TWI751230B - 高垂直介電液晶組合物及液晶顯示元件 - Google Patents
高垂直介電液晶組合物及液晶顯示元件 Download PDFInfo
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- 0 *C(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1c1ccc(-c(cc2F)cc(F)c2F)c(F)c1 Chemical compound *C(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1c1ccc(-c(cc2F)cc(F)c2F)c(F)c1 0.000 description 9
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Abstract
Description
本發明屬於液晶材料技術領域,具體涉及一種高垂直介電液晶組合物及其含有此類液晶的液晶顯示元件。
目前,液晶化合物的應用範圍拓展的越來越廣,其可應用於多種類型的顯示器、光電元件、感測器等中。用於上述顯示領域的液晶化合物的種類繁多,其中向列相液晶應用最為廣泛。向列相液晶已經應用在被動TN、STN矩陣顯示器和具有TFT主動矩陣的系統中。
對於薄膜晶體管技術(TFT-LCD)應用領域,近年來市場雖然已經非常巨大,技術也逐漸成熟,但人們對顯示技術的要求也在不斷的提高,尤其是在實現快速響應,降低驅動電壓以降低功耗等方面。液晶材料作為液晶顯示器重要的光電子材料之一,對改善液晶顯示器的性能發揮重要的作用。
作為液晶材料,需要具有良好的化學和熱穩定性以及對電場和電磁輻射的穩定性。而作為薄膜晶體管技術(TFT-LCD)用液晶材料,不僅需要具有如上穩定性外,還應具有較寬的向列相溫度範圍、合適的雙折射率各向異性、非常高的電阻率、良好的抗紫外線性能、高電荷保持率以及低蒸汽壓等性能。
對於動態畫面顯示應用,消除顯示畫面殘影和拖尾,要求液晶具有很快的響應速度,因此要求液晶具有較低的旋轉黏度γ1。另外,對於可攜式設
備,為了降低設備能耗,希望液晶的驅動電壓盡可能低。而對於電視等用途的顯示器來說,對於液晶的驅動電壓要求不是那麼的低。
液晶化合物的黏度,尤其是旋轉黏度γ1直接影響液晶加電後的響應時間,不管是上升時間(ton)還是下降時間(toff),都與液晶的旋轉黏度γ1成正比關係,上升時間(ton)由於與液晶盒和驅動電壓有關,可以藉由加大驅動電壓的方法與降低液晶盒盒厚來調節。而下降時間(toff)與驅動電壓無關,主要是與液晶的彈性常數與液晶盒盒厚有關,盒厚的趨薄會降低下降時間(toff),而不同顯示模式下,液晶分子的運動方式不一樣,TN、IPS、VA三種模式分別與平均彈性常數K、扭曲彈性常數、彎曲彈性常數成反比關係。
依照液晶連續體理論,各種不同的液晶在外力(電場、磁場)作用下發生形變後,會藉由分子間的相互作用,會“回彈”回原來的形狀。同樣地,液晶也是由於分子間的相互作用力形成“黏度”。液晶分子的微小變化,會使液晶的常規參數性能發生明顯的變化,這些變化有的是有一定規律的,有的似乎不易找到規律,對於液晶分子間的相互作用也會產生明顯的影響,這些影響非常微妙,至今也沒有形成很完善的理論解釋。
液晶的黏度與液晶分子結構有關,研究不同液晶分子形成的液晶體系的黏度與液晶分子結構之間的關係是液晶配方工程師的重要任務之一。
液晶面板能耗高的原因是只有大約5%左右的背光能夠穿透顯示元件,而被人眼捕獲,絕大部分光是被“浪費”了的。如果能夠開發出光穿透率高的液晶,即能夠降低背光強度,從而實現節省能耗的目的,延長設備的使用時間。
本發明需要解決的技術問題是提供一種液晶組合物具有良好的對光和熱的穩定性,較低的黏度,可以藉由調節單體比例得到較為寬泛的折射率、較高的清晰點(很寬的使用溫度範圍),尤其是液晶組合物具有較高的光的穿透率,因而顯示元件具有較高的亮度或是具有節能省電的效果。
其中,R1、R2、R3、R5、R6各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基或碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,且R1、R3所示基團中任意一個或多個不相連的CH2可以被環戊基、環丁基、環丙基、-O-替代;R4表示F、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2或OCH2F;
、各自獨立地表示、、、、、
或任意氟代苯中的一種或多種;
、各自獨立地表示苯或氟代苯中的一種或兩種;
表示、、或任意氟代苯中的一種或多種;
m、p、w各自獨立地表示1、2或3;
n、q各自獨立地表示0或1。
所述一種或多種式I所示化合物較佳為式I1至I14所示化合物中的一種或多種化合物;所述一種或多種式II所示化合物較佳為式II1至II14所示化合物中的一種或多種化合物;所述一種或多種式III所示化合物較佳為式III1至III5所示化合物中的一種或多種化合物,
其中,R11、R31各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-6的烷基;R21各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-5的烷基;R51、R61各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-6的烷基、碳原子數為1-6的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-6的鏈烯基或碳原子數為3-6的鏈烯氧基。
本發明所述液晶組合物中,該一種或多種式I所示化合物總質量百分比含量較佳為1-40%,該一種或多種式II所示化合物總質量百分比含量較佳為1-40%,該一種或多種式III所示化合物總質量百分比含量較佳為1-80%。
式I所示化合物同時具有較大的液晶分子長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介電各向異性,而長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介電各向異性差值(△ε)較小。式II所示化合物同時具有較大的液晶分子長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介電
各向異性,長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介電各向異性差值(△ε)較大。兩者結合使用,具有明顯的提升混合液晶的垂直方向的介電各向異性的作用,而不會使混合液晶的△ε變小,因此添加量不會受到△ε的限制,可以實現較大量的添加,從而大幅度提升液晶混合物的穿透率。式III化合物具有低的旋轉黏度,進一步具有較高的清晰點(CP),與式I和式II所示化合物一起組合使用,液晶混合物的旋轉黏度很低,響應速度快。
本發明所提供的液晶組合物進一步可包含一種或多種式IV所示化合物
其中,R7表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基;且所示R7所述基團中任意一個或多個CH2可以被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;
、、各自獨立地表示:
、、、、、、及/或中的一種
或多種;r表示0、1、2或3;Z1、Z2各自獨立地表示單鍵、-CF2O-、-CH2CH2-或-CH2O-;
Y2表示F、氟取代的碳原子數為1-5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-5的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-5的鏈烯基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基。
其中,X1、X2各自獨立地表示H或F;
R7各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,且該R7所示基團中任意一個或多個CH2可以被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;(F)各自獨立地表示H或F。
式IV所示化合物具有較大的介電各向異性(△ε),適當量添加有利於提升混合液晶的介電各向異性(△ε),降低液晶的驅動電壓。適用於正性TN、IPS、FFS模式使用,也可以適用PSA-正性TN、IPS、FFS模式使用。
式IV所示化合物添加量較佳為在0-60%之間,更佳為5-30%。
所述液晶組合物進一步可包含一種或多種式V所示的化合物
其中,R8、R9各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,且R8、R9所示基團中任意一個或多個CH2可以被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;Z3、Z4各自獨立地表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-或CH2O-;
、各自獨立地表示、、、、、
、及/或中的一種或多種;
m表示1、2或3;n表示0或1。
所述液晶組合物進一步包含一種或多種式VI所示的化合物
其中,R10、R11各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,且R10、R11所示基團中任意一個或多個CH2可以被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;W表示-O-、-S-或-CH2O-。
所述的液晶組合物進一步可包含一種或多種式VII所示化合物
其中,R12表示碳原子數為1-5的烷基、碳原子數為2-5的鏈烯基;R13表示F原子、碳原子數為1-5的烷基、碳原子數為1-5的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-5的鏈烯基,且R12、R13所示基團中任意一個或多個CH2可以被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;n表示0或1;(F)各自獨立地表示H或F。
本發明包含上述液晶組合物的液晶顯示元件為主動矩陣顯示元件或被動矩陣顯示元件。
顯示元件可以是TN、ECB、VA、IPS、FFS、PS-TN、PS-VA、PS-IPS、PS-FFS、PA-VA、PA-IPS、PA-FFS、PI-less VA、PI-less IPS、PI-less-FFS LCD模式。
下面結合具體實施例對本發明作進一步闡述,但本發明並不限於以下實施例。所述方法如無特別說明均為常規方法。所述原材料如無特別說明均能從公開商業途徑而得。
反應過程一般藉由TIC監控反應的進程,反應結束的後處理一般是水洗、提取、合併有機相後乾燥、減壓下蒸除溶劑,以及重結晶、柱層析,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者都能夠按照下面的描述來實現本發明。
本說明書中的百分比為質量百分比,溫度為攝氏度(℃),其他符號的具體意義及測試條件如下:Cp表示液晶清晰點(℃),DSC定量法測試;△n表示光學各向異性,no為尋常光的折射率,ne為非尋常光的折射率,測試條件為25±2℃,589nm,阿貝折射儀測試;△ε表示介電各向異性,△ε=ε∥-ε⊥,其中,ε∥為平行於分子軸的介電常數,ε⊥為垂直於分子軸的介電常數,測試條件為25數,測試℃,20微米平行盒,INSTEC:ALCT-IR1測試;γ1表示旋轉黏度(mPa.s),測試條件為25±0.5℃,20微米平行盒,INSTEC:ALCT-IR1測試;Tr(%)表示透射率,Tr(%)=100%*亮態(Vop)亮度/光源亮度,測試設備DMS501,測試條件為25±0.5℃,測試盒為3.3微米IPS測試盒,電極間距和電極寬度均為10微米,摩擦方向與電極夾角為10°,因ε⊥與Tr存在正相關性,所以考察透射率時,可用ε⊥作為考察指標來指證。
本文中所使用的「顯示元件」一詞,其涵蓋的範圍可包含一般所稱之顯示器、顯示裝置等。
本發明申請實施例液晶單體結構用代碼表示,液晶環結構、端基、連接基團的代碼表示方法見下表(一)、表(二)
將液晶組合物灌入測試盒進行測試得到:比較例1的透射率為5.4%,比較例2的透射率為5.3%,實施例1的透射率為6%,較比較例1、比較例2分別提高了11%和13%。
本發明液晶組合物具有良好的對光和熱的穩定性,較低的黏
度,可以調節得到較為寬泛的折射率、較高的清晰點(很寬的使用溫度範圍),尤其是具有較高的光的穿透率,因而顯示元件具有較高的亮度或是具有節能省電的效果。
Claims (9)
- 一種液晶組合物,其包含一種或多種式I所示化合物、一種或多種式II所示化合物以及一種或多種式III所示化合物:其中該一種或多種式I所示化合物為式I1至I11、I13、I14所示化合物中的一種或多種化合物;該一種或多種式II所示化合物為式II2至II14所示化合物中的一種或多種化合物;該一種或多種式III所示化合物為式III2至III5所示化合物中的一種或多種化合物:
- 根據請求項1所述之液晶組合物,其中該一種或多種式I所示化合物總質量百分比含量為1-40%,該一種或多種式II所示化合物總質量百分比含量為1-40%,該一種或多種式III所示化合物總質量百分比含量為1-80%。
- 根據請求項1所述之液晶組合物,其進一步包含一種或多種式IV所示化合物:
- 一種包含如請求項1-8中之任一項所述之液晶組合物的液晶顯示元件,其為主動矩陣顯示元件或被動矩陣顯示元件。
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