TWI810626B - 製造由具有聚合物嵌入件之硬性材料製成的零件之方法 - Google Patents
製造由具有聚合物嵌入件之硬性材料製成的零件之方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明關於製造裝飾性零件(舉例而言為錶、珠寶或電話零件,尤其是錶冠)的方法,零件至少部分包含維氏硬度超過1,000 HV的硬性材料;本發明的特徵在於方法包含以下主要步驟:
從至少一粉末材料與黏結劑的混合物來製作前驅物的步驟,
製作由聚合材料所製成的嵌入件(11)的步驟,嵌入件(11)至少部分具有零件之至少一部分所要的負形,
將前驅物注射至模具中而包覆模塑至由聚合材料所製成的嵌入件(11)上的步驟以形成生胚(10),以及
燒結該生胚(10)的步驟以從該硬性材料形成未來零件的本體。
Description
本發明關於製造裝飾性零件的領域,尤其是在製錶、珠寶或電話產業,該零件是由硬性材料所製成。本發明更特定而言關於製造錶零件的方法,該零件舉例而言為錶冠或中部,其具有由聚合材料所製成的嵌入件。
於製錶或珠寶工業,使用多樣的材料來製造具有不同外表的外殼或手鐲。尤其,已知時計(特別是錶殼或手鍊)是使用硬性材料所製造。硬性材料要理解成意謂維氏(Vickers)硬度超過1,000 HV的材料。此種硬性材料的範例包括陶瓷、氮化矽、氧化鋯、藍寶石或氧化鋁。
於製錶時,它們因其機械性質而被使用,尤其因為它們難以刮傷。它們舉例而言用於製造例如錶中部或手環的零件。
在賦予零件所要的形狀之注射步驟後,再由燒結步驟來硬化材料,則獲得了裝飾性零件。
然而,此種注射方法不提供足夠精確的尺寸。舉例而言,對於手鐲中的鍊或環來說需要自攻螺孔以便能夠在當中旋鎖螺釘或有螺紋的元件。錶中部可能需要自攻螺孔,舉例而言以便旋鎖於錶冠中。然而,對於由硬性材料所製成的中部來說,僅可以使用加壓作業來組裝錶冠。也必須做出用於按鍵的孔,其無法用注射方法來獲得。尤其,螺紋或自攻螺紋是難以形成於硬性材料中。
為了達成此點,中部必須加工以形成自攻螺紋。然而,硬性材料因為其硬度而難以加工。為此目的,使用了服務壽命短的鑽石工具,其極為昂貴。
有利的會是製作由硬性材料所製成的零件,硬性材料不需或需極少的加工,特別是對於陶瓷材料而言,但它舉例而言包含功能性表面。
本發明提出此種方法。藉由使用硬性材料和由聚合材料所製成的嵌入件,本方法不再需要直接加工硬性材料。這藉由盡可能多避免加工硬性材料的需求而減少製造零件的成本。再者,它允許生成所選尺寸的孔,其在必要時具有自攻螺紋。
更特定而言,本發明關於製造零件的方法,該零件舉例而言為錶、珠寶或電話的零件,尤其是錶中部,該零件至少部分包含維氏硬度超過1,000 HV的硬性材料。
根據本發明,方法包含以下主要步驟:
從至少一粉末材料與黏結劑的混合物來製作前驅物的步驟,
製作由聚合材料所製成的嵌入件的步驟,嵌入件至少部分具有零件之至少一部分所要的負形,
將前驅物注射至模具中而包覆模塑(overmoulding)至由聚合材料所製成的嵌入件上的步驟以形成生胚,以及
燒結該生胚的步驟以從該硬性材料形成未來零件的本體。
根據本發明的一特定具體態樣,方法進一步包含移除聚合物嵌入件的步驟以獲得部分具有預定形狀的零件,此步驟先於燒結步驟。
根據本發明的一特定具體態樣,方法進一步包含組裝零件的步驟。
根據本發明的一特定具體態樣,方法包含加工生胚的步驟。
根據本發明的一特定具體態樣,包覆模塑步驟在於將生胚包覆模塑至部分嵌入生胚中的嵌入件上以在當中生成孔。
根據本發明的一特定具體態樣,包覆模塑步驟在於將生胚包覆模塑於嵌入件周圍以在當中生成封閉腔穴。
根據本發明的一特定具體態樣,嵌入件包括螺紋以於生胚中生成自攻螺紋。
根據本發明的一特定具體態樣,聚合物選自以下所列:PVB (塑化聚乙烯丁醛)、CAB (塑化醋酸丁酸纖維素)、及PBMA (聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯)型丙烯酸樹脂。
根據本發明的一特定具體態樣,硬性材料選自例如氮化矽、氧化鋯、氧化鋁、陶金、金屬或這些金屬之複合物的材料。
本發明進一步關於裝飾性零件,其舉例而言為時計、珠寶或電話的零件,尤其是錶中部,其包含由維氏硬度超過1,000 HV之硬性材料所製成的本體,而零件在本體的厚度中設有封閉腔穴。
本發明進一步關於錶殼,其包含此種裝飾性零件以及晶體、固持晶體在零件上的錶框、和關閉錶殼的背部。
圖1顯示製造裝飾性零件10的方法1,該零件舉例而言為時計、珠寶或電話的零件。裝飾性零件舉例而言為錶殼中部、錶框、錶殼背部、時計的寶石或按鍵、珠寶手鐲或戒指、或甚至是行動電話外殼。零件10至少部分包含維氏硬度超過1,000 HV的硬性材料。硬性材料舉例而言是陶瓷材料,例如氧化鋁(Al
2O
3)、氧化鋯(ZrO
2)、碳化物、氮化物、陶金、硬金屬或維氏硬度超過1,000 HV的任何其他材料。
方法1包含第一步驟2:從至少一粉末材料與黏結劑的混合物來製作前驅物。在此背景下,陶瓷基粉末可以至少含有金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物或金屬碳化物。舉例來說,陶瓷基粉末可以含有氧化鋁或氧化鋁和氧化鉻的混合物(以形成合成紅寶石)、氧化鋯(其可以可選擇地染色)、氧化鋁(其可以可選擇地染色)、氮化矽、陶金、金屬、及這些金屬的複合物。陶金舉例而言是碳化鈦或碳化鎢。金屬舉例而言是鎢、鈦、316L不鏽鋼或鋼,較佳為無鎳。
再者,黏結劑是有機類型。
方法1包含第二步驟3:製作由聚合材料所製成的嵌入件,嵌入件至少部分具有零件之至少一部分所要的負形。嵌入件所包括的至少一部分具有由硬性材料所製成的最終本體之一部分所要的負形。聚合物舉例而言選自以下所列:PVB (塑化聚乙烯丁醛)、CAB (塑化醋酸丁酸纖維素)、或PBMA (聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯)型丙烯酸樹脂。
第三步驟4在於將前驅物包覆模塑至由聚合材料所製成的嵌入件上以形成生胚。包覆模塑尤其是以注射至模具中而進行。考量零件的收縮率,模具至少部分具有所要零件的形狀。前驅物經由管子而注射至模具中,然後經由前驅物分布迴路而遍及模具。前驅物因此採取模具的形狀,舉例而言如在此所述範例的錶殼中部形狀。替代選擇而言,也可以使用圓形凸片或通道來進行注射。生胚採取模具的形狀且至少部分採取它所包覆模塑之嵌入件的形狀。
於第四步驟5,加工生胚以移除注射所製作之生胚的不需要部分。舉例而言,移除因為注射系統中之分布迴路或管子所形成的管道或通道。此導致經加工的生胚。
於第五步驟6,聚合物嵌入件以熱脫黏(debinding)來移除。較佳而言,把包覆模塑至嵌入件上的生胚浸沒於80°乙醇浴液中。乙醇浴液溶解聚合物嵌入件,以致獲得嵌入件賦予之所要形狀的生胚。替代選擇而言,可以進行熱脫黏以移除聚合物嵌入件。包覆模塑至嵌入件上的本體因此加熱至高溫以移除聚合物。生胚因此脫除了聚合物嵌入件。嵌入件在生胚中留下正形,例如自攻螺孔。
第六步驟7的目標在於燒結該加工生胚,以在該至少一硬性材料中形成未來零件的本體。燒結在於加熱前驅物,使得粉末顆粒聚結。在燒結期間,生胚收縮而硬化以由燒結速率來製作硬體。較佳而言,根據本發明,燒結步驟可以包括熱裂解。獲得的零件本體以此步驟而大致硬化。因此,零件的本體具有明確的形狀。
也可能需要第七步驟8以整平和/或拋光硬性材料。此改善中部的美感外觀。
最後,於第八步驟9,組裝零件和其他元件,舉例而言藉由旋鎖,這多虧使用本方法所獲得的形狀。舉例而言,若零件是設有自攻螺孔的鐘錶中部,則按鈕或錶冠組裝於中部。
圖2a)到2c)顯示生胚10和嵌入件11,其可以在本方法的特定步驟之後用於製作錶冠。在第二製作步驟結束時,獲得具有偏好形狀的嵌入件11,例如圖2a)所示。於此範例,嵌入件11是具有第一區段12和第二區段13的圓柱形元件,第二區段13意欲賦予生胚10內部形狀。第二區段13比第一區段12窄且包括在其周邊上的螺紋14。使用嵌入件11以在生胚10中形成圓柱形孔15,孔15則在錶冠的內周壁上設有自攻螺紋16。此允許在組裝步驟期間旋鎖完工的零件。
於圖2b),前驅物包覆模塑至嵌入件11上,而導致如圖2b)所示的組合。於此範例,呈錶冠形狀的生胚10已經形成在嵌入件11上。錶冠是圓柱形且在一端具有較厚部分17。生胚10包覆模塑至嵌入件11的第二區段13上,使得嵌入件11的第二區段13被壓入生胚10中。因此,當移除嵌入件11時,孔15形成於圖2c)所示的生胚11中。也可以看到嵌入件11的螺紋14已將自攻螺紋16壓印至生胚10的孔15中。在移除聚合物嵌入件11和燒結生胚10的步驟之後,獲得具有自攻螺孔的錶冠。錶冠可以穿過錶中部而旋鎖至鐘錶機芯桿上。
圖3a)和3b)顯示使用此方法所製作之零件的另一範例。零件是中部20而設有自攻螺孔22,其便於組裝按鈕,舉例而言將按鈕旋鎖至孔中即可。自攻螺孔22配置在中部的周面21上。圖3b)放大顯示孔22的內部自攻螺紋。
圖4顯示裝飾性零件的另一範例,其使用根據本發明的方法所製作。錶中部29包括孔35,其設有自攻螺紋27以旋鎖於錶冠26的管部28中。錶冠26包含管部28和組裝在一起之錶冠26的頭部36。管部28包含在其周壁上的螺紋37,其與孔35的自攻螺紋27偕同運作。具有自攻螺孔35的中部20使用根據本發明的方法而獲得,尤其自攻螺孔35是使用聚合物嵌入件而形成。
使用根據本發明方法所製作之裝飾性零件的另一範例是圖5所示的手鍊或手環30。鍊30大致是平坦長形。該鍊包含縱向貫穿開口34以容納用於與錶中部組裝的插銷。鍊30包括二自攻螺孔31、32,其允許鍊30旋鎖於另一鍊。孔31、32是使用聚合物嵌入件而獲得。本方法也允許孔31、32彼此靠近。
用於執行包覆模塑鍊30的步驟之系統40的一範例顯示於圖6a)和6b)。顯示的是二鍊形模具41、42,每個模具41、42配置在前驅物供應管道43、44的末端。主要管道46允許注射前驅物,該前驅物經由二供應管道43、44而分布至模具41、42。模具41、42具有開口,嵌入件45可以藉此來定位。顯示於圖6a)之近觀圖的嵌入件45形狀為圓柱形,並且至少部分設有周邊螺紋47。螺紋部分經由開口而嵌入模具41、42中。比開口寬的第二部分則維持在模具41、42外面。因此,當前驅物注射至模具41、42中,所得的生胚具有鍊的形狀且同時包覆模塑至嵌入件45上。然後從模具移除具有一或更多個嵌入件的鍊,並且進行後續的步驟,包括移除嵌入件45。
根據本發明的方法進一步允許生胚50包覆模塑於嵌入件51周圍以在當中生成封閉腔穴52。封閉要理解成意謂腔穴被材料(亦即本體的材料)所連續包圍。嵌入件51被前驅物完全包圍。聚合物嵌入件然後在移除步驟期間以相同於部分包覆模塑之嵌入件的方式而移除。此種方法舉例而言允許製作較輕的錶中部,因為中部是部分沒有材料。圖7a)顯示呈錶中部之形式的生胚50,而嵌入件51包在中部的材料中。當嵌入件51已消失時,空洞52出現在形成中部之材料的厚度中,如圖7b)所示。此種方法使零件更輕,並且減少用於製造它的材料量。
其他零件可以使用上文所述方法來製作。舉例而言,可以製成時計的錶框、背部、寶石或按鍵,而珠寶手鐲或戒指或電話機殼也是。這些零件都包括由硬性材料所製成的本體,其設有孔或腔穴。
1:製造裝飾性零件的方法
2~9:製造裝飾性零件的方法步驟
10:生胚
11:嵌入件
12:第一區段
13:第二區段
14:螺紋
15:孔
16:自攻螺紋
17:較厚部分
20:錶中部
21:周面
22:自攻螺孔
26:錶冠
27:自攻螺紋
28:管部
29:錶中部
30:手鍊或手環
31:自攻螺孔
32:自攻螺孔
34:縱向貫穿開口
35:孔
36:頭部
37:螺紋
40:系統
41:鍊形模具
42:鍊形模具
43:前驅物供應管道
44:前驅物供應管道
45:嵌入件
46:主要管道
47:周邊螺紋
50:生胚
51:嵌入件
52:封閉腔穴
參考伴隨圖式將更好理解本發明,其中:
[圖1]是顯示根據本發明之方法的方塊圖解,
[圖2a)到2c)]顯示零件的截面圖,其使用根據本發明的方法而在特定步驟之後獲得,
[圖3a)和3b)]顯示設有自攻螺孔之錶中部的立體圖,其使用根據本發明的方法而獲得,
[圖4]顯示安裝在錶中部上之錶冠的截面圖,
[圖5]顯示手鍊的立體圖,其使用根據本發明的方法而獲得,
[圖6a)和6b)]顯示執行根據本發明之方法的系統,以及
[圖7a)和7b)]顯示設有封閉腔穴之錶殼的截面圖,其使用根據本發明的方法而獲得。
10:生胚
11:嵌入件
12:第一區段
13:第二區段
14:螺紋
15:孔
16:自攻螺紋
17:較厚部分
Claims (10)
- 一種製造裝飾性零件(20、30)的方法(1),該零件(20、30)至少部分包含維氏硬度超過1,000HV的硬性材料,該方法包含以下主要步驟:步驟(2):從至少一粉末材料與黏結劑的混合物來製作前驅物,步驟(3):製作由聚合材料所製成的嵌入件(11、45、51),該嵌入件(11、45、51)至少部分具有該零件之至少一部分所要的負形,步驟(4):將該前驅物注射至模具(41、42)中而包覆模塑由聚合材料所製成的該嵌入件(11、45、51)上以形成生胚(10、50),以及步驟(7):燒結該生胚(10、50)以從該硬性材料形成該未來零件(20、30)的硬體,該方法的特徵在於該包覆模塑步驟(4)在於將該生胚(50)包覆模塑於該嵌入件(51)周圍以在當中生成封閉腔穴(52)。
- 根據請求項1的方法,其進一步包含步驟(6):移除該聚合物嵌入件(11、45、51)以獲得部分具有預定形狀的零件(20、30),此步驟先於該燒結步驟(7)。
- 根據請求項1或2的方法,其進一步包含步驟(9):組裝該零件(20、30)。
- 根據請求項1的方法,其進一步包含步驟(5):加工該生胚(10、50)。
- 根據請求項1的方法,其中該包覆模塑步驟(4)在於將該生胚(10、50)包覆模塑至部分嵌入該生胚(10)中的該嵌入件(11、45)上以在當中生成孔。
- 根據請求項1的方法,其中該嵌入件(11、45)包括螺紋(14、47)以於該生胚中生成自攻螺紋。
- 根據請求項1的方法,其中該聚合材料選自以下所構成的群組:PVB(塑化聚乙烯丁醛)、CAB(塑化醋酸丁酸纖維素)、及PBMA(聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯)型丙烯酸樹脂。
- 根據請求項1的方法,其中該硬性材料選自以下所構成的群組:氮化矽、氧化鋯、氧化鋁、陶金、金屬、及這些金屬的複合物。
- 一種裝飾性零件,其包含由維氏硬度超過1,000HV之硬性材料所製成的本體,該零件在該本體的厚度中設有封閉腔穴。
- 一種錶殼,其特徵在於它包含根據請求項9的裝飾性零件以及晶體、固持該晶體在該零件上的錶框、和關閉該錶殼的背部。
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EP3170579A1 (fr) | 2015-11-18 | 2017-05-24 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en métal amorphe |
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2020
- 2020-09-04 EP EP20194714.0A patent/EP3964895A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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2021
- 2021-08-11 TW TW110129600A patent/TWI810626B/zh active
- 2021-08-26 WO PCT/EP2021/073582 patent/WO2022048983A1/fr unknown
- 2021-08-26 US US18/006,604 patent/US20230264396A1/en active Pending
- 2021-08-26 JP JP2023503436A patent/JP7529887B2/ja active Active
- 2021-08-26 CN CN202180054352.3A patent/CN116097179A/zh active Pending
- 2021-08-26 EP EP21769111.2A patent/EP4208758A1/fr active Pending
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TW470867B (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 2002-01-01 | Rado Montres Sa | Structural component made of hard material for a wristwatch |
WO2001060581A1 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-23 | Cerabio, Llc | Injection molding with sacrificial inserts |
CN105121388A (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-12-02 | 劳力士公司 | 着色工艺陶瓷体及其获取方法 |
WO2014111786A1 (fr) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-24 | Tih Sa Technique Et Innovation Horlogère | Procede de fabrication d'un objet d'une forme choisie par injection sous pression en matiere ceramique ou refractaire |
TW202014262A (zh) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-04-16 | 瑞士商柯瑪豆股份有限公司 | 用於製造裝飾性零件的方法 |
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JP7529887B2 (ja) | 2024-08-06 |
EP4208758A1 (fr) | 2023-07-12 |
JP2023534522A (ja) | 2023-08-09 |
US20230264396A1 (en) | 2023-08-24 |
WO2022048983A1 (fr) | 2022-03-10 |
TW202212293A (zh) | 2022-04-01 |
EP3964895A1 (fr) | 2022-03-09 |
CN116097179A (zh) | 2023-05-09 |
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