TWI733949B - 液晶化合物、液晶組合物及液晶顯示元件 - Google Patents
液晶化合物、液晶組合物及液晶顯示元件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明提供了式I所示液晶化合物:
該化合物具有正性介電各向異性,較大的彈性常數,溶解性好。本發明還提供包含式I所示化合物的液晶組合物,具有良好的對光和熱的穩定性,較低的黏度,可以藉由調節單體比例得到較為寬泛的折射率、較高的清晰點(很寬的使用溫度範圍),尤其是液晶組合物具有較高的光的穿透率,因而顯示元件具有較高的亮度或是具有節能省電的效果。
Description
本發明屬於液晶材料技術領域,具體涉及一種高垂直介電正性液晶化合物、液晶組合物及其含有此類液晶的液晶顯示元件。
目前,液晶化合物的應用範圍拓展的越來越廣,其可應用於多種類型的顯示器、光電元件、感測器等中。用於上述顯示領域的液晶化合物的種類繁多,其中向列相液晶應用最為廣泛。向列相液晶已經應用在被動TN、STN矩陣顯示器和具有TFT主動矩陣的系統中。
對於薄膜電晶體技術(TFT-LCD)應用領域,近年來市場雖然已經非常巨大,技術也逐漸成熟,但人們對顯示技術的要求也在不斷的提高,尤其是在實現快速響應,降低驅動電壓以降低功耗等方面。液晶材料作為液晶顯示器重要的光電子材料之一,對改善液晶顯示器的性能發揮重要的作用。
作為液晶材料,需要具有良好的化學和熱穩定性以及對電場和電磁輻射的穩定性。而作為薄膜電晶體技術(TFT-LCD)用液晶材料,不僅需要具有如上穩定性外,還應具有較寬的向列相溫度範圍、合適的雙折射率各向異性、非常高的電阻率、良好的抗紫外線性能、高電荷保持率以及低蒸汽壓等性能。
對於動態畫面顯示應用,消除顯示畫面殘影和拖尾,要求液晶具有很快的響應速度,因此要求液晶具有較低的旋轉黏度γ 1;另外,對於可擕式設備,為了降低設備能耗,希望液晶的驅動電壓盡可能低;而對於電視等用途的顯示器來說,對於液晶的驅動電壓要求不是那麼的低。
液晶化合物的黏度,尤其是旋轉黏度γ 1直接影響液晶加電後的響應時間,不管是上升時間(ton)還是下降時間(toff),都與液晶的旋轉黏度γ 1成正比關係,上升時間(ton)由於與液晶盒和驅動電壓有關,可以藉由加大驅動電壓的方法與降低液晶盒盒厚來調節;而下降時間(toff)與驅動電壓無關,主要是與液晶的彈性常數與液晶盒盒厚有關,盒厚的趨薄會降低下降時間(toff),而不同顯示模式下,液晶分子的運動方式不一樣,TN、IPS、VA三種模式分別與平均彈性常數K、扭曲彈性常數、彎曲彈性常數成反比關係。
液晶分子引入一個二氟亞甲氧基連接基團(-CF2O-)後,會使液晶的旋轉黏度γ 1有所降低。另外由於二氟亞甲氧基橋(-CF2O-)的偶極矩的貢獻,端基氟原子的偶極矩也有一定程度的提高,從而使液晶分子的介電各向異性△ε有所增加。已經公開了一些具有不同取代基的具有二氟亞甲氧基連接基團(-CF2O-)的液晶化合物(CN201210083535.0,CN201410764634.4,等)。但-CF2O-基團的引入會使液晶的清晰點大幅度降低。
依照液晶連續體理論,各種不同的液晶在外力(電場、磁場)作用下發生形變後,會藉由分子間的相互作用,會“回彈”回原來的形狀;同樣的,液晶也是由於分子間的相互作用力形成“黏度”。液晶分子的微小變化,會使液晶的常規參數性能發生明顯的變化,這些變化有的是有一定規律的,有
的似乎不易找到規律,對於液晶分子間的相互作用也會產生明顯的影響,這些影響非常微妙,至今也沒有形成很完善的理論解釋。
液晶的黏度與液晶分子結構有關,研究不同液晶分子形成的液晶體系的黏度與液晶分子結構之間的關係是液晶配方工程師的重要任務之一。
液晶面板能耗高的原因是只有大約5%左右的背光能夠穿透顯示元件,而被人眼捕獲,絕大部分光是被“浪費”了的。如果能夠開發出光穿透率高的液晶,即能夠降低背光強度,從而實現節省能耗的目的,延長設備的使用時間。
液晶穿透率與液晶的垂直介電有直接關係。
本發明提供一種新型式I所示液晶化合物,此類化合物具有正介電各向異性,同時具有高的垂直介電,具有良好的對光和熱的穩定性,較低的黏度,可以藉由改變結構獲得較為寬泛的折射率,較高的清晰點。
本發明所提供的式I所示液晶化合物:
其中,R1表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的
碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,且R1所述基團中任意一個或多個不相連的CH2可以被環戊基、環丁基、環丙基或-O-替代;各自獨立地表示或氟代苯;n表示1、2、3或4;Z0表示CF2O、CH2O、COO或單鍵。
式I所示化合物具有正性介電各向異性,較大的彈性常數,溶解性好。
本發明還提供一種液晶組合物,具有良好的對光和熱的穩定性,較低的黏度,可以藉由調節單體比例得到較為寬泛的折射率、較高的清晰點(很寬的使用溫度範圍),尤其是液晶組合物具有較高的光的穿透率,因而顯示元件具有較高的亮度或是具有節能省電的效果。
式Ⅱ所示化合物中,R2、R3各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基,且R2、R3所述基團中任意一個或多個不相連的CH2可以被環戊基、環丁基、環丙基或-O-替代;各自獨立地表示或;m表示1或2。
所述液晶組合物中式I所示化合物總質量百分比含量較佳地為1-40%,更佳地為5-30%;式Ⅱ所示化合物總質量百分比含量較佳地為5-65%,更佳地為25-60%。
式Ⅱ所示化合物一般具有較低的黏度,較低的折射率,添加此類成分,有利於降低整個液晶混合物的黏度。
所述液晶組合物還可以包含一種或多種式Ⅲ所示化合物:
其中,R4表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基;且R4所示基團中任意個或多個CH2可以被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;各自獨立地表示:
p表示1、2或3;Z1、Z2各自獨立地表示單鍵、-CF2O-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2O-;Y2表示F、氟取代的碳原子數為1-5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-5的烷氧基或碳原子數為2-5的鏈烯基。
添加式Ⅲ所示化合物,可以進一步調節液晶混合物的介電各向異性、折射率、清晰點、彈性常數、黏度等,有利於拓寬液晶的參數範圍。
所述液晶組合物還可以包含一種或多種式Ⅳ所示的化合物:
其中,R5、R6各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,且R5、R6所示基團中任一個CH2可以被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;Z3、Z4各自獨立地表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-或-CH2O-;各自獨立地表示或;h表示1、2或3;i表示0或1。
添加式Ⅳ所示化合物,可以進一步調節液晶混合物的介電各向異性、折射率、清晰點、彈性常數、黏度等,有利於拓寬液晶的參數範圍外,可以進一步提升液晶的垂直介電。
式I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V、Ⅵ單個單體的最大添加量與環數目有關,環數目較多時,一般溶解性較差,也與單體的端烷基鏈有關,烷基的一般大於烷氧基,在碳原子數在1-5時相比,一般碳原子數較長時溶解性較好。
每種單體的性能各異,用以調節液晶的各種參數,來適應各種不同規格的液晶顯示元件的需要。
式I液晶化合物具有較大的的液晶分子長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介電各向異性,而長軸平行方向大於垂直方向的介電各向異性,總體表現為正性;同時具有較高的清晰點Cp、良好的對光、熱的穩定性、較大的彈性常數,尤其是K33等優點。
本發明還涉及包含所述式I液晶化合物、由式I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V、Ⅵ組合形成的液晶組合物的液晶顯示元件,所述液晶顯示元件為主動矩陣顯示元件或被動矩陣顯示元件。其中,本文所指的液晶顯示元件可包含液晶顯示器。
液晶顯示元件可以是TN、ECB、VA、IPS、FFS、PS-TN、PS-VA、PS-IPS、PS-FFS等模式。
下面結合具體實施例對本發明作進一步闡述,但本發明並不限於以下實施例。所述方法如無特別說明均為常規方法。所述原材料如無特別說明均能從公開商業途徑而得。
反應過程一般藉由TLC監控反應的進程,反應結束的後處理一般是水洗、提取、合併有機相後乾燥、減壓下蒸除溶劑,以及重結晶、柱層析,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者都能夠按照下面的描述來實現本發明。
本說明書中的百分比為質量百分比,溫度為攝氏度(℃),其他符號的具體意義及測試條件如下:Cp表示液晶清晰點(℃),DSC定量法測試;△n表示光學各向異性,no為尋常光的折射率,ne為非尋常光的折射率,測試條件為25±2℃,589nm,阿貝折射儀測試;
△ε表示介電各向異性,△ε=ε∥-ε⊥,其中,ε ∥為平行於分子軸的介電常數,ε ⊥為垂直於分子軸的介電常數,測試條件為25±0.5℃,20微米平行盒,INSTEC:ALCT-IR1測試;γ 1表示旋轉黏度(mPa.s),測試條件為25±0.5℃,20微米平行盒,INSTEC:ALCT-IR1測試;T(%)表示透過率,T(%)=100%*亮態(Vop)亮度/光源亮度,測試設備DMS501,測試條件為25±0.5℃,測試盒為3.3微米IPS測試盒,電極間距和電極寬度均為10微米,摩擦方向與電極夾角為10°,因ε ⊥與T存在正相關性,所以考察透過率時,可用ε ⊥作為考察指標來指證。
本發明申請實施例液晶單體結構用代碼表示,液晶環結構、端基、連接基團的代碼表示方法見下表(一)、表(二)
向250ml三口瓶中加入4.26g(1-A),30ml DMF,0.6g氫氧化鈉,室溫下攪拌反應20分鐘,室溫下滴加2.82g 1,1,2,3,3-五氟-3-碘丙烯的10ml DMF的溶液,反應12小時。
加入水100ml,石油醚萃取水相,水洗有機相,過矽膠柱,濃縮層析液到10ml,低溫下結晶,得到3.33g白色晶體(1-B),收率60%,GC:99.92%。
△ε[1KHz,20℃]:11
ε⊥:8.7
△n[589nm,20℃]:0.144
△ε[1KHz,20℃]:13
ε⊥:8.0
△n[589nm,20℃]:0.200
Cp:114℃
△ε[1KHz,20℃]:22
ε⊥:5.0
△n[589nm,20℃]:0.198
Cp:114℃
對比化合物ε⊥大幅度下降。
△ε[1KHz,20℃]:4.0
ε⊥:5.5
△n[589nm,20℃]:0.220
Cp:135℃
△ε[1KHz,20℃]:4.4
ε⊥:5.5
△n[589nm,20℃]:0.220
Cp:105℃
對比化合物Cp大幅下降。
對比例ε ⊥顯著下降,穿透率下降4%。
非常適合於正性IPS、FFS模式的顯示器。
本發明液晶組合物具有良好的對光和熱的穩定性,較低的黏度,可以調節得到較為寬泛的折射率、較高的清晰點(很寬的使用溫度範圍),尤
其是具有較高的光的穿透率,因而顯示元件具有較高的亮度或是具有節能省電的效果。
Claims (9)
- 如請求項2所述之液晶組合物,其中式I2-I24所示化合物總質量百分比含量為1-40%,式Ⅱ所示化合物總質量百分比含量為5-65%。
- 如請求項2所述之液晶組合物,其進一步包含一種或多種式Ⅲ所示化合物:
- 一種包含如請求項1所述之液晶化合物或如請求項2所述之液晶組合物的液晶顯示元件,其為主動矩陣顯示元件或被動矩陣顯示元件。
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