TWI783320B - 透氣防水膜 - Google Patents

透氣防水膜 Download PDF

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TWI783320B
TWI783320B TW109143677A TW109143677A TWI783320B TW I783320 B TWI783320 B TW I783320B TW 109143677 A TW109143677 A TW 109143677A TW 109143677 A TW109143677 A TW 109143677A TW I783320 B TWI783320 B TW I783320B
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additive
breathable
waterproof membrane
nanofiber layer
parts
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TW109143677A
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TW202223061A (zh
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周欣穎
張浩哲
林俊宏
俊榮 王
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財團法人紡織產業綜合研究所
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Priority to TW109143677A priority Critical patent/TWI783320B/zh
Priority to US17/541,348 priority patent/US20220184918A1/en
Priority to EP21213195.7A priority patent/EP4012081A1/en
Publication of TW202223061A publication Critical patent/TW202223061A/zh
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Abstract

一種透氣防水膜，包括基材以及配置於基材上的奈米纖維層。奈米纖維層由靜電紡絲製程形成。靜電紡絲製程中所使用的電紡液包括第一添加劑、醇類以及第二添加劑。第一添加劑包括尼龍共聚物，且第二添加劑包括聚矽氮烷。

Description

透氣防水膜
本揭露內容是關於一種透氣防水膜，且特別是關於一種具有奈米纖維的透氣防水膜。
近年來，紡織技術在發展上除了外觀方面的設計需求，也將科技導入以強化衣著的機能性。透濕防水織物做為一種機能性織物，可以在穿著時釋放人體表面的水分，並且阻擋外部環境的水分進入織物內，從而廣泛地應用於戶外休閒衣物中。然而，習知透濕防水織物仍具有透氣性不佳的問題。因此，如何同時提供織物的透氣性和防水性，是機能性織物的亟需發展重點之一。
本揭露提供一種透氣防水膜，其可應用於織物上，以使織物具有空氣穿透性和防水性。
根據本揭露一實施方式，透氣防水膜包括基材以及配置於基材上的奈米纖維層。奈米纖維層由靜電紡絲製程形成，其中靜電紡絲製程中所使用的電紡液包括第一添加劑、醇類以及第二添加劑。第一添加劑包括尼龍共聚物，第二添加劑包括聚矽氮烷。
在本揭露一實施方式中，奈米纖維層的平均纖維細度可介於100奈米至500奈米間。
在本揭露一實施方式中，每體積份的電紡液可包括0.1體積份至0.2體積份的第二添加劑。
在本揭露一實施方式中，以100重量份的第一添加劑和醇類的混合物計，混合物可包括5重量份至15重量份的第一添加劑以及85重量份至95重量份的醇類。
在本揭露一實施方式中，第一添加劑對醇類的溶解度可介於5wt%至15wt%間。
在本揭露一實施方式中，尼龍共聚物可包括共聚醯胺和烷氧基改性尼龍46/66共聚物的共聚體。
在本揭露一實施方式中，第二添加劑對醇類的溶解度可介於0.5vol%至20vol%間。
在本揭露一實施方式中，聚矽氮烷可以是聚矽氮烷合成共聚樹脂。
在本揭露一實施方式中，靜電紡絲製程可以是無針式靜電紡絲製程。
在本揭露一實施方式中，基材可包括聚酯、尼龍或聚丙烯。
根據本揭露上述實施方式，本揭露的透氣防水膜包括奈米纖維層，且形成奈米纖維層的電紡液包括第一添加劑、醇類和第二添加劑，其中第一添加劑包括尼龍共聚物，第二添加劑包括聚矽氮烷。因此，本揭露的透氣防水膜具有良好的空氣穿透性和防水性，從而可應用於透氣防水織物的相關領域。
為了實現提及主題的不同特徵，以下揭露內容提供了許多不同的實施方式。以下描述組件、數值、材料、配置等等的具體示例以簡化本揭露。當然，這些僅僅是示例，而不是限制性的。例如，在以下的描述中，在第二特徵之上或上方形成第一特徵可以包括第一特徵和第二特徵以直接接觸形成的實施方式，並且還可以包括在第一特徵和第二特徵之間形成附加特徵，使得第一特徵和第二特徵可以不直接接觸的實施方式。另外，本揭露可以在各種示例中重複參考數字和/或字母。此重複是為了簡單和清楚的目的，並且本身並不表示所討論的各種實施方式和/或配置之間的關係。
此外，本文可以使用空間相對術語，諸如「在…下面」、「在…下方」、「偏低」、「在…上面」、「偏上」等，以便於描述一個元件或特徵與如圖所示的另一個元件或特徵的關係。除了圖中所示的取向之外，空間相對術語旨在包括使用或操作中的裝置的不同取向。裝置可以以其他方式定向(旋轉90度或在其他方向上)，並且同樣可以相應地解釋在此使用的空間相對描述符號。
本揭露內容提供一種透氣防水膜，其包括基材和配置於基材上的奈米纖維層。由於用於形成奈米纖維層的電紡液包括第一添加劑、醇類和第二添加劑，並且第一添加劑包括尼龍共聚物，第二添加劑包括聚矽氮烷，使得電紡液具有高可紡性，且由其所形成的奈米纖維層具有空氣穿透性和疏水性。因此，本揭露的包括奈米纖維的透氣防水膜具有良好的透氣性和防水性。
請參考第1圖，第1圖依據本揭露的一實施方式，繪示透氣防水膜100的配置示意圖。透氣防水膜100包括基材110和奈米纖維層120。基材110可做為載體，用以承載奈米纖維層120。在一些實施方式中，基材110可例如是聚酯、尼龍或聚丙烯，從而透氣防水膜100可應用於各種穿戴型服飾上(例如戶外休閒服飾)。當基材110和奈米纖維層120的基質材料(base material)相同時(例如同為尼龍時)，基材110和奈米纖維層120之間可以視為是同質介面的接合，因此具有良好的介面黏合性，並可進而提高透氣防水膜100的回收方便性。
奈米纖維層120配置於基材110上，且奈米纖維層120透過靜電紡絲製程形成，其中靜電紡絲製程例如是無針式靜電紡絲製程。具體而言，奈米纖維層120包括交錯排列的奈米纖維，並透過靜電紡絲製程將奈米纖維配置於基材110的表面上。因此，奈米纖維形成的奈米纖維層120可附著於基材110上。在一些實施方式中，奈米纖維層120的基重可介於3gsm(gram per square meter)至20gsm間，以使得透氣防水膜100具有良好的透氣性。在一些實施方式中，奈米纖維層120中的奈米纖維的平均纖維細度可介於100奈米至500奈米間。在一些實施方式中，奈米纖維層120中的85wt%至90wt%的奈米纖維的平均纖維細度可介於100奈米至500奈米間。因此，奈米纖維層120的奈米纖維可具有低且均勻的纖維細度。
奈米纖維層120可適形於基材110，以提供透氣防水膜100良好的透氣性和防水性效果。在一些實施方式中，透氣防水膜100的透氣度可介於1.0cfm(cubic feet per minute)至3.0cfm間，且其透濕度可大於10000g/m²·24hr。在一些實施方式中，透氣防水膜100的水滴接觸角可介於110°至140°間，且其耐水壓值可大於7000毫米水柱。
請參考第2圖，第2圖繪示形成第1圖中奈米纖維層120的電紡液200的組成示意圖。在本實施方式中，使用電紡液200以形成奈米纖維層120於基材110上。電紡液200包括第一添加劑210、第二添加劑220和醇類240，且第一添加劑210和第二添加劑220均勻溶於醇類240中以形成電紡液200。在一些實施方式中，電紡液200中做為溶劑的醇類240具有易揮發、低毒性和低腐蝕性，故電紡液200具有環境友善性。
第一添加劑210包括尼龍共聚物230，其中尼龍共聚物230可用於形成奈米纖維層120中的基質材料。詳細而言，第一添加劑210中的尼龍共聚物230可做為奈米纖維層120中的奈米纖維的基質材料。由於尼龍共聚物230具有高耐磨性，因此尼龍共聚物230所形成的奈米纖維層120可具有良好的耐磨能力，從而透氣防水膜100可適用於戶外機能服飾。
在一些實施方式中，第一添加劑210中的尼龍共聚物230可包括共聚醯胺和烷氧基改性尼龍46/66共聚物的共聚體，從而使第一添加劑210可溶於醇類240中，以使得電紡液200具有好的可紡性。舉例而言，第一添加劑210對醇類240的溶解度可介於5wt%至15wt%間，從而可使用電紡液200通過靜電紡絲製程製得具有極細纖維細度的奈米纖維。
第二添加劑220包括聚矽氮烷250，其可用於對奈米纖維進行疏水改質，使得奈米纖維層120具有良好的防水性。詳細而言，第二添加劑220的聚矽氮烷250具有疏水性，因此第二添加劑220可對奈米纖維層120中的奈米纖維進行疏水改質，使得奈米纖維層120具有防水性。
在一些實施方式中，聚矽氮烷250可例如是聚矽氮烷合成共聚樹脂，其可溶解於醇類240中，以使得電紡液200具有好的可紡性。舉例來說，當聚矽氮烷250例如是聚矽氮烷合成共聚樹脂時，第二添加劑220對醇類240的溶解度可介於0.5vol%至20vol%間，從而可使用電紡液200通過靜電紡絲製程製得具有極細纖維細度的奈米纖維。
在一些實施方式中，可先將5重量份至15重量份的第一添加劑210和85重量份至95重量份的醇類240形成混合物。然後，將適量的混合物和0.1體積份至0.2體積份的第二添加劑220混合，以形成電紡液200。具體而言，每體積份的電紡液200可包括0.1體積份至0.2體積份的第二添加劑220，且以100重量份的第一添加劑210及醇類240的混合物計，混合物可包括5重量份至15重量份的第一添加劑210以及85重量份至95重量份的醇類240。由於電紡液200包括適當比例的第一添加劑210和第二添加劑220溶於醇類240中，因此電紡液200具有好的可紡性，從而使得奈米纖維層120兼具透氣性和防水性。
在以下敘述中，將列舉本揭露多個實施例和比較例來進行各種分析以驗證本揭露的功效。首先，使用如表一所示的成分及含量製備各比較例及各實施例的電紡液，再透過相同的靜電紡絲製程在聚酯基材上形成相同膜厚的奈米纖維層，從而得到各比較例的尼龍膜及各實施例的透氣防水膜，其中混合物、第一添加劑、第二添加劑及醇類的種類和性質如先前內容所述。
表一
用於形成混合物的醇類 用於形成混合物的第一添加劑 混合物 第二添加劑
比較例1 90 10 10 0
比較例2 88 12 10 0
實施例1 90 10 9 1
實施例2 90 10 8 2
實施例3 88 12 8 2
註1：混合物、第二添加劑的單位為體積份 註2：醇類、第一添加劑的單位為重量份且以100重量份的混合物計
透過座滴法(sessile drop)和淨水壓法(water penetration resistance)對比較例1和2的尼龍膜及實施例1至3的透氣防水膜進行水滴接觸角和耐水壓值的測量，測量結果如表二所示。
另外，透過正杯法和壓差法(differential pressure method)對比較例1和2的尼龍膜及實施例1至3的透氣防水膜進行透濕度和透氣度的測量，測量結果如表二所示。
表二
平均纖維細度 (奈米) 水滴接觸角 (°) 耐水壓值 (毫米水柱) 透濕度 (g/m²·24hr) 透氣度 (cfm)
比較例1 183 0 無防水效果 N/A 1.7
比較例2 255 0 無防水效果 N/A 1.64
實施例1 275 120 ＞1336 N/A 1.75
實施例2 290 129 ＞7349 ＞10000 1.67
實施例3 295 132 ＞7783 ＞10000 1.32
如表二所示，由於用於形成比較例1和2的尼龍膜的電紡液不包括第二添加劑，故比較例1和2的尼龍膜不具有防水效果。反之，實施例1至3的透氣防水膜具有明顯較高的水滴接觸角及耐水壓值，故可顯示上述第二添加劑可提供透氣防水膜良好的防水性。另外，實施例1至3的透氣防水膜的透氣度皆高於1.0cfm，顯示其具有非常良好的透氣性，因此能達到工業需求並可適用在各種機能性服飾上。
根據本揭露上述實施方式，本揭露的透氣防水膜包括基材和由靜電紡絲製程製備的奈米纖維層。由於用於形成奈米纖維層的電紡液包括適量的第一添加劑、醇類和第二添加劑，且第一添加劑包括尼龍共聚物，第二添加劑包括聚矽氮烷，因此本揭露的透氣防水膜可兼具良好的防水性和透氣性。
前面概述一些實施方式的特徵，使得本領域技術人員可更好地理解本揭露的觀點。本領域技術人員應該理解，他們可以容易地使用本揭露作為設計或修改其他製程和結構的基礎，以實現相同的目的和/或實現與本文介紹之實施方式相同的優點。本領域技術人員還應該理解，這樣的等同構造不脫離本揭露的精神和範圍，並且在不脫離本揭露的精神和範圍的情況下，可以進行各種改變、替換和變更。
100:透氣防水膜 110:基材 120:奈米纖維層 200:電紡液 210:第一添加劑 220:第二添加劑 230:尼龍共聚物 240:醇類 250:聚矽氮烷
當結合附圖閱讀時，從以下詳細描述中可以最好地理解本揭露的各方面。應注意，根據工業中的標準方法，各種特徵未按比例繪製。實際上，為了清楚地討論，可任意增加或減少各種特徵的尺寸。 第1圖依據本揭露的一實施方式繪示透氣防水膜的配置示意圖。 第2圖繪示形成第1圖中透氣防水膜的奈米纖維層的電紡液組成示意圖。
國內寄存資訊(請依寄存機構、日期、號碼順序註記) 無 國外寄存資訊(請依寄存國家、機構、日期、號碼順序註記) 無
100:透氣防水膜 110:基材 120:奈米纖維層

Claims (10)

  1. 一種透氣防水膜，包括：基材；以及奈米纖維層，配置於所述基材上，所述奈米纖維層由靜電紡絲製程形成，其中所述靜電紡絲製程中所使用的電紡液包括：第一添加劑，所述第一添加劑包括尼龍共聚物；第二添加劑，所述第二添加劑包括聚矽氮烷；以及醇類，所述第一添加劑和所述第二添加劑均勻溶於所述醇類中以形成所述電紡液。
  2. 如請求項1所述的透氣防水膜，其中所述奈米纖維層的平均纖維細度介於100奈米至500奈米間。
  3. 如請求項1所述的透氣防水膜，其中每體積份的所述電紡液包括0.1體積份至0.2體積份的所述第二添加劑。
  4. 如請求項1所述的透氣防水膜，其中以100重量份的所述第一添加劑和所述醇類的混合物計，所述混合物包括5重量份至15重量份的所述第一添加劑以及85重量份至95重量份的所述醇類。
  5. 如請求項1所述的透氣防水膜，其中所述第 一添加劑對所述醇類的溶解度為介於5wt%至15wt%間。
  6. 如請求項1所述的透氣防水膜，其中所述尼龍共聚物包括共聚醯胺和烷氧基改性尼龍46/66共聚物的共聚體。
  7. 如請求項1所述的透氣防水膜，其中所述第二添加劑對所述醇類的溶解度為介於0.5vol%至20vol%間。
  8. 如請求項1所述的透氣防水膜，其中所述聚矽氮烷是聚矽氮烷合成共聚樹脂。
  9. 如請求項1所述的透氣防水膜，其中所述靜電紡絲製程是無針式靜電紡絲製程。
  10. 如請求項1所述的透氣防水膜，其中所述基材包括聚酯、尼龍或聚丙烯。
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