may include at least one of cellulose, starch, essence, grass, collagen, and chitosan; the chemically synthesized substances may include polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), Polyterephthalate adipate At least one of butylene glycol acid ester (PBAT); the microbial synthetic material may include polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Specifically, the biodegradable material constituting the container 100 can be biodegradable paper, biodegradable pulp and plant fiber composites, biodegradable plant fiber and starch composites, water-based polymer materials (PVA, PVA+starch composites). materials), biodegradable plastics (PBAT, PBS). Through the above-mentioned natural substances, chemically synthesized substances and/or microbial synthetic substances, the food waste decomposition kit 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention can be physically, chemically or Biological decomposition, and the decomposed products will not cause harm to the environment. The container 100 in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited in its form, and may be in the form of a bag, a box, or any form that can accommodate the additive 200 . The container 100 is preferably a packaging bag, packaging box or capsule.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the container 100 may further include enzymes or microorganisms that decompose taste, so that they can be decomposed together when put into the kitchen waste machine to form organic fertilizer.

The additives 200 included in the food waste decomposition kit 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention may include decomposition auxiliary materials 201, nutrients 202 and water-absorbing auxiliary materials 203. The decomposition auxiliary material 201 contains enzymes and/or microorganisms. Enzymes intended to assist decomposition may include oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lytic enzymes, isomerases, synthases, etc. (these can be used alone or in combination. Two or more species are used in combination), preferably hydrolytic enzymes, and microorganisms can include bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, photosynthetic bacteria, etc. (these can be used alone or in combination of two or more species), preferably Bacillus, By adding the decomposition auxiliary material 201, the decomposition speed can be accelerated when the food waste is matured into organic fertilizer, thereby reducing the time required for decomposition. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the nutrients 202 are used to supplement the deficient ingredients in the decomposed organic fertilizer. For example, they may include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and trace elements, etc., so that the decomposed organic fertilizer can be directly used. Used in potted plants or fields, no need to add other substances. In addition, the nutrients 202 may also include substances required by the decomposition auxiliary materials 201 when decomposing food waste, such as biological carbon sources and bioenergy, which can make decomposition The process is faster. The decomposition auxiliary material 201 and the nutrient substance 202 according to the embodiment of the present invention can be provided in a solid powder form or a liquid form, and can be contained in the container 100 in any suitable manner. Through the food waste decomposition kit 1 according to the present invention, it is possible to avoid possible contamination by dust, bacteria, etc. when each component is stored separately, and it is also easier to preserve. At the same time, pre-preparing the proportions of each ingredient can also avoid the inconvenience of users adding them separately or adding the wrong proportions.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the water-absorbing auxiliary material 203 is used to absorb excess water from kitchen waste, and can be made of materials with water-absorbing effects and decomposable, such as essence, straw, rice husks, etc. (the etc. can be used alone or in combination of two or more), preferably the essential class. The water-absorbing auxiliary material 203 may account for 30% to 60% by weight of the additive composition, preferably 50% by weight.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the decomposition auxiliary material 201 may account for 10 to 40% by weight of the additive 200, preferably 30% by weight, and the nutrient substance 202 may account for 5 to 30% by weight of the additive 200, preferably 30% by weight. It is 20% by weight. With this proportion, the efficiency of decomposed food waste can be optimized. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the amount of additive 200 is proportional to the volume of food waste, which is approximately 1:100, preferably 1:50.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the additive 200 can be directly contained in the container 100, but the present invention is not limited thereto. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the decomposition auxiliary material 201 and the nutrient substance 202 can be encapsulated in the container. 100 is made of the same decomposable material to control the degree of decomposition of the food waste, and at the same time, the water-absorbing auxiliary material 203 is used to control the moisture content of the food waste.

Next, please refer to Figure 2, which is a flow chart of a food waste processing method 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The food waste processing method 400 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the step S401 of placing the food waste into the food waste machine; the step S402 of putting the food waste decomposition kit into the food waste machine; and using the food waste machine to contain the food waste. There is a step S403 of producing organic fertilizer from the food waste and the food waste decomposition kit.

In step S401, the user can put food waste generated in daily life into the food waste machine. In step S402, the user can directly put the food waste decomposition set 1 into the food waste machine. Since the food waste decomposition set 1 contains the container 100, when it is put into the food waste machine to make organic fertilizer Can be decomposed together without producing excess waste. At the same time, since the food waste decomposition kit 1 contains additives 200, it can assist decomposition through decomposition auxiliary materials 201 and nutrients 202, speeding up the production of organic fertilizers, and supplementing substances that may be lacking in food waste raw materials, so as to Make the application range of organic fertilizers wider. In addition, through the addition of the water-absorbing auxiliary material 203, the excess moisture in the food waste can be absorbed, reducing the leakage of juice and mess, and the humidity can be adjusted to an appropriate humidity when making organic fertilizer. The applicable food waste machine here is a composting food waste machine, which can stir, break, heat and react the input materials to achieve the effect of decomposing food waste into organic fertilizer. In another embodiment, the food waste machine may further include a mincing function, which can further improve the efficiency of decomposition. Next, in step S403, the food waste decomposition set 1 containing food waste is made into organic fertilizer through the aforementioned composting food waste machine. Since the food waste decomposition kit 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a decomposable container 100 and an additive 200, and there is no need to add additional substances such as scraps, enzymes, sugars, etc., the organic matter fertilizer can be directly converted, thereby achieving savings. The effects of time and effort. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the food waste to the additive is 50 to 100:1. In a preferred embodiment, the food waste is raw food waste, cooked food waste or a mixture thereof.

In the foregoing embodiments, the situation is described in terms of household use, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the implementation of the same concept, it can be applied to a larger amount of food waste processing. For example, you can use The same effect can be achieved by decomposing the material to create a body 100 with a larger volume, expanding the mass of the additive 200 according to the proportion, and putting it into a larger food waste machine.

Next, please refer to Figure 3. Figure 3 shows the results of the organic matter fertilizer and its germination rate test obtained after the raw/cooked food waste, including/excluding the food waste decomposition kit according to the embodiment of the present invention, is processed by the food waste machine.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, raw food waste and cooked food waste are converted into organic fertilizer using a food waste machine with and without the use of the food waste decomposition kit 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. According to Brinton (2000) "Compost quality standards & guidelines", it is pointed out that the seed germination rate is 80-90% compared with the water control group, which is considered "mature". If it is more than 90%, it is considered "mature". Compost considered "Very Mature".

Example 1: Raw food waste treatment

30% by weight of decomposable auxiliary materials, 20% by weight of nutrients, and 50% by weight of water-absorbing auxiliary materials are placed in a biodegradable container to obtain the biological food waste decomposition kit of the present invention. Then, household raw food waste is placed in a commercially available container. A composting food waste machine is available and put into the biological food waste decomposition kit of the present invention, wherein the weight ratio of the raw food waste to the additives in the biological food waste decomposition kit is 50:1. Then, the food waste machine is started, so that the raw food waste decomposition set contained therein is heated and acted on in the food waste machine, thereby obtaining organic fertilizer.

Example 2: Cooked food waste treatment

The household raw food waste in Example 1 is replaced with household cooked food waste, and the remaining processing steps are the same as those in Example 1.

Comparative Example 1: Raw food waste treatment

Place household raw food waste in a biodegradable container that does not contain additives, and then put it into a commercially available composting food waste machine. Then, the food waste machine is started, so that the raw food waste contained therein is heated and acted upon in the food waste machine, thereby obtaining organic fertilizer.

Comparative Example 2: Cooked Food Waste Treatment

Place household cooked food waste in a commercially available composting food waste machine. Then, the food waste machine is started, so that the cooked food waste contained therein is heated and acted on in the food waste machine, thereby obtaining organic fertilizer.

As shown in the upper part of Figure 3, in the column of raw food waste, the organic matter fertilizer made by adding the food waste decomposition kit 1 is darker in color and has a finer texture. It can be seen that its decomposition degree is higher. At the same time, during germination The result obtained in the rate test is that the germination rate is 100%, which has reached the aforementioned "very mature" state. For organic fertilizers that have not been added to the food waste decomposition set 1, the shape of the original food waste in the raw food waste can still be seen, and the color is also lighter, which shows that the degree of decomposition is lower, and the germination rate test only reached 28%. The germination rate, that is to say, by adding the food waste decomposition kit 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the degree of decomposition of raw food waste can be effectively improved and higher quality organic fertilizer can be obtained.

As shown in the lower part of Figure 3, in the column of cooked food waste, the color of the organic matter fertilizer made by adding the food waste decomposition kit 1 is darker, which shows that its organic matter content is higher. At the same time, the germination rate test obtained The result was a germination rate of 92%, which has reached the "very mature" state mentioned above. The color of the organic matter fertilizer that is not added to the food waste decomposition kit 1 is also lighter. It can be seen that its organic matter content is lower. In the germination rate test, it only reaches a germination rate of 60%. That is to say, by adding the fertilizer implemented according to the present invention The food waste decomposition kit 1 in the example can effectively improve the degree of decomposition of cooked food waste and obtain higher-quality organic fertilizer.

With the food waste decomposition kit 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to use the container 100 made of decomposable materials, so that when the food waste decomposition kit 1 is put into the food waste machine, there is no need to process plastic bags separately. Save cleaning time and excess garbage, and also decompose auxiliary materials 201 and nutrients 202 accelerates the decomposition of food waste, and can absorb excess moisture in the food waste through the water-absorbing auxiliary material 203. In addition, through the food waste processing method 400 according to the embodiment of the present invention, organic fertilizer with high degree of decay can be produced, and the processing time of the organic fertilizer can be saved, thereby improving the convenience and practicality of food waste processing.

The above is merely illustrative and not restrictive. Any equivalent modifications or changes that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be included in the scope defined by the patent application.

400: Food waste disposal methods

S401~S403: steps

Claims (9)

A food waste decomposition kit for use in a food waste machine, which includes: a container made of decomposable materials; and an additive disposed in the container; wherein the additive includes a decomposition auxiliary material , a nutrient and a water-absorbing auxiliary material; the decomposition auxiliary material includes an enzyme and/or a microorganism; the nutrient includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, trace elements, and/or biological carbon sources and bioenergy; the water-absorbing auxiliary material includes The auxiliary materials include at least one of essences, straws and cereal husks; the weight ratio of the decomposition auxiliary materials to the nutrients is 10 to 40: 5 to 30; the water absorbing auxiliary materials account for 30% to 60% by weight of the composition of the additives %. The food waste decomposition kit of claim 1, wherein the decomposable material includes at least one of natural substances, chemical synthetic substances and microbial synthetic substances. The food waste decomposition kit of claim 2, wherein the natural substance includes at least one of cellulose, starch, essence, herbaceous matter, collagen and chitosan. The food waste decomposition kit as described in claim 2, wherein the chemically synthesized substance includes polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) at least one. The food waste decomposition kit of claim 2, wherein the microbial synthetic substance includes polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). The food waste decomposition kit of claim 1, wherein the enzyme is at least one of oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lytic enzymes, isomerases and synthases. The food waste decomposition kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microorganism is at least one of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and photosynthetic bacteria. A food waste processing method, including: the step of placing a piece of food waste into a food waste machine; the step of adding the food waste decomposition kit described in any one of claims 1 to 7; and using the food waste machine to separate the food waste. The steps of preparing organic fertilizer from food waste and the food waste decomposition kit. The method of claim 8, wherein the food waste includes at least one of raw food waste and cooked food waste.