TWI785108B - 液晶組合物及液晶顯示元件 - Google Patents
液晶組合物及液晶顯示元件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本發明屬於液晶材料技術領域,具體涉及液晶組合物及其含有該液晶組合物的液晶顯示元件。
目前,液晶顯示技術已經成熟應用於各類顯示元件中,成為當今訊息顯示領域的主流產品,在儀器儀錶、電腦、電視、手機等各種顯示器中得到了廣泛的應用。根據液晶顯示方式的不同,液晶顯示元件可以分為扭曲向列相(TN)模式、超扭曲向列相(STN)模式、共面(IPS)模式、垂直配向(VA)模式等多種模式。
薄膜電晶體顯示器(TFT-LCD)也迅速成長為主流顯示器,這與它具有的優點是分不開的。
其優點有:1)低黏度,滿足快速反應需求;2)高電壓保持率(VHR),這就需要液晶材料的電阻率高,一般會達到1013Ω.cm;3)較低的閾值電壓,可以滿足低電壓驅動,實現低功耗環保性能;
4)與TFT-LCD相匹配的光學各項異性(Δn),消除彩虹效應,獲得較好的對比度與視角性能。
對於動態畫面顯示應用,消除顯示畫面殘影和拖尾,要求液晶具有很快的反應速度,因此要求液晶具有較低的旋轉黏度γ1;另外,對於便攜式設備,為了降低設備能耗,希望液晶的驅動電壓盡可能低;而對於電視等用途的顯示器來說,對於液晶的驅動電壓低的要求要緩和一些。
液晶化合物的黏度,尤其是旋轉黏度γ1直接影響液晶加電後的反應時間,不管是上升時間(ton)還是下降時間(toff),都與液晶的旋轉黏度γ1成正比關係,上升時間(ton)由於還與液晶盒和驅動電壓有關,可以藉由加大驅動電壓的方法與降低液晶盒盒厚來調節;而下降時間(toff)與驅動電壓無關,主要是與液晶的彈性常數和液晶盒盒厚有關,盒厚的趨薄會降低下降時間(toff),而不同顯示模式下,液晶分子的運動方式不一樣,TN、IPS、VA三種模式分別與平均彈性常數K、扭曲彈性常數、彎曲彈性常數成反比關係。
TFT-LCD面板的透射率是指背光源透過TFT-LCD面板前後的光強之比。TFT-LCD是透射率只有3%~10%的低效率元件,當背光源的亮度為100時,從背光源入射的光藉由面板的各層後,大部分被吸收,最終透過面板後的光亮度只有5,也就是說透射率只有5%,只有一少部分光可以有效的利用、被人眼捕獲。
如果可以對液晶的穿透率進行提高,那麼就可以有效增加TFT-LCD面板的透射率,可以使得更多的光有效被利用;另一方面,也可以降低背光強度,從而實現節省能耗的目的,延長設備的使用時間。
本發明需要解決的技術問題是,提供一種液晶組合物,其光和熱的穩定性好,具有較低的黏度,較快的反應速度,可以得到較為寬泛的折射率、較高的清晰點(很寬的使用溫度範圍),尤其是具有較高光穿透率的液晶組合物、具有較高的亮度或是具有節能省電的效果的液晶顯示元件。
其中,R1、R2、R3、R5、R6、R7各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基或碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,且R1、R3所示基團中任意一個或多個不相連的CH2任選被環戊基、環丁基、環丙基、-O-替代;R8表示F、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2或OCH2F;R4表示F、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2或OCH2F;
、、、各自獨立地表示、、、、
、或任意氟代苯中的一種或多種;
、各自獨立地表示苯或任意氟代苯中的一種或多種;
表示、、或任意氟代苯中的一種或多種;m、p、w各自獨立地表示1、2或3;n、q各自獨立地表示0或1;e表示0、1、2或3。
本發明的液晶組合物中,較佳的是,所述一種或多種式I所示化合物為式I1-I14所示化合物中的一種或多種化合物;所述一種或多種式II所示化合物為式II1至II14所示化合物中的一種或多種化合物;所述一種或多種式III所示化合物為式III1至III5所示化合物中的一種或多種化合物;所述一種或多種式IV所示化合物為式IV1至IV24所示化合物中的一種或多種化合物,
其中,R11、R31各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-6的烷基;R21表示碳原子數為1-5的烷基;R51、R61各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-6的烷基、碳原子數為1-6的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-6的鏈烯基或碳原子數為3-6的鏈烯氧基;R71表示碳原子數為1-6的烷基、或碳原子數為2-6的烯基。
式I所示化合物同時具有較大的液晶分子長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介電常數而長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介電各向異性(Δε)較小。式II所示化合物同時具有較大的液晶分子長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介電各向異性,長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介電各向異性(Δε)較大。式IV所示液晶化合物的分子長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介電常數較大,同時長軸平行方向、垂直方向的介
電各向異性(Δε)較大。式I、式II和式IV所示化合物的搭配組合使用,可以顯著提升混合組合物的垂直方向的介電常數,同時液晶組合物的Δε不會變小,從而能夠大幅提升液晶組合物的穿透率。式III所示化合物具有低的旋轉黏度,還具有較高的清晰點(Cp),與式I、式II和式V所示化合物一起組合使用,液晶組合物的旋轉黏度很低,反應速度快。
本發明的液晶組合物中,較佳的是,所述一種或多種式I所示化合物的總質量百分比含量為1-40%,所述一種或多種式II所示化合物的總質量百分比含量為1-40%,所述一種或多種式III所示化合物的總質量百分比含量為1-80%,所述一種或多種式IV所示化合物的總質量百分比含量為0.5-30%。
其中,R9表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基;且所述R9所示基團中任意一個或多個CH2任選被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;、、各自獨立地表示:、、、、、、、中的一種或多種;
r表示0、1、2或3;Z1、Z2各自獨立地表示單鍵、-CF2O-、-CH2CH2-或-CH2O-;Y2表示F、氟取代的碳原子數為1-5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-5的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-5的鏈烯基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基。
式V所示化合物具有較大的介電各向異性(Δε),在本發明的液晶組合物中添加式V所示化合物有利於提升液晶組合物的介電各向異性(Δε),降低液晶的驅動電壓。添加有式V所示化合物的液晶組合物可以適用於正性TN、IPS、FFS模式使用,也可以適用PSA-正性TN、IPS、FFS模式。
本發明的液晶組合物中,在添加式V所示的化合物的情況下,較佳的是,式V所示化合物的總添加量為5-40%的範圍。本發明的液晶組合物中,在含有前述的一種或多種式V所示化合物的情況下,所述一種或多種式V所示化合物較佳選自V0-V25所示的化合物組成的組。
其中,R9表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,且所述R9所示基團中任意一個或多個CH2任選被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;(F)表示H或F;式V23中,X1、X2各自獨立地表示H或F,Y2表示F、氟取代的碳原子數為1-5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-5的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-5的鏈烯基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基。
其中,R10、R12各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,且R10、R12所示基團中任意一個或多個CH2任選被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;Z3、Z4各自獨立地表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-或CH2O-;
、各自獨立地表示、、、、、、或;a表示1、2或3;b表示0或1。
本發明的液晶組合物中,在包含一種或多種式VI所示的化合物的情況下,所述一種或多種式VI所示的化合物較佳選自VI1-VI12化合物。
其中,R10、R12各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,且R10、R12所示基團中任意一個或多個CH2任選被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代。
本發明的液晶組合物中,含有式VI所示化合物的總添加量較佳在0-60%的範圍,更佳為5-30%。
本發明的液晶組合物中,還可以包含一種或多種式VII所示的化合物。
其中,R13、R14各自獨立地表示碳原子數為1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷基、碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子數為1-10的烷氧基、碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、氟取代的碳原子數為2-10的鏈烯基、碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子數為3-8的鏈烯氧基,
且R13、R14所示基團中任意一個或多個CH2任選被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;W表示-O-、-S-或-CH2O-。
本發明的液晶組合物中,還可以包含一種或多種式VIII所示化合物。
其中,R15表示碳原子數為1-5的烷基、碳原子數為2-5的鏈烯基;R16表示F原子、碳原子數為1-5的烷基、碳原子數為1-5的烷氧基或碳原子數為2-5的鏈烯基,且R15、R16所示基團中任意一個或多個CH2任選被環戊基、環丁基或環丙基替代;n表示0或1;(F)表示H或F。
本發明還涉及包含前述液晶組合物的液晶顯示元件為主動矩陣顯示元件或被動矩陣顯示元件。
顯示元件可以是TN、ECB、VA、IPS、FFS、PS-TN、PS-VA、PS-IPS、PS-FFS、PA-VA、PA-IPS、PA-FFS、PI-less VA、PI-less IPS、PI-less-FFS LCD模式等中的任意一種模式。
下面結合具體實施例對本發明作進一步闡述,但本發明並不限於以下實施例。液晶組合物中的化合物的合成方法如無特別說明均為常規方法。合成液晶組合物的原材料如無特別說明均能從公開商業途徑得到。
反應過程一般藉由TLC監控反應的進程,反應結束的後處理一般是水洗、萃取、合併有機相後乾燥、減壓下蒸除溶劑,以及重結晶、柱層析,所屬技術領域具有通常知識者都能夠按照下面的描述來實現本發明。
本說明書中的百分比為質量百分比,溫度為攝氏度(℃),其他符號的具體意義及測試條件如下:Cp表示液晶清晰點(℃),DSC定量法測試;Δn表示光學各向異性,no為尋常光的折射率,ne為非尋常光的折射率,測試條件為25±2℃,589nm,阿貝折射儀測試;Δε表示介電各向異性,Δε=ε∥-ε⊥,其中,ε∥為平行於分子軸的介電常數,ε⊥為垂直於分子軸的介電常數,測試條件為25±0.5℃,20微米平行盒,INSTEC:ALCT-IR1測試;γ1表示旋轉黏度(mPa.s),測試條件為25±0.5℃,20微米平行盒,INSTEC:ALCT-IR1測試;Tr(%)表示透射率,Tr(%)=100%*亮態(Vop)亮度/光源亮度,測試設備DMS501,測試條件為25±0.5℃,測試盒為3.3微米IPS測試盒,電極間距和電極寬度均為10微米,摩擦方向與電極夾角為10°,因ε⊥與Tr存在正相關性,所以考察透射率時,可用ε⊥作為考察指標來指證。
本文中本文中所使用的「顯示元件」一詞,其涵蓋的範圍可包含一般所稱之顯示器、顯示裝置等。
本發明申請實施例液晶單體結構用代碼表示,液晶環結構、端基、連接基團的代碼表示方法見下表(一)、表(二)。
舉例:
CC-C(5)-V1
PGUQU-3-F
實施例1
實施例2:
實施例3:
實施例4:
實施例5:
實施例6:
實施例7:
實施例8:
實施例9:
實施例10:
實施例11:
實施例12:
本發明實施例藉由使用式I、式II和式IV所示化合物的搭配組合使用,可以顯著提升液晶組合物的垂直方向的介電各向異性,同時液晶組合物的Δε不會變小,從而能夠大幅提升液晶組合物的穿透率。式III所示化合物具有低的旋轉黏度,還具有較高的清晰點(Cp),與式I、式II和式V所示化合物搭配組合使用,液晶組合物的旋轉黏度降低,反應速度加快。本發明液晶組合物光和熱的穩定性好,具有較低的黏度,較快的反應速度,可以得到較為寬泛的折射率、較高的清晰點(很寬的使用溫度範圍),尤其是液晶組合物具有較高的光的穿透率,因而顯示元件具有較高的亮度或是具有節能省電的效果。
Claims (10)
- 一種液晶組合物,其包含一種或多種式I所示化合物、一種或多種式II所示化合物、一種或多種式III所示化合物以及一種或多種式IV所示化合物:
- 如請求項1或2所述的液晶組合物,其中該一種或多種式I所示化合物的總質量百分比含量為1-40%,該一種或多種式II所示化合物的總質量百分比含量為1-40%,該一種或多種式III所示化合物的總質量百分比含量為1-80%,該一種或多種式IV所示化合物的總質量百分比含量為0.5-30%。
- 如請求項1或2所述的液晶組合物,其中該液晶組合物進一步包含一種或多種式V所示化合物,
- 如請求項4所述的液晶組合物,其中該一種或多種式V所示化合物選自V0-V25所示化合物組成的組:
- 如請求項1或2所述的液晶組合物,其中該液晶組合物進一步包含一種或多種式VI所示的化合物
- 一種包含如請求項1-9中任一項所述的液晶組合物的液晶顯示元件,其為主動矩陣顯示元件或被動矩陣顯示元件。
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