TWI761679B - 附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜、及內置型液晶面板用附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜 - Google Patents
附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜、及內置型液晶面板用附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI761679B TWI761679B TW108118245A TW108118245A TWI761679B TW I761679 B TWI761679 B TW I761679B TW 108118245 A TW108118245 A TW 108118245A TW 108118245 A TW108118245 A TW 108118245A TW I761679 B TWI761679 B TW I761679B
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Abstract
本發明課題在於提供一種內置型液晶面板及使用有前述內置型液晶面板的液晶顯示裝置,該內置型液晶面板具有內置型液晶單元及應用在內置型液晶單元之視辨側的附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜,且該內置型液晶面板既可滿足穩定的抗靜電機能及觸控感測器敏感度,加熱耐久性亦佳。
解決手段為本發明之內置型液晶面板,其特徵在於:其具有內置型液晶單元、配置在前述內置型液晶單元之視辨側的第1偏光薄膜與配置在視辨側之相反側的第2偏光薄膜、及配置在前述第1偏光薄膜與前述內置型液晶單元之間的第1黏著劑層,前述內置型液晶單元具有:液晶層,含有在電場不存在之狀態下呈平行配向的液晶分子;從前述液晶層之兩面夾持前述液晶層之第1透明基板及第2透明基板;以及位在前述第1透明基板與第2透明基板之間之觸控感測器及觸控驅動機能相關的觸控感測電極部;在前述內置型液晶面板中,前述第1偏光薄膜至少含有偏光件及透明保護薄膜,且自視辨側起至少依序具有前述第1偏光薄膜、錨定層、前述第1黏著劑層;前述錨定層含有導電聚合物,且前述錨定層之表面電阻值為1.0×108~1.0×1011Ω/□;前述透明保護薄膜在40℃×92%RH下之透濕度為10g/(m2.24h)以上。
Description
本發明涉及一種附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜、內置型液晶面板用附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜、於液晶單元內部安裝有觸控感測機能之內置型液晶單元及於前述內置型液晶單元之視辨側具有附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜的內置型液晶面板。此外,本發明涉及一種使用有前述液晶面板之液晶顯示裝置。使用有本發明之內置型液晶面板的附觸控感測機能之液晶顯示裝置可作為行動機器等各種輸入顯示裝置使用。
發明背景
液晶顯示裝置一般是從其影像形成方式,於液晶單元兩側隔著黏著劑層而貼合有偏光薄膜。另外,於液晶顯示裝置之顯示畫面搭載觸控面板之產品業已實用化。就觸控面板而言,有電容式、阻抗膜式、光學式、超音波式或電磁感應式等各種格式,近期多採用電容式。近年多使用內嵌有電容感測器作為觸控感測器部的附觸控感測機能之液晶顯示裝置。
另一方面,於製造液晶顯示裝置時,在將前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜黏貼到液晶元件時,係將脫模薄膜
從附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜的黏著劑層剝離,但會因前述脫模薄膜的剝離而產生靜電。另,在剝離貼附於液晶單元之偏光薄膜的表面保護薄膜時抑或剝離覆蓋窗的表面保護薄膜時,也會產生靜電。因而產生的靜電會影響液晶顯示裝置內部的液晶層配向,招致不良後果。所以,例如藉由在偏光薄膜外面形成抗靜電層,可抑制靜電的產生。
另一方面,附觸控感測機能之液晶顯示裝置的電容感測器係用以檢測使用者手指接近其表面時,透明電極圖案與手指所形成之微弱的電容量。如果於上述透明電極圖案與使用者手指之間具有如抗靜電層之導電層,驅動電極與感測器電極之間的電場便會紊亂,造成感測器電極容量不穩定,降低觸控面板敏感度而成為故障之原因。就附觸控感測機能之液晶顯示裝置來說,必須抑制產生靜電以及電容感測器之故障。例如針對前述課題,有文獻提議在附觸控感測機能之液晶顯示裝置中,於液晶層之視辨側配置偏光薄膜以減低顯示不良或故障的發生,該偏光薄膜具有表面電阻值為1.0×109~1.0×1011Ω/□之抗靜電層(專利文獻1)。
先前技術文獻
專利文獻
專利文獻1:日本特開2013-105154號公報
發明概要
藉由專利文獻1中記載之具有抗靜電層的偏光薄膜,可某程度抑制靜電產生。但在專利文獻1中,抗靜電層的配置場所離藉靜電引發顯示不良的液晶單元位置較離,所以效果比不上對與液晶單元相接之黏著劑層賦予抗靜電機能。又,已知內置型液晶單元比所謂的上置型液晶單元更容易帶電,該上置型液晶單元即專利文獻1中所載於液晶單元之透明基板上具有感測器電極。
此外,已賦有抗靜電機能的黏著劑層比設置於前述偏光薄膜上之抗靜電層更能抑制靜電產生,可有效防止靜電不均。但也清楚一旦因為重視黏著劑層之抗靜電機能而提高黏著劑層之導電機能,會減弱觸控感測器敏感度。尤其,已知在使用有內置型液晶元件的附觸控感測機能之液晶顯示裝置中,觸控感測器敏感度會降低。也已發現,用以提高導電機能而摻合於黏著劑層中的抗靜電劑在加濕環境下(加濕可靠性試驗後)會偏析於與偏光薄膜之界面或移動到偏光薄膜中,結果黏著劑層的表面電阻值變大,明顯降低抗靜電機能。進而得知這種黏著劑層之表面電阻值的變動係附觸控感測機能之液晶顯示裝置產生靜電不均及故障的主要原因。
又,液晶顯示裝置等從其影像形成方式來看,在液晶單元的兩側配置偏光件乃必要不可或缺,且一般是貼附有偏光薄膜。前述偏光薄膜可使用在偏光件單側或兩側具有透明保護薄膜之物。前述透明保護薄膜譬如係採用使用三醋酸纖維素等的纖維素系樹脂薄膜。又,作為前述
偏光件,因具有高穿透率、高偏光度,故碘系偏光件常廣為使用,其係令例如聚乙烯醇吸附碘並延伸而成之結構。但,這類的偏光件有因水分等而收縮、膨脹的傾向。於這類的偏光件使用像前述纖維素系樹脂薄膜等高透濕度之透明保護薄膜的偏光薄膜,在加濕環境下等之耐久性會降低,而有偏光度容易降低之問題。
爰此,本發明目的在於提供一種附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜、內置型液晶單元及應用在內置型液晶單元之視辨側的內置型液晶面板用附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜、具有前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜的內置型液晶面板,前述內置型液晶面板在加濕環境下(加濕可靠性試驗後)仍可滿足穩定的抗靜電機能及觸控感測器敏感度,加熱耐久性亦佳。又,本發明目的在於提供一種使用有前述內置型液晶面板之液晶顯示裝置。
本發明人等為了解決前述課題而反覆精闢研討的結果發現,藉由下述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜、內置型液晶面板用附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜及內置型液晶面板可解決上述課題,而至完成本發明。
即,本發明之附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜為具有黏著劑層及偏光薄膜者,其特徵在於:前述偏光薄膜至少含有偏光件及透明保護薄膜,且自視辨側起至少依序具有前述偏光薄膜、錨定層、前述黏著劑層;
前述錨定層含有導電聚合物,且前述錨定層之表面電阻值為1.0×108~1.0×1011Ω/□;前述透明保護薄膜在40℃×92%RH下之透濕度為10g/(m2.24h)以上。
本發明之附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜以在製造出前述黏著劑層上設有分離件之狀態的附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜後,黏著劑層側之在立刻將前述分離件剝離後的表面電阻值為1.0×108~2.0×1012Ω/□為宜。
本發明之附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜以前述黏著劑層含有抗靜電劑且表面電阻值為1.0×108~5.0×1011Ω/□為佳。
又,本發明之內置型液晶面板用附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜的特徵在於:其係用於具有內置型液晶單元之內置型液晶面板的附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜,該內置型液晶單元具有:液晶層,含有在電場不存在之狀態下呈平行配向的液晶分子;從前述液晶層之兩面夾持前述液晶層之第1透明基板及第2透明基板;以及位在前述第1透明基板與第2透明基板之間之觸控感測器及觸控驅動機能相關的觸控感測電極部;前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜配置在前述內置型液晶單元之視辨側,且前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜的黏著劑層配置在前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜的偏光薄膜與前述內置型液晶單元之間;
前述偏光薄膜至少含有偏光件及透明保護薄膜,且自視辨側起至少依序具有前述偏光薄膜、錨定層、前述黏著劑層;前述錨定層含有導電聚合物,且前述錨定層之表面電阻值為1.0×108~1.0×1011Ω/□;前述透明保護薄膜在40℃×92%RH下之透濕度為10g/(m2.24h)以上。
本發明之內置型液晶面板用附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜以在製作出前述黏著劑層上設有分離件之狀態的附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜後,黏著劑層側之在立刻將前述分離件剝離後的表面電阻值為1.0×108~2.0×1012Ω/□為宜。
本發明之內置型液晶面板用附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜以前述黏著劑層含有抗靜電劑且表面電阻值為1.0×108~5.0×1011Ω/□為佳。
又,本發明之內置型液晶面板的特徵在於:其具有內置型液晶單元、配置在前述內置型液晶單元之視辨側的第1偏光薄膜與配置在視辨側之相反側的第2偏光薄膜、及配置在前述第1偏光薄膜與前述內置型液晶單元之間的第1黏著劑層,前述內置型液晶單元具有:液晶層,含有在電場不存在之狀態下呈平行配向的液晶分子;從前述液晶層之兩面夾持前述液晶層之第1透明基板及第2透明基板;以及位在前述第1透明基板與第2透明基板之間之觸控感測器及觸控驅動機能相關的觸控感測電極部;在前述內置型液晶面板中,前述第1偏光薄膜至少含
有偏光件及透明保護薄膜,且自視辨側起至少依序具有前述第1偏光薄膜、錨定層、前述第1黏著劑層;前述錨定層含有導電聚合物,且前述錨定層之表面電阻值為1.0×108~1.0×1011Ω/□;前述透明保護薄膜在40℃×92%RH下之透濕度為10g/(m2.24h)以上。
本發明之內置型液晶面板以在製作出前述第1黏著劑層上設有分離件之狀態的附黏著劑層之第1偏光薄膜後,第1黏著劑層側之在立刻將前述分離件剝離後的表面電阻值為1.0×108~2.0×1012Ω/□為宜。
本發明之內置型液晶面板以前述第1黏著劑層含有抗靜電劑且表面電阻值為1.0×108~5.0×1011Ω/□為佳。
又,本發明之液晶顯示裝置宜具有前述內置型液晶面板。
位在本發明之內置型液晶面板之視辨側的附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜於錨定層含有導電性聚合物並將錨定層之表面電阻值控制在預定範圍內,且構成偏光薄膜的透明保護薄膜具有特定範圍的透濕度,因此加熱耐久性佳,即使在加濕環境下(加濕試驗後)仍具有穩定且良好的抗靜電機能,同時可滿足觸控感測器敏感度。
1:第1偏光薄膜
2:第1黏著劑層
3:錨定層
4:表面處理層
11:第2偏光薄膜
12:第2黏著劑層
20:液晶層
31:觸控感測器電極
32:觸控驅動電極
33:觸控驅動電極兼感測器電極
41:第1透明基板
42:第2透明基板
50、51:導通結構
A:附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜
B:內置型液晶單元
C:內置型液晶面板
圖1係顯示用在本發明之內置型液晶面板之視辨側的附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜一例的截面圖。
圖2係顯示本發明之內置型液晶面板一例的截面圖。
圖3係顯示本發明之內置型液晶面板一例的截面圖。
圖4係顯示本發明之內置型液晶面板一例的截面圖。
圖5係顯示本發明之內置型液晶面板一例的截面圖。
圖6係顯示本發明之內置型液晶面板一例的截面圖。
用以實施發明之形態
<附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜>
以下參照圖式說明本發明。如圖1所示,用在本發明之內置型液晶面板之視辨側的附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜A依序具有第1偏光薄膜1、錨定層3、第1黏著劑層2。又,在前述第1偏光薄膜1之未設有錨定層3之側可具有表面處理層4。圖1中係列舉本發明之附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜A具有表面處理層4之態樣。可藉由前述黏著劑層2,配置在如圖2所示之內置型液晶單元B之視辨側的透明基板41側。另,圖1中雖未記載,不過在本發明之附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜A的第1黏著劑層2可設置分離件,在第1偏光薄膜1則可設置表面保護薄膜。
<第1偏光薄膜>
本發明之內置型液晶面板中使用的前述第1偏光薄膜的特徵在於:其至少含有偏光件及透明保護薄膜,且自視辨側起至少依序具有前述第1偏光薄膜、錨定層、前述第1
黏著劑層。另,於前述第1黏著劑層上有直接積層有前述偏光件之情況,也有隔著前述透明保護薄膜而積層之情況。此外,一般係使用於前述偏光件之單面或兩面具有前述透明保護薄膜之物,若為單面,則亦包含前述透明保護薄膜位在比前述偏光件更靠視辨側之情況及不在視辨側之情況。
偏光件並無特別限定,可使用各種物質。作為偏光件,可舉如使聚乙烯醇系薄膜、部分縮甲醛化聚乙烯醇系薄膜、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物系部分皂化薄膜等親水性高分子薄膜吸附碘或二色性染料之二色性物質並加以單軸延伸者,以及聚乙烯醇之脫水處理物或聚氯乙烯之脫鹽酸處理物等聚烯系配向薄膜等。該等之中以由聚乙烯醇系薄膜和碘等的二色性物質構成之偏光件較適宜。該等偏光件之厚度雖無特別限制,但一般在80μm左右以下。
又,偏光件可使用厚度10μm以下的薄型偏光件。從薄型化觀點來說,前述厚度宜為1~7μm。這種薄型偏光件,厚度參差較少、視辨性優異且尺寸變化較少,故耐久性優異,而且作成偏光薄膜的厚度亦能力求薄型化,就此等觀點來看係為優選。
本發明之內置型液晶面板中使用的前述透明保護薄膜之特徵在於,其在40℃×92%RH下之透濕度為10g/(m2.24h)以上。又,前述透濕度宜為20g/(m2.24h)以上,且800g/(m2.24h)以上較佳;前述透濕度宜為1500g/(m2.24h)以下,且1200g/(m2.24h)以下較佳。前述
透濕度小於10g/(m2.24h)時,在加熱環境下之耐久性會不夠充分,恐發生黏著劑層發泡或剝離等,故不適宜。另一方面,前述透濕度超過1500g/(m2.24h)時,在加濕環境下的耐久性也會不夠充分,進而無法充分抑制偏光度降低的情況。
構成本發明之內置型液晶面板中使用之前述透明保護薄膜的材料只要具有前述透濕度即無特別限制,譬如可使用透明性、機械強度、熱穩定性、水分隔絕性、等向性等優異的熱可塑性樹脂。這種熱可塑性樹脂的具體例可列舉例如三醋酸纖維素等之纖維素樹脂、聚酯樹脂、聚醚碸樹脂、聚碸樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚烯烴樹脂、(甲基)丙烯酸樹脂、環狀聚烯烴樹脂(降莰烯系樹脂)、聚芳酯樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚乙烯醇樹脂及該等之混合物。此外,在偏光件的單側,透明保護薄膜是藉由接著劑層而貼合,而在另一單側,透明保護薄膜可使用(甲基)丙烯酸系、胺甲酸乙酯系、丙烯酸胺甲酸乙酯系、環氧系、聚矽氧系等熱硬化性樹脂或紫外線硬化型樹脂。透明保護薄膜中亦可含有1種以上的任意適當添加劑。添加劑可舉如紫外線吸收劑、抗氧化劑、滑劑、可塑劑、脫模劑、著色防止劑、阻燃劑、核劑、抗靜電劑、顏料、著色劑等。透明保護薄膜中,上述熱可塑性樹脂使用量宜為50~100重量%,較宜為50~99重量%,更宜為60~98重量%,特宜為70~97重量%。透明保護薄膜中,上述熱可塑性樹脂含量在50重量%以下時,熱可塑性
樹脂恐有無法充分展現其原本具有的高透明性等之虞。
前述透明保護薄膜之厚度可適當決定,一般而言從強度與操作性等之作業性、薄層性等之觀點來看,約為1~200μm左右。特別宜為1~100μm,5~100μm較佳,又以5~80μm之薄型更為適宜。
用於前述偏光件與透明保護薄膜的貼合之接著劑只要在光學上是透明的,則可無特別限制地使用水系、溶劑系、熱溶膠系、自由基硬化型、陽離子硬化型之各種形態的接著劑,但水系接著劑或自由基硬化型接著劑較適宜。
<第1黏著劑層>
構成本發明之內置型液晶面板的前述第1黏著劑層(單體)可含有抗靜電劑,且第1黏著劑層(單體)之表面電阻值宜為1.0×108~5.0×1011Ω/□,2.0×108~4.0×1011Ω/□較佳,4.0×108~3.0×1011Ω/□更佳。若為前述範圍內,從抗靜電機能及觸控感測器敏感度的觀點來看為理想態樣。
從確保耐久性及確保與側面導通結構之接觸面積的觀點來看,前述第1黏著劑層之厚度宜為5~100μm,5~50μm較佳,10~35μm更佳。針對與導通結構之接觸面積,在內置型液晶面板中於前述偏光薄膜之側面設置導通結構時,藉由將前述第1黏著劑層之厚度控制在前述範圍內,可確保與導通結構之接觸面積,抗靜電機能良好,故為優異。
形成第1黏著劑層之黏著劑方面可使用各種黏
著劑,可舉例如橡膠系黏著劑、丙烯酸系黏著劑、聚矽氧系黏著劑、胺甲酸酯系黏著劑、乙烯基烷基醚系黏著劑、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮系黏著劑、聚丙烯醯胺系黏著劑、纖維素系黏著劑等。可因應前述黏著劑的種類來選擇黏著性的基底聚合物。前述黏著劑中,就光學透明性佳、展現適當濕潤性、凝聚性及接著性之黏著特性且耐候性及耐熱性等優異此點來看,宜使用丙烯酸系黏著劑。
前述丙烯酸系黏著劑含有(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物作為基底聚合物。(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物通常含有(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯為主成分作為單體單元。另,(甲基)丙烯酸酯係指丙烯酸酯及/或甲基丙烯酸酯,本發明之(甲基)亦為同樣意義。
作為構成(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物之主骨架的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,可例示如直鏈狀或支鏈狀之烷基碳數為1~18者。該等可單獨使用或可組合使用。該等烷基的平均碳數宜為3~9。
又,從黏著特性、耐久性、調整相位差、調整折射率等觀點來看,可用如(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯等含有芳香族環之(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯作為共聚單體。
又,在可抑制歷時(特別在加濕環境下)的表面電阻值上升或滿足耐久性來看,宜使用含極性官能基單體作為共聚單體。含極性官能基單體係在其結構中含有羧基、羥基、含氮基、烷氧基中之任一者作為極性官能基,
且含有(甲基)丙烯醯基、乙烯基等聚合性不飽和雙鍵的化合物。
尤其,含極性官能基單體中,在可抑制歷時(特別在加濕環境下)的表面電阻值上升或滿足耐久性來看,又以含羥基單體為宜。另,該等可單獨使用或可組合使用。
含羧基單體的具體例可列舉例如(甲基)丙烯酸、羧乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羧戊基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、伊康酸、馬來酸、延胡索酸、巴豆酸等。
前述含羧基單體之中,從共聚性、價格及黏著特性的觀點來看較理想的是丙烯酸。
作為含羥基單體的具體例,可列舉例如(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羥丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羥丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸6-羥己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸8-羥辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸10-羥癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸12-羥月桂酯等之(甲基)丙烯酸羥基烷基酯或(4-羥甲基環己基)-甲基丙烯酸酯等。
前述含羥基單體之中,從表面電阻值之歷時穩定性及耐久性兼具的觀點來看,以(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羥丁酯為宜,且(甲基)丙烯酸4-羥丁酯尤佳。
含有含氮基之單體的具體例可舉如N-乙烯基-2-吡咯啶酮、N-乙烯基己內醯胺、N-丙烯醯基嗎福林等具有乙烯基之含氮雜環式化合物;N,N-二甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二乙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二丙基丙烯醯胺、N,N-二異丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二丁基(甲基)丙
烯醯胺、N-乙基-N-甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-甲基-N-丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-甲基-N-異丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺等二烷基取代(甲基)丙烯醯胺;N,N-二甲基胺基甲基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N,N-二甲基胺基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N,N-二甲基胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N,N-二甲基胺基異丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N,N-二甲基胺基丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N-乙基-N-甲基胺基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N-甲基-N-丙基胺基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N-甲基-N-異丙基胺基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N,N-二丁基胺基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯等二烷基胺基(甲基)丙烯酸酯;N,N-二甲基胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二乙基胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二丙基胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二異丙基胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-乙基-N-甲基胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-甲基-N-丙基胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-甲基-N-異丙基胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺等N,N-二烷基取代胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺等。
含有含氮基之單體在滿足耐久性上較為理想,且含有含氮基之單體之中,又以具有乙烯基之含氮雜環式化合物中的含N-乙烯基內醯胺系單體尤佳。
含烷氧基單體可舉如2-甲氧基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-乙氧基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-丙氧基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-異丙氧基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-丁氧基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-甲氧基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-乙氧基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-丙氧基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸
酯、2-異丙氧基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-丁氧基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、3-甲氧基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、3-乙氧基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、3-丙氧基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、3-異丙氧基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、3-丁氧基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、4-甲氧基丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、4-乙氧基丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、4-丙氧基丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、4-異丙氧基丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、4-丁氧基丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
該等含烷氧基單體具有(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯中之烷基原子已被烷氧基取代的結構。
此外,上述以外之可共聚之單體(共聚單體)可舉如含有矽原子的矽烷系單體等。作為矽烷系單體,可列舉例如3-丙烯醯氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、4-乙烯基丁基三甲氧基矽烷、4-乙烯基丁基三乙氧基矽烷、8-乙烯基辛基三甲氧基矽烷、8-乙烯基辛基三乙氧基矽烷、10-甲基丙烯醯氧基癸基三甲氧基矽烷、10-丙烯醯氧基癸基三甲氧基矽烷、10-甲基丙烯醯氧基癸基三乙氧基矽烷、10-丙烯醯氧基癸基三乙氧基矽烷等。
又,作為共聚單體,也可使用三丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、雙酚A二環氧丙基醚二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六(甲基)
丙烯酸酯、己內酯改質二新戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯等(甲基)丙烯酸與多元醇之酯化物等的具有2個以上(甲基)丙烯醯基、乙烯基等不飽和雙鍵之多官能性單體,或在聚酯、環氧、胺甲酸乙酯等的骨架上附加2個以上(甲基)丙烯醯基、乙烯基等之不飽和雙鍵作為與單體成分相同的官能基的聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯、胺甲酸乙酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
又,於前述(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物中,亦可藉由共聚導入含脂環式結構單體,藉以改善耐久性及賦予應力緩和性。含脂環式結構單體中之脂環式結構的碳環可為飽和結構,亦可於局部具有不飽和鍵。另,脂環式結構可為單環脂環式結構,亦可為二環、三環等多環脂環式結構。含脂環式結構單體可舉如(甲基)丙烯酸環己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二環戊烷酯、(甲基)丙烯酸金剛烷酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異莰酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二環戊烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二環戊烯基氧基乙酯等,其中又以能發揮較佳的耐久性之(甲基)丙烯酸二環戊烷酯、(甲基)丙烯酸金剛烷酯或(甲基)丙烯酸異莰酯為宜,(甲基)丙烯酸異莰酯尤佳。
前述(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物在總構成單體的重量比率中係以(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯為主成分,其比率宜為60~99重量%,且65~90重量%較佳,70~85重量%更佳。藉由使用(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯作為主成分,而有良好的黏著特性,故為適宜。
前述(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物在總構成單體的
重量比率中,前述共聚單體之總構成單體中的重量比率宜為1~40重量%,且10~35重量%較佳,15~30重量%更佳。
該等共聚單體之中,從接著性、耐久性的觀點來看,又適宜使用含羥基單體、含羧基單體。又,含羥基單體及含羧基單體可併用。這些共聚單體在黏著劑組成物含有交聯劑時會成為其與交聯劑的反應點。含羥基單體、含羧基單體等與分子間交聯劑富有反應性,因此適合用來提高所得黏著劑層的凝聚性及耐熱性。於再加工性的觀點下以含羥基單體為宜,而在兼顧耐久性與再加工性的觀點下則以含羧基單體為宜。
含有含羥基單體作為前述共聚單體時,其比率以0.01~10重量%為佳,0.02~5重量%較佳,0.05~3重量%尤佳。又,含有含羧基單體作為前述共聚單體時,其比率以0.01~5重量%為佳,0.05~3重量%較佳,0.1~2重量%尤佳。
本發明之(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物通常重量平均分子量宜為100萬~250萬。若考慮耐久性尤其是耐熱性,重量平均分子量宜為120萬~200萬。以耐熱性觀點來看,重量平均分子量如果在100萬以上為宜。又,重量平均分子量若大於250萬,有黏著劑容易變硬的傾向,容易發生剝離。另,顯示分子量分布之重量平均分子量(Mw)/數量平均分子量(Mn)宜為1.8~10,較宜為1.8~7,更宜為1.8~5。以耐久性觀點來看,分子量分布(Mw/Mn)不宜超過10。此外,重量平均分子量、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)是依
照GPC(凝膠滲透層析法)來測定,從利用聚苯乙烯換算所算出之值來求取。
所述(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物的製造,可適當選擇溶液聚合、塊狀聚合、乳化聚合、各種自由基聚合等公知的製造方法。又,所獲得的(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物也可以是無規共聚物、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物等之任一種。
<抗靜電劑>
構成本發明之內置型液晶面板的前述第1黏著劑層宜含有抗靜電劑。又,從抗靜電機能的觀點來看,前述抗靜電劑宜為含有含氟陰離子之離子性化合物。前述離子性化合物係因為與基底聚合物之相溶性、黏著劑層之透明性的觀點而適宜。另,前述離子性化合物可適當使用無機陽離子陰離子鹽及/或有機陽離子陰離子鹽。另,本發明中所謂的「無機陽離子陰離子鹽」一般係表示由鹼金屬陽離子及陰離子形成之鹼金屬鹽,鹼金屬鹽可使用鹼金屬的有機鹽及無機鹽。又,本發明中所謂的「有機陽離子陰離子鹽」係指:為有機鹽且其陽離子部分係由有機物所構成之物,陰離子部分可為有機物亦可為無機物。「有機陽離子陰離子鹽」亦稱為離子性液體、離子性固體。
又,比起有機陽離子陰離子鹽,在採用含有無機陽離子之離子性化合物(無機陽離子陰離子鹽)的情況下,可抑制錨定層與黏著劑層間之密著性(投錨力)的降低,較為適宜。
<鹼金屬鹽>
構成鹼金屬鹽之陽離子部分的鹼金屬離子可列舉如鋰、鈉、鉀之各離子。該等鹼金屬離子之中以鋰離子為佳。
鹼金屬鹽之陰離子部分可以有機物構成,亦可以無機物構成。構成有機鹽之陰離子部分譬如可使用CH3COO-、CF3COO-、CH3SO3 -、CF3SO3 -、(CF3SO2)3C-、C4F9SO3 -、C3F7COO-、(CF3SO2)(CF3CO)N-、-O3S(CF2)3SO3 -、PF6 -、CO3 2-或下述通式(1)至(4)及(FSO2)2N-所示之物等;(1):(CnF2n+1SO2)2N-(惟,n為1~10之整數)、(2):CF2(CmF2mSO2)2N-(惟,m為1~10之整數)、(3):-O3S(CF2)lSO3 -(惟,l為1~10之整數)、(4):(CpF2p+1SO2)N-(CqF2q+1SO2)(惟,p、q為1~10之整數)。特別是含氟原子之陰離子部分因可獲得離子解離性良好的離子化合物故適於使用。構成無機鹽之陰離子部分可使用Cl-、Br-、I-、AlCl4 -、Al2Cl7 -、BF4 -、PF6 -、ClO4 -、NO3 -、AsF6 -、SbF6 -、NbF6 -、TaF6 -、(CN)2N-等。含氟原子之陰離子中又以含氟醯亞胺陰離子為佳,其中又以雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺陰離子、雙(氟磺醯基)醯亞胺陰離子為宜。尤其,雙(氟磺醯基)醯亞胺陰離子以較少量的添加即可賦予優異的抗靜電性,維持黏著特性,有利於加濕或加熱環境下的耐久性,故為適宜。
鹼金屬之有機鹽具體上可列舉乙酸鈉、褐藻酸鈉、木質磺酸鈉、甲苯磺酸鈉、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、Li(C4F9SO2)2N、
Li(CF3SO2)3C、KO3S(CF2)3SO3K、LiO3S(CF2)3SO3K等,該等中又以LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、Li(C4F9SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)3C等為佳,Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、Li(C4F9SO2)2N、Li(FSO2)2N等含氟鋰醯亞胺鹽較佳,且雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺鋰鹽、雙(氟磺醯基)醯亞胺鋰鹽尤佳。
此外,鹼金屬無機鹽可列舉如過氯酸鋰、碘化鋰。
<有機陽離子陰離子鹽>
本發明所用之有機陽離子陰離子鹽係由陽離子成分與陰離子成分構成,且前述陽離子成分係由有機物所構成。作為陽離子成分,具體而言可舉如吡啶陽離子、哌啶陽離子、吡咯啶陽離子、具二氫吡咯骨架的陽離子、具吡咯骨架的陽離子、咪唑陽離子、四氫嘧啶陽離子、二氫嘧啶陽離子、吡唑陽離子、吡唑啉陽離子、四烷基銨陽離子、三烷基鋶陽離子、四烷基鏻陽離子等。
陰離子成分則可使用譬如Cl-、Br-、I-、AlCl4 -、Al2Cl7 -、BF4 -、PF6 -、ClO4 -、NO3 -、CH3COO-、CF3COO-、CH3SO3 -、CF3SO3 -、(CF3SO2)3C-、AsF6 -、SbF6 -、NbF6 -、TaF6 -、(CN)2N-、C4F9SO3 -、C3F7COO-、((CF3SO2)(CF3CO)N-、-O3S(CF2)3SO3 -或下述通式(1)至(4)及(FSO2)2N-所示之物等。
(1):(CnF2n+1SO2)2N-(惟,n為1~10之整數)、(2):CF2(CmF2mSO2)2N-(惟,m為1~10之整數)、
(3):-O3S(CF2)lSO3 -(惟,l為1~10之整數)、(4):(CpF2p+1SO2)N-(CqF2q+1SO2)(惟,p、q為1~10之整數)。其中特別是含氟原子之陰離子(含氟陰離子)因可獲得離子解離性良好的離子化合物故適於使用。含氟原子之陰離子中又以含氟醯亞胺陰離子為佳,其中又以雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺陰離子、雙(氟磺醯基)醯亞胺陰離子為宜。尤其,雙(氟磺醯基)醯亞胺陰離子以較少量的添加即可賦予優異的抗靜電性,維持黏著特性,有利於加濕或加熱環境下的耐久性,故為適宜。
此外,離子性化合物除了前述無機陽離子陰離子鹽(鹼金屬鹽)、有機陽離子陰離子鹽以外,尚可列舉氯化銨、氯化鋁、氯化銅、氯化亞鐵、氯化鐵、硫酸銨等之無機鹽。該等離子性化合物可單獨或多種併用。
再者,其他抗靜電劑可列舉如離子性界面活性劑系、導電性聚合物、導電性微粒子等可賦予抗靜電性之材料。
離子性界面活性劑可列舉如陽離子系(譬如4級銨鹽型、鏻鹽型、鋶鹽型等)、陰離子系(羧酸型、磺酸鹽型、硫酸鹽型、磷酸鹽型、亞磷酸鹽型等)、兩性離子系(磺基甜菜鹼型、烷基甜菜鹼型、烷基咪唑鎓甜菜鹼型等)或非離子系(多元醇衍生物、β-環糊精包合物、去水山梨糖醇脂肪酸單酯‧二酯、聚環氧烷衍生物、氧化胺等)之各種界面活性劑。
導電性微粒子可列舉氧化錫系、氧化銻系、氧化銦系、氧化鋅系等金屬氧化物。該等中又以氧化錫系為宜。氧化錫系之物除了氧化錫外,可舉如銻摻雜銻摻雜氧化錫、銦摻雜氧化錫、鋁摻雜氧化錫、鎢摻雜氧化錫、氧化鈦-氧化鈰-氧化錫的複合物、氧化鈦-氧化錫的複合物等。微粒子之平均粒徑為1~100nm左右,宜為2~50nm。
此外,前述以外之抗靜電劑可列舉如乙炔黑、科琴碳黑、天然石墨、人造石墨、鈦黑或是具有陽離子型(4級銨鹽等)、兩性離子型(甜菜鹼化合物等)、陰離子型(磺酸鹽等)或非離子型(甘油等)之離子導電性基的單體之均聚物或前述單體與其他單體之共聚物、具有源自具4級銨鹽基之丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯之部位的聚合物等具離子導電性之聚合物;使聚乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物等之親水性聚合物與丙烯酸系樹脂等合金化而成之類型的永久抗靜電劑。
前述黏著劑、抗靜電劑之使用量依該等之種類而定,不過宜以所得第1黏著劑層側之表面電阻值成為1.0×108~2.0×1012Ω/□的方式予以控制。譬如,相對於黏著劑之基底聚合物(如(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物)100重量份,宜在抗靜電劑(譬如為離子性化合物時)為0.05~20重量份之範圍內使用。使用前述範圍內之抗靜電劑對於提升抗
靜電性能而言相當適宜。另一方面,一旦超過20重量份,當黏著劑層或含有前述黏著劑層之內置型液晶面板被設置在加濕環境下時,可能產生抗靜電劑析出、偏析或黏著劑層白濁之問題,或在加濕環境下產生發泡、剝離等情況,耐久性變不足,故不適宜。又,錨定層與黏著劑層間之密著性(投錨力)亦恐降低,不宜。再者,抗靜電劑宜為0.1重量份以上,更宜為1重量份以上。在滿足耐久性的觀點上,宜在18重量份以下作使用,更宜在16重量份以下作使用。
另,於形成第1黏著劑層之黏著劑組成物中可含有與基底聚合物對應的交聯劑。在使用譬如(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物作為基底聚合物時,交聯劑可使用有機系交聯劑或多官能性金屬螯合物。有機系交聯劑可舉出如異氰酸酯系交聯劑、過氧化物系交聯劑、環氧系交聯劑、亞胺系交聯劑等。多官能性金屬螯合物是多價金屬與有機化合物共價鍵結或配位鍵結之物。多價金屬原子可列舉Al、Cr、Zr、Co、Cu、Fe、Ni、V、Zn、In、Ca、Mg、Mn、Y、Ce、Sr、Ba、Mo、La、Sn、Ti等。有機化合物中可共價鍵結或配位鍵結之原子可舉如氧原子等,有機化合物則可舉如烷基酯類、醇類化合物、羧酸化合物、醚類化合物、酮類化合物等。
相對於(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物100重量份,交聯劑之使用量宜為3重量份以下,且0.01~3重量份較佳,0.02~2重量份更佳,0.03~1重量份尤佳。
又,於形成第1黏著劑層之黏著劑組成物中可
含有矽烷耦合劑及其他添加劑。例如,可視使用用途適當添加聚丙二醇等聚伸烷基二醇之聚醚化合物、著色劑、顏料等粉體、染料、界面活性劑、塑化劑、增黏劑、表面潤滑劑、調平劑、軟化劑、抗氧化劑、抗老化劑、光穩定劑、紫外線吸收劑、聚合抑制劑、無機或有機的充填劑、金屬粉、粒狀、箔狀物等。又,在可控制的範圍內,也可採用添加還原劑的氧化還原系。該等添加劑相對於(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物100重量份宜在5重量份以下、較宜在3重量份以下且更宜在1重量份以下的範圍使用。
<錨定層>
構成本發明之內置型液晶面板的前述錨定層的特徵在於:含有導電聚合物且表面電阻值為1.0×108~1.0×1011Ω/□。另從抗靜電機能與觸控感測器敏感度的觀點來看,前述錨定層之表面電阻值為1.0×108~1.0×1011Ω/□,且1.0×108~5.0×1010Ω/□為佳,1.0×108~1.0×1010Ω/□更佳。尤其,藉由前述錨定層具有導電性(抗靜電性)而有優異的抗靜電機能,亦可不使用或抑制減少用於前述黏著劑層之抗靜電劑的使用量,就抗靜電劑之析出、偏析或在加濕環境下之白濁等外觀上的不良情況或耐久性觀點來看為理想態樣。另,要於構成內置型液晶面板的附黏著劑層之第1偏光薄膜側面設置導通結構時,藉由錨定層具有導電性,錨定層可作為抗靜電層確保與導通結構之接觸面積,抗靜電機能佳,故為適宜。
從表面電阻值之穩定性及與黏著劑層之密著
性、藉由確保與導通結構之接觸面積所得的抗靜電機能之穩定性的觀點來看,前述錨定層之厚度宜為0.01~0.5μm,且0.01~0.4μm較佳,0.02~0.3μm更佳。
從光學特性、外觀、抗靜電效果及抗靜電效果於加熱時、加濕時之穩定性的觀點來看,宜使用前述導電性聚合物。尤其宜使用聚苯胺、聚噻吩等導電性聚合物。導電性聚合物可適當使用有機溶劑可溶性、水溶性、水分散性者,不過宜使用水溶性導電性聚合物或水分散性導電性聚合物。因為水溶性導電性聚合物或水分散性導電性聚合物可將形成抗靜電層時的塗佈液調製成水溶液或水分散液,前述塗佈液無須使用非水系有機溶劑,能抑制光學薄膜基材因前述有機溶劑變質的情況。又,水溶液或水分散液可含有水以外的水系溶劑。可舉如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、異丁醇、二級丁醇、三級丁醇、正戊醇、異戊醇、二級戊醇、三級戊醇、1-乙基-1-丙醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、正己醇、環己醇等醇類。
又,前述聚苯胺、聚噻吩等水溶性導電性聚合物或水分散性導電性聚合物宜於分子中具有親水性官能基。親水性官能基可舉如磺酸基、胺基、醯胺基、醯亞胺基、四級銨鹽基、羥基、巰基、肼基、羧基、硫酸酯基、磷酸酯基或該等之鹽等。因為分子內具有親水性官能基,可輕易溶於水或可以微粒子狀輕易地分散於水中,而得以輕鬆地調製出前述水溶性導電性聚合物或水分散性導電性聚合物。另,使用聚噻吩系聚合物時,通常會併用聚苯乙
烯磺酸。
就水溶性導電聚合物之市售物例子來說,可列舉聚苯胺磺酸(Mitsubishi Rayon Co.,Ltd.製,聚苯乙烯換算所得重量平均分子量150000)等。就水分散性導電聚合物之市售物例子來說,可列舉聚噻吩系導電性聚合物(Nagase ChemteX Co.製、商品名:Denatron系列)等。
又,就錨定層之形成材料而言,在導電性聚合物之皮膜形成性、提升對於光學薄膜之密著性等目的下,亦可連同前述導電性聚合物一起添加黏結劑成分。導電性聚合物為水溶性導電性聚合物或水分散性導電性聚合物之水系材料時,係使用水溶性或水分散性的黏結劑成分。黏結劑之例子可舉如含唑啉基聚合物、聚胺甲酸乙酯系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚醚系樹脂、纖維素系樹脂、聚乙烯醇系樹脂、環氧樹脂、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、聚苯乙烯系樹脂、聚乙二醇、新戊四醇等。尤其以聚胺甲酸乙酯系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂為宜。該等黏結劑可依其用途適當使用1種或2種以上。
導電性聚合物、黏結劑之使用量依該等之種類而定,不過可以所得錨定層之表面電阻值成為1.0×108~1.0×1011Ω/□之方式予以控制。
<表面處理層>
表面處理層可設在第1偏光薄膜之未設置錨定層之側。表面處理層除了可設置成用於第1偏光薄膜的透明保護薄膜以外,亦可有別於透明保護薄膜另外設置。就前述
表面處理層而言,可設置硬塗層、防眩處理層、抗反射層、抗黏層等。
前述表面處理層宜為硬塗層。硬塗層之形成材料例如可使用熱可塑性樹脂、利用熱或放射線而硬化之材料。前述材料可列舉熱硬化型樹脂或紫外線硬化型樹脂、電子束硬化型樹脂等的放射線硬化性樹脂。該等中又以紫外線硬化型樹脂為宜,該紫外線硬化型樹脂可藉由利用紫外線照射的硬化處理,以簡單的加工操作有效率地形成硬化樹脂層。該等硬化型樹脂可舉如聚酯系、丙烯酸系、胺甲酸酯系、醯胺系、聚矽氧系、環氧系、三聚氰胺系等各種物質,包括該等之單體、寡聚物、聚合物等。從加工速度的迅速性、對於基材之熱損較少的觀點來看,尤以放射線硬化型樹脂特別是紫外線硬化型樹脂為宜。適合使用的紫外線硬化型樹脂可列舉如具有紫外線聚合性官能基之物,其中包含具有2個以上特別是3~6個前述官能基之丙烯酸系單體或寡聚物成分者。又,紫外線硬化型樹脂中可摻混有光聚合引發劑。
另,就前述表面處理層來說,可設置以提升觀視性為目的之防眩處理層或抗反射層。又,於前述硬塗層上可設置防眩處理層或抗反射層。防眩處理層之構成材料無特別限定,譬如可使用放射線硬化型樹脂、熱硬化型樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂等。抗反射層可使用氧化鈦、氧化鋯、氧化矽、氟化鎂等。抗反射層可設置多層。其他,表面處理層可列舉抗黏層等。
對於前述表面處理層,藉由含有抗靜電劑可賦予導電性。抗靜電劑可使用前述例示之物。
<其他層>
對於本發明之附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜,除了前述各層以外,亦可於第1偏光薄膜之設置錨定層之側的表面設置易黏著層或施行電暈處理、電漿處理等各種易黏著處理。
位在前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜之黏著劑層側的表面電阻值宜控制在1.0×108~2.0×1012Ω/□,以達滿足初始值(室溫放置條件:23℃×65%RH)及加濕後(譬如在60℃×95%RH下放置120小時後)之抗靜電機能,且不會減弱觸控感測器敏感度或降低加濕及加熱環境下的耐久性。前述表面電阻值可藉由分別控制錨定層(或黏著劑層等)之表面電阻值來調整。前述表面電阻值較宜為1.0×108~8.0×1010Ω/□,且2.0×108~6.0×1010Ω/□更佳。
本發明之內置型液晶面板以前述第1黏著劑層側之表面電阻值的變動比(b/a)為10以下為佳,5以下較佳,3以下更佳。另,前述a表示在製作出前述第1偏光薄膜上設有前述第1黏著劑層且前述第1黏著劑層上設有分離件之狀態的附黏著劑層之第1偏光薄膜後,第1黏著劑層側之在立刻將前述分離件剝離後的表面電阻值;前述b表示將前述附黏著劑層之第1偏光薄膜投入60℃×95%RH之加濕環境下120小時並進一步在40℃下乾燥1小時後,第1黏著劑層側之在將前述分離件剝離後的表面電阻值。前述變動比(b/a)超過10時,會降低在加濕環境下之黏著劑層側
的抗靜電機能。
<內置型液晶單元及內置型液晶面板>
以下說明內置型液晶單元B及內置型液晶面板C。
(內置型液晶單元B)
如圖2至圖6所示,內置型液晶單元B具有液晶層20、從兩面夾持前述液晶層20之第1透明基板41及第2透明基板42,該液晶層20含有在電場不存在之狀態下呈平行配向的液晶分子。又,於前述第1透明基板41與第2透明基板42之間具有觸控感測器及觸控驅動機能相關的觸控感測電極部。
如圖2、圖3、圖6所示,前述觸控感測電極部可利用觸控感測器電極31及觸控驅動電極32形成。在此所指觸控感測器電極為觸控偵測(接收)電極。前述觸控感測器電極31及觸控驅動電極32可分別獨立以各種圖案形成。譬如,將內置型液晶單元B設為平面時,該等可以分別獨立設於X軸方向、Y軸方向之形式呈直角交錯的圖案作配置。又,圖2、圖3、圖6中,前述觸控感測器電極31係配置在比前述觸控驅動電極32更靠前述第1透明基板41之側(視辨側),但亦可與前述相反地將前述觸控驅動電極32配置在比前述觸控感測器電極31更靠前述第1透明基板41之側(視辨側)。
另一方面,如圖4、圖5所示,前述觸控感測電極部可使用觸控感測器電極及觸控驅動電極一體形成的電極33。
又,前述觸控感測電極部可配置在前述液晶層20與前述第1透明基板41或與第2透明基板42之間。圖2、圖4係前述觸控感測電極部配置在前述液晶層20與前述第1透明基板41之間(比前述液晶層20更靠視辨側)的情況。圖3、圖5係前述觸控感測電極部配置在前述液晶層20與前述第2透明基板42之間(比前述液晶層20更靠背光側)的情況。
又,如圖6所示,前述觸控感測電極部於前述液晶層20與第1透明基板41之間具有觸控感測器電極31,且於前述液晶層20與第2透明基板42之間具有觸控驅動電極32。
另,前述觸控感測電極部之驅動電極(前述觸控驅動電極32、觸控感測器電極及觸控驅動電極一體形成的電極33)可兼作控制液晶層20的共通電極。
用於內置型液晶單元B之液晶層20可使用含有在電場不存在之狀態下呈平行配向之液晶分子的液晶層。就液晶層20來說,適宜使用譬如IPS方式之液晶層。其他,液晶層20譬如可使用TN型或STN型、π型、VA型等任意類型之液晶層。前述液晶層20之厚度例如為1.5μm~4μm左右。
如上述,內置型液晶單元B於液晶單元內具有觸控感測器及觸控驅動機能相關的觸控感測電極部,且於液晶單元外部不具觸控感測器電極。即,在比內置型液晶單元B之第1透明基板41更靠視辨側(比內置型液晶面板C
之第1黏著劑層2更靠液晶單元側)之側未設置導電層(表面電阻值為1×1013Ω/□以下)。又,在圖2至圖6中記載之內置型液晶面板C顯示了各構成之順序,不過於內置型液晶面板C可適度具有其他構成。可於液晶單元上(第1透明基板41)設置彩色濾光片基板。
形成前述透明基板之材料可列舉如玻璃或聚合物薄膜。前述聚合物薄膜可舉如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚環烯烴、聚碳酸酯等。前述透明基板係由玻璃形成時,其厚度例如為0.1mm~1mm左右。前述透明基板係由聚合物薄膜形成時,其厚度例如為10μm~200μm左右。上述透明基板可於其表面具有易黏著層或硬塗層。
形成觸控感測電極部的觸控感測器電極31(電容感測器)、觸控驅動電極32、或觸控感測器電極及觸控驅動電極一體形成的電極33可作為透明導電層而形成。前述透明導電層之構成材料無特別限定,可列舉如金、銀、銅、鉑、鈀、鋁、鎳、鉻、鈦、鐵、鈷、錫、鎂、鎢等金屬及該等金屬之合金等。又,前述透明導電層之構成材料可列舉銦、錫、鋅、鉀、銻、鋯、鎘之金屬氧化物,具體上可列舉氧化銦、氧化錫、氧化鈦、氧化鎘及由該等之混合物等所構成的金屬氧化物。其他可使用由碘化銅等所構成之其他金屬化合物等。前述金屬氧化物中可視需求進一步含有上述群組所示金屬原子之氧化物。宜使用譬如含有氧化錫之氧化銦(ITO)、含銻之氧化錫等,且尤宜使用ITO。ITO宜含有80~99重量%之氧化銦及1~20重量%之氧
化錫。
前述觸控感測電極部之電極(觸控感測器電極31、觸控驅動電極32、觸控感測器電極及觸控驅動電極一體形成的電極33)通常可利用常法以透明電極圖案形成於第1透明基板41及/或第2透明基板42之內側(內置型液晶單元B內之液晶層20側)。上述透明電極圖案通常係與形成於透明基板端部之繞線(routing wires;未圖示)電連接,上述繞線則與控制器IC(未圖示)連接。透明電極圖案之形狀除了櫛形以外,可視用途採用任意形狀如條紋狀或菱形形狀等。透明電極圖案之高度例如為10nm~100nm,寬為0.1mm~5mm。
(內置型液晶面板C)
如圖2至圖6所示,本發明之內置型液晶面板C可於內置型液晶單元B之視辨側具有附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜A,且於其相反側具有第2偏光薄膜11。前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜A係未隔導電層而隔著前述第1黏著劑層2配置於前述內置型液晶單元B之第1透明基板41之側。另一方面,於前述內置型液晶單元B之第2透明基板42之側係隔著第2黏著劑層12配置有第2偏光薄膜11。前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜A的第1偏光薄膜1、第2偏光薄膜11係以各偏光件之透射軸(或吸收軸)正交的方式配置在液晶層20兩側。
第2偏光薄膜11可使用在第1偏光薄膜1中所述之物。第2偏光薄膜11可使用與第1偏光薄膜1相同之物,亦可使用不同物。
於第2黏著劑層12之形成可使用第1黏著劑層2中所說明之黏著劑。用來形成第2黏著劑層12之黏著劑可使用與第1黏著劑層2相同之物,亦可使用不同物。第2黏著劑層12之厚度無特別限制,例如為1~100μm左右。宜為2~50μm,較宜為2~40μm,更宜為5~35μm。
又,在內置型液晶面板C中,可於前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜A之前述錨定層3及第1黏著劑層2之側面設置導通結構50。導通結構50可設於前述錨定層3及第1黏著劑層2之側面全部,亦可局部設置。局部設置前述導通結構時,為了確保側面之導通,前述導通結構宜以佔前述側面面積之1面積%以上且宜為3面積%以上之比例來設置。又,上述以外,如圖2所示,可於第1偏光薄膜1之側面設置導通材料51。
藉由前述導通結構50,可從前述錨定層3及第1黏著劑層2的這一側面於其他的適當位置連接電位,藉以抑制靜電發生。形成導通結構50、51之材料可列舉如銀、金或其他金屬糊等導電性糊,其他亦可使用導電性黏著劑及其他任意的適當導電材料。導通結構50亦可以譬如由前述錨定層3及第1黏著劑層2之側面延伸的線狀形成。關於導通結構51亦可以同樣的線狀形成。
其他,配置在液晶層20視辨側的第1偏光薄膜1及配置在液晶層20視辨側之相反側的第2偏光薄膜11,可分就各配置位置的適性與其他光學薄膜積層使用。作為前述其他光學薄膜可列舉例如反射板或半透射板、相位差薄
膜(包含1/2或1/4等之波長板)、視角補償薄膜、增亮薄膜等亦可用於形成液晶顯示裝置等之光學層者。該等可使用1層或2層以上。
(液晶顯示裝置)
使用有本發明之內置型液晶面板的液晶顯示裝置(內嵌觸控感測機能之液晶顯示裝置),可適當使用如在照明系統使用背光或反射板等用以形成液晶顯示裝置的構件。
實施例
以下,以製造例、實施例來具體說明本發明,惟本發明不受該等實施例限定。另外,各例中之份及%皆為重量基準。以下「初始值」(室溫放置條件)係表示在23℃×65%RH下放置狀態之值,「加濕後」則表示在60℃×95%RH之加濕環境下投入120小時後再以40℃乾燥1小時後所測定之值。
<(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物之重量平均分子量的測定>
(甲基)丙烯酸系聚合物之重量平均分子量(Mw)是利用GPC(凝膠滲透層析法)來測定。針對分子量分布(Mw/Mn)亦同樣進行測定。
‧分析裝置:東曹公司製,HLC-8120GPC
‧管柱:東曹公司製、G7000HXL+GMHXL+GMHXL
‧管柱尺寸:各7.8mmφ×30cm計90cm
‧管柱溫度:40℃
‧流量:0.8mL/min
‧注入量:100μL
‧溶析液:四氫呋喃
‧檢測器:示差折射計(RI)
‧標準試料:聚苯乙烯
(製作偏光薄膜)
使厚度80μm之聚乙烯醇薄膜在速度比互異的輥件間於30℃且0.3%濃度之碘溶液中一邊染色1分鐘並一邊延伸至3倍。之後,一邊於60℃且含4%濃度之硼酸、10%濃度之碘化鉀的水溶液中浸漬0.5分鐘,一邊延伸成總延伸倍率達6倍。接下來,藉由在30℃且含有1.5%濃度之碘化鉀的水溶液中浸漬10秒鐘進行洗淨後,在50℃下實行4分鐘乾燥而製得厚度20μm之偏光件。將下述記載之各透明保護薄膜分別以聚乙烯醇系接著劑貼合至該偏光件之兩面,製作偏光薄膜P1及P2。
另,以具有下列透濕度之透明保護薄膜作為表1中之偏光薄膜(偏光板)的種類來進行製作。
P1:環烯烴聚合物(COP)系偏光薄膜:使用13μm之COP系透明保護薄膜(透濕度36g/(m2.24h)、日本ZEON公司製)業經電暈處理者。
P2:TAC系偏光薄膜:使用25μm之TAC系透明保護薄膜(透濕度1000g/(m2.24h)、富士薄膜公司製)業經皂化處理者。
對上述偏光薄膜之錨定層形成面側實施電暈處理(0.1kw、3m/min、寬300mm)作為易接著處理。
(調製錨定層之形成材)
就固體成分,將含有30~90重量%之胺甲酸乙酯系聚合物及10~50重量%之噻吩系聚合物的溶液(商品名:Denatron P-580W、Nagase ChemteX Co.製)8.6份、含有10~70重量%之含唑啉基之丙烯酸聚合物及10~70重量%之含聚氧伸乙基之甲基丙烯酸酯的溶液(商品名:Epocros WS-700、(股)日本觸媒製)1份及水90.4份混合,調製出固體成分濃度為0.5重量%之錨定層形成用塗佈液。
(形成錨定層)
將前述錨定層形成用塗佈液以乾燥後厚度成為表1所示厚度之方式塗佈於上述偏光薄膜之單面後,在80℃下乾燥2分鐘,形成錨定層。
(調製丙烯酸系聚合物)
於備有攪拌葉片、溫度計、氮氣導入管、冷卻器之4口燒瓶中,饋入含有丙烯酸丁酯(BA)75份、丙烯酸苯氧乙酯(PEA)21份、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯啶酮(NVP)3.3份、丙烯酸(AA)0.3份、丙烯酸4-羥丁酯(HBA)0.4份的單體混合物。並相對於前述單體混合物(固體成分)100份,將作為聚合引發劑之2,2’-偶氮雙異丁腈0.1份與乙酸乙酯100份一起饋入,一邊緩慢攪拌一邊導入氮氣進行氮取代後,將燒瓶內的液溫保持在55℃附近,進行8小時聚合反應,調製出重量平均分子量(Mw)160萬且Mw/Mn=3.6之丙烯酸系聚合物溶液。
(調製黏著劑組成物)
相對於上述所得丙烯酸系聚合物之溶液的固體成分100份,以表1所示使用量(固體成分、有效成分)摻合離子性化合物,並進一步摻混異氰酸酯交聯劑(三井化學公司製、Takenate D160N、三羥甲丙烷六亞甲基二異氰酸酯)0.1份、過氧化苯甲醯(日本油脂公司製、Nyper BMT)0.3份及矽烷耦合劑(信越化學工業公司製:X-41-1810)0.3份,調製出各實施例及比較例中使用的丙烯酸系黏著劑組成物之溶液。
表1中所載離子性化合物的代號如下。
Li-TFSI:雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺鋰、Mitsubishi Materials Co.製、鹼金屬鹽(無機陽離子陰離子鹽)
MPP-TFSI:甲基丙基吡咯啶鎓雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺、Mitsubishi Materials Co.製、離子液體(有機陽離子陰離子鹽)
EMI-TFSI:1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺、第一工業製藥公司製、離子液體(有機陽離子陰離子鹽)
EMI-FSI:1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓雙(氟磺醯基)醯亞胺、第一工業製藥公司製、離子液體(有機陽離子陰離子鹽)
TBMA-TFSI:三丁基甲基銨雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺、Mitsubishi Materials Co.製、離子液體(有機陽離子陰離子鹽)
(形成黏著劑層)
接下來,為使乾燥後的黏著劑層之厚度成為23μm,在
以聚矽氧系剝離劑處理過的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)薄膜(分隔薄膜:三菱化學聚酯薄膜(股)製,MRF38)的單面塗佈上述丙烯酸系黏著劑組成物的溶液,並以155℃進行1分鐘乾燥,而在分隔薄膜的表面形成黏著劑層。前述黏著劑層便轉印至形成有錨定層之偏光薄膜上。
<實施例1~6、比較例1~4及參考例1>
以表1所示組合,於上述所得偏光薄膜單面(電暈面側)依序形成錨定層及黏著劑層,製作出附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜。
另,在比較例1~3中係使用不含錨定層之物,在比較例4中則使用錨定層之表面電阻值不含在期望範圍(1.0×108~1.0×1011Ω/□)內之物。
針對上述實施例及比較例中所得錨定層、黏著劑層及附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜進行以下評估。評估結果列於表1及表2。
<透明保護薄膜之透濕度>
根據JISZ0208之透濕度試驗(杯式法)進行測定。將裁切成直徑60mm之透明保護薄膜設置於裝有約15g之氯化鈣的透濕杯中,放入40℃、92%R.H.之恆溫機安置24小時後,測定氯化鈣之重量增加,來求算透濕度(g/(m2.24h))。
<表面電阻值(Ω/□):導電性>
(i)錨定層之表面電阻值係針對形成黏著劑層前之附錨定層之偏光薄膜的錨定層側表面進行測定(對照表1)。
(ii)黏著劑層之表面電阻值係針對形成在分離薄膜上
的黏著劑層表面進行測定(對照表1)。
(iii)黏著劑層側之表面電阻值係從所得附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜剝離分離薄膜後,測定黏著劑層表面之表面電阻值(對照表2)。
測定是使用三菱化學ANALYTECH公司製的MCP-HT450來進行。(i)係在施加電壓10V下測定10秒鐘後之值,(ii)、(iii)係在施加電壓250V下測定10秒鐘後之值。
另外,表2之變動比(b/a)係從「初始值」之表面電阻值(a)與「加濕後」之表面電阻值(b)算出之值(小數點第2位四捨五入之值)。
<ESD試驗>
實施例1~6及比較例1~4係從附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜剝離分離薄膜後,如圖3所示貼合至內置型液晶單元之視辨側。
接著,於已貼合之偏光薄膜側面部以覆蓋偏光薄膜、錨定層、黏著劑層之各側面部的方式塗佈寬10mm的銀糊並與外部之接地電極連接。
參考例1係從附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜剝離分離薄膜後再貼合至上置型液晶單元之視辨側(感測器層)。
將前述液晶顯示面板設置於背光裝置上,在施加電壓9kV下對視辨側的偏光薄膜面發射靜電放電槍(Electrostatic discharge Gun),測定因電氣而出現泛白之部分消失的時間,並以此作為「初始值」,按下述基準
進行判斷。又,「加濕後」也與「初始值」同樣地按下述基準進行判斷。另,有實用上問題的評估結果為×。
(評估基準)
◎:3秒以內。
○:超過3秒至10秒以內。
△:超過10秒至60秒以內。
×:超過60秒。
<TSP敏感度>
實施例1~6及比較例1~4係將內置型液晶單元內部之透明電極圖案周邊部的繞線配線(未圖示)與控制器IC(未圖示)連接,參考例1則將上置型液晶單元視辨側之透明電極圖案周邊部的繞線配線與控制器IC連接,來製作內嵌觸控感測機能之液晶顯示裝置。在內嵌觸控感測機能之液晶顯示裝置的輸入顯示裝置正值使用之狀態下以肉眼觀察,並以此作為「初始值」確認有無故障。
○:無故障。
×:有故障。
<加熱耐久性>
將附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜切成15吋大小並以此作為樣品。使用貼合機將該試樣貼附於厚度0.7mm之無鹼玻璃(康寧公司製,EG-XG)上。
接著在50℃且0.5MPa下進行15分鐘高壓釜處理,使上述試樣完全密著於無鹼玻璃上。對經施予所述處理之試樣在80℃的氣體環境下施行500小時處理後,或在90℃的
氣體環境下施行500小時處理後,依下述基準以肉眼評估偏光薄膜與無鹼玻璃之間的外觀。另,有實用上問題的評估結果為×。
(評估基準)
○:毫無發泡、剝離等外觀上的變化。
△:端部上有些許剝離或發泡但實用上不成問題。
×:端部有明顯的剝落,實用上有問題。
根據上述表2之評估結果可確認,在所有的實施例中,加熱耐久性、抗靜電性、抑制靜電不均及觸控感測器敏感度皆為實用等級。尤其當使用透明保護薄膜之透濕度含在800~1200g/(m2.24h)範圍內的偏光薄膜(P2)時,即使在90℃之高溫下的加熱耐久性試驗中仍能獲得良好的結果。另一方面,在比較例1~3中採用了不含具有導電性(抗靜電性)之錨定層之物,因此表面電阻值在加濕環境下的變動大,表面電阻值落在理想範圍外,並確認泛白消失需耗費時間。又,在比較例4中雖具有錨定層,但因採用了不具期望之表面電阻值的錨定層,所以確認了泛白消失需耗費時間。另,在參考例1中應用在上置型液晶單
元時,確認了觸控感測器敏感度的降低。
1:第1偏光薄膜
2:第1黏著劑層
3:錨定層
4:表面處理層
11:第2偏光薄膜
12:第2黏著劑層
20:液晶層
31:觸控感測器電極
32:觸控驅動電極
41:第1透明基板
42:第2透明基板
50、51:導通結構
A:附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜
B:內置型液晶單元
C:內置型液晶面板
Claims (2)
- 一種內置型液晶面板用附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜,其特徵在於:其係用於具有內置型液晶單元之內置型液晶面板的附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜,該內置型液晶單元具有:液晶層,含有在電場不存在之狀態下呈平行配向的液晶分子;從前述液晶層之兩面夾持前述液晶層之第1透明基板及第2透明基板;以及位在前述第1透明基板與第2透明基板之間之觸控感測器及觸控驅動機能相關的觸控感測電極部;前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜配置在前述內置型液晶單元之視辨側,且前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜的黏著劑層配置在前述附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜的偏光薄膜與前述內置型液晶單元之間;前述偏光薄膜至少含有偏光件及透明保護薄膜,且自視辨側起至少依序具有前述偏光薄膜、錨定層、前述黏著劑層;前述錨定層含有導電聚合物,且前述錨定層之表面電阻值為1.0×108~1.0×1011Ω/□;前述黏著劑層含有抗靜電劑且表面電阻值為1.0×108~5.0×1011Ω/□;前述透明保護薄膜在40℃×92%RH下之透濕度為10g/(m2.24h)以上。
- 如請求項1之內置型液晶面板用附黏著劑層 之偏光薄膜,其中在製作出前述黏著劑層上設有分離件之狀態的附黏著劑層之偏光薄膜後,黏著劑層側之在立刻將前述分離件剝離後的表面電阻值為1.0×108~2.0×1012Ω/□。
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