CN109401758A - 一种液晶化合物及液晶组合物 - Google Patents

一种液晶化合物及液晶组合物 Download PDF

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CN109401758A
CN109401758A CN201710704668.8A CN201710704668A CN109401758A CN 109401758 A CN109401758 A CN 109401758A CN 201710704668 A CN201710704668 A CN 201710704668A CN 109401758 A CN109401758 A CN 109401758A
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员国良
舒克伦
邵哲
张兴
程建明
张丽梅
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Shijiazhuang Chengzhi Yonghua Display Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了式Ⅰ所示液晶化合物,

Description

一种液晶化合物及液晶组合物
技术领域
本发明属于液晶材料技术领域,具体涉及一种高垂直介电正性液晶化合物、液晶组合物及其含有此类液晶的液晶显示器件。
背景技术
目前,液晶化合物的应用范围拓展的越来越广,其可应用于多种类型的显示器、电光器件、传感器等中。用于上述显示领域的液晶化合物的种类繁多,其中向列相液晶应用最为广泛。向列相液晶已经应用在无源TN、STN矩阵显示器和具有TFT有源矩阵的系统中。
对于薄膜晶体管技术(TFT-LCD)应用领域,近年来市场虽然已经非常巨大,技术也逐渐成熟,但人们对显示技术的要求也在不断的提高,尤其是在实现快速响应,降低驱动电压以降低功耗等方面。液晶材料作为液晶显示器重要的光电子材料之一,对改善液晶显示器的性能发挥重要的作用。
作为液晶材料,需要具有良好的化学和热稳定性以及对电场和电磁辐射的稳定性。而作为薄膜晶体管技术(TFT-LCD)用液晶材料,不仅需要具有如上稳定性外,还应具有较宽的向列相温度范围、合适的双折射率各向异性、非常高的电阻率、良好的抗紫外线性能、高电荷保持率以及低蒸汽压等性能。
对于动态画面显示应用,消除显示画面残影和拖尾,要求液晶具有很快的响应速度,因此要求液晶具有较低的旋转粘度γ1;另外,对于便携式设备,为了降低设备能耗,希望液晶的驱动电压尽可能低;而对于电视等用途的显示器来说,对于液晶的驱动电压要求不是那么的低。
液晶化合物的粘度,尤其是旋转粘度γ1直接影响液晶加电后的响应时间,不管是上升时间(ton)还是下降时间(toff),都与液晶的旋转粘度γ1成正比关系,上升时间(ton)由于与液晶盒和驱动电压有关,可以通过加大驱动电压的方法与降低液晶盒盒厚来调节;而下降时间(toff)与驱动电压无关,主要是与液晶的弹性常数与液晶盒盒厚有关,盒厚的趋薄会降低下降时间(toff),而不同显示模式下,液晶分子的运动方式不一样,TN、IPS、VA三种模式分别与平均弹性常数K、扭曲弹性常数、弯曲弹性常数成反比关系。
液晶分子引入一个二氟亚甲氧基连接基团(-CF2O-)后,会使液晶的旋转粘度γ1有所降低。另外由于二氟亚甲氧基桥(-CF2O-)的偶极矩的贡献,端基氟原子的偶极矩也有一定程度的提高,从而使液晶分子的介电各向异性△ε有所增加。已经公开了一些具有不同取代基的具有二氟亚甲氧基连接基团(-CF2O-)的液晶化合物(CN201210083535.0,CN201410764634.4,等)。但-CF2O-基团的引入会使液晶的清亮点大幅度降低。
依照液晶连续体理论,各种不同的液晶在外力(电场、磁场)作用下发生形变后,会通过分子间的相互作用,会“回弹”回原来的形状;同样的,液晶也是由于分子间的相互作用力形成“粘度”。液晶分子的微小变化,会使液晶的常规参数性能发生明显的变化,这些变化有的是有一定规律的,有的似乎不易找到规律,对于液晶分子间的相互作用也会产生明显的影响,这些影响非常微妙,至今也没有形成很完善的理论解释。
液晶的粘度与液晶分子结构有关,研究不同液晶分子形成的液晶体系的粘度与液晶分子结构之间的关系是液晶配方工程师的重要任务之一。
液晶面板能耗高的原因是只有大约5%左右的背光能够穿透显示器件,而被人眼捕获,绝大部分光是被“浪费”了的。如果能够开发出光穿透率高的液晶,即能够降低背光强度,从而实现节省能耗的目的,延长设备的使用时间。
液晶穿透率与液晶的垂直介电有直接关系。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新型式I所示液晶化合物,此类化合物具有正介电各向异性,同时具有高的垂直介电,具有良好的对光和热的稳定性,较低的粘度,可以通过改变结构获得较为宽泛的折射率,较高的清亮点。
本发明所提供的式I所示液晶化合物,
其中,R1表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基,且R1所述基团中任意一个或多个不相连的CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基、环丙基或-O-替代;
各自独立地表示或氟代苯;
n表示1、2、3或4;
Z0表示CF2O、CH2O、COO或单键。
当所述n表示2或3时,优选所述不全部表示
式I所示液晶化合物优选为式I 1-I 24所示化合物;
其中,R11各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-6的烷基、环戊基或环丙基甲基;
(F)各自独立地表示F或H。
式I所示化合物具有正性介电各向异性,较大的弹性常数,溶解性好。
本发明还提供一种液晶组合物,具有良好的对光和热的稳定性,较低的粘度,可以通过调节单体比例得到较为宽泛的折射率、较高的清亮点(很宽的使用温度范围),尤其是液晶组合物具有较高的光的穿透率,因而显示器件具有较高的亮度或是具有节能省电的效果。
包含有一种或多种前述式I所示化合物以及一种或多种式II所示化合物
式II所示化合物中,R2、R3各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基,且R2、R3所述基团中任意一个或多个不相连的CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基、环丙基或-O-替代;
各自独立地表示
m表示1或2。
式II化合物优选为式II 1-II 17所示化合物
其中,R2、R3各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基,且R2、R3所述基团中任意一个或多个不相连的CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基、环丙基或-O-替代。
所述液晶组合物中式I所示化合物总质量百分比含量优选为1-40%,进一步优选为5-30%;式II所示化合物总质量百分比含量优选为5-65%,进一步优选为25-60%。
式II所示化合物一般具有较低的粘度,较低的折射率,添加此类成分,有利于降低整个液晶混合物的粘度。
所述液晶组合物还可以包含一种或多种式III所示化合物
其中,R4表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基;且R4所示基团中任意个或多个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代;
各自独立地表示:
p表示1、2或3;
Z1、Z2各自独立地表示单键、-CF2O-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2O-;
Y2表示F、氟取代的碳原子数为1-5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2-5的链烯基。
式III所示化合物优选为III1-III22所示化合物
其中,X1、X2各自独立地表示H或F;
R4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基,且R4所示基团中任意个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代;(F)表示H或F;
Y2表示F、氟取代的碳原子数为1-5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2-5的链烯基。
添加式III所示化合物,可以进一步调节液晶混合物的介电各向异性、折射率、清亮点、弹性常数、粘度等,有利于拓宽液晶的参数范围。
所述液晶组合物还可以包含一种或多种式IV所示的化合物
其中,R5、R6各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基,且R5、R6所示基团中任一个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代;
Z3、Z4各自独立地表示单键、-CH2CH2-或-CH2O-;
各自独立地表示
h表示1、2或3;
i表示0或1。
式IV所示化合物优选为IV1-IV11化合物
其中,R5、R6各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基,且R5、R6所示基团中任一个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代。
添加式IV所示化合物,可以进一步调节液晶混合物的介电各向异性、折射率、清亮点、弹性常数、粘度等,有利于拓宽液晶的参数范围外,可以进一步提升液晶的垂直介电。
式I、II、III、IV、V、VI单个单体的最大添加量与环数目有关,环数目较多时,一般溶解性较差,也与单体的端烷基链有关,烷基的一般大于烷氧基,在碳原子数在1-5时相比,一般碳原子数较长时溶解性较好。
每种单体的性能各异,用以调节液晶的各种参数,来适应各种不同规格的液晶显示器件的需要。
合成路线:
碱:可以为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、氢化钠等;
溶剂:可以为THF、DMF、丙酮等。
式I液晶化合物具有较大的的液晶分子长轴平行方向、垂直方向的介电各向异性,而长轴平行方向大于垂直方向的介电各向异性,总体表现为正性;同时具有较高的清亮点CP、良好的对光、热的稳定性、较大的弹性常数,尤其是K33等优点。
本发明还涉及包含所述式I液晶化合物、由式I、II、III、IV、V、VI组合形成的液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器,所述液晶显示元件或液晶显示器为有源矩阵显示元件或显示器,或者无源矩阵显示元件或显示器。
显示元件或显示器可以是TN、ECB、VA、IPS、FFS、PS-TN、PS-VA、PS-IPS、PS-FFS等模式。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径而得。
反应过程一般通过TLC监控反应的进程,反应结束的后处理一般是水洗、提取、合并有机相后干燥、减压下蒸除溶剂,以及重结晶、柱层析,本领域的技术人员都能够按照下面的描述来实现本发明。
本说明书中的百分比为质量百分比,温度为摄氏度(℃),其他符号的具体意义及测试条件如下:
Cp表示液晶清亮点(℃),DSC定量法测试;
Δn表示光学各向异性,no为寻常光的折射率,ne为非寻常光的折射率,测试条件为25±2℃,589nm,阿贝折射仪测试;
Δε表示介电各向异性,Δε=ε//,其中,ε//为平行于分子轴的介电常数,ε为垂直于分子轴的介电常数,测试条件为25±0.5℃,20微米平行盒,INSTEC:ALCT-IR1测试;
γ1表示旋转粘度(mPa·s),测试条件为25±0.5℃,20微米平行盒,INSTEC:ALCT-IR1测试;
T(%)表示透过率,T(%)=100%*亮态(Vop)亮度/光源亮度,测试设备DMS501,测试条件为25±0.5℃,测试盒为3.3微米IPS测试盒,电极间距和电极宽度均为10微米,摩擦方向与电极夹角为10°,因ε与T存在正相关性,所以考察透过率时,可用ε作为考察指标来指证。
本发明申请实施例液晶单体结构用代码表示,液晶环结构、端基、连接基团的代码表示方法见下表(一)、表(二)
表(一):环结构的对应代码
表(二):端基与链接基团的对应代码
举例:
CC-C(5)-V1
PGUQU-3-F
实施例1:
向250ml三口瓶中加入4.26g(1-A),30ml DMF,0.6g氢氧化钠,室温下搅拌反应20分钟,室温下滴加2.82g 1,1,2,3,3-五氟-3-碘丙烯的10ml DMF的溶液,反应12小时。
加入水100ml,石油醚萃取水相,水洗有机相,过硅胶柱,浓缩层析液到10ml,低温下结晶,得到3.33g白色晶体(1-B),收率60%,GC:99.92%。
Δε[1KHz,20℃]:11
ε:8.7
Δn[589nm,20℃]:0.144
Cp:55℃
Δε[1KHz,20℃]:13
ε:8.0
Δn[589nm,20℃]:0.200
Cp:114℃
对比参数:
Δε[1KHz,20℃]:22
ε:5.0
Δn[589nm,20℃]:0.198
Cp:114℃
对比化合物ε⊥大幅度下降
Δε[1KHz,20℃]:4.0
ε:5.5
Δn[589nm,20℃]:0.220
Cp:135℃
对比参数:
Δε[1KHz,20℃]:4.4
ε:5.5
Δn[589nm,20℃]:0.220
Cp:105℃
对比化合物CP大幅下降
实施例2:
对比例1:
对比例ε显著下降,穿透率下降4%。
实施例3:
实施例4:
实施例5:
实施例6:
非常适合于正性IPS、FFS模式的显示器。
本发明液晶组合物具有良好的对光和热的稳定性,较低的粘度,可以调节得到较为宽泛的折射率、较高的清亮点(很宽的使用温度范围),尤其是具有较高的光的穿透率,因而显示器件具有较高的亮度或是具有节能省电的效果。

Claims (11)

1.式Ⅰ所示液晶化合物,
其中,R1表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基,且R1所述基团中任意一个或多个不相连的CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基、环丙基或-O-替代;
各自独立地表示或氟代苯;
n表示1、2、3或4;
Z0表示CF2O、CH2O、COO或单键。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶化合物,其特征在于,当所述n表示2或3时,所述不全部表示
3.根据权利要求1所述的液晶化合物,其特征在于,所示式Ⅰ所示液晶化合物为式Ⅰ1-Ⅰ14所示化合物;
其中,R11各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-6的烷基、环戊基或环丙基甲基;
(F)各自独立地表示F或H。
4.一种液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述液晶组合物包含有一种或多种权利要求1中式Ⅰ所示化合物以及一种或多种式Ⅱ所示化合物
其中,R2、R3各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基,且R2、R3所述基团中任意一个或多个不相连的CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基、环丙基或-O-替代;
各自独立地表示
m表示1或2。
5.根据权利要求4所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述式Ⅱ所示化合物为式Ⅱ1-Ⅱ17所示化合物
其中,R2、R3各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基,且R2、R3所述基团中任意一个或多个不相连的CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基、环丙基或-O-替代。
6.根据权利要求4所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述液晶组合物中式Ⅰ所示化合物总质量百分比含量为1-40%,式Ⅱ所示化合物总质量百分比含量为5-65%。
7.根据权利要求4所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅲ所示化合物
其中,R4表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基;且R4所示基团中任意个或多个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代;
各自独立地表示:
p表示1、2或3;
Z1、Z2各自独立地表示单键、-CF2O-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2O-;
Y2表示F、氟取代的碳原子数为1-5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2-5的链烯基。
8.根据权利要求7所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述一种或多种式Ⅲ所示化合物为Ⅲ1-Ⅲ22化合物
其中,X1、X2各自独立地表示H或F;
R4各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基,且R4所示基团中任意个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代;(F)表示H或F;
Y2表示F、氟取代的碳原子数为1-5的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-5的烷氧基或碳原子数为2-5的链烯基。
9.根据权利要求4所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述液晶组合物还包含一种或多种式Ⅳ所示的化合物
其中,R5、R6各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基,且R5、R6所示基团中任一个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代;
Z3、Z4各自独立地表示单键、-CH2CH2-或-CH2O-;
各自独立地表示
h表示1、2或3;
i表示0或1。
10.根据权利要求9所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述式Ⅳ所示的化合物为Ⅳ1-Ⅳ11所示化合物
其中,R5、R6各自独立地表示碳原子数为1-10的烷基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、氟取代的碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、氟取代的碳原子数为2-10的链烯基、碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基或氟取代的碳原子数为3-8的链烯氧基,且R5、R6所示基团中任一个CH2可以被环戊基、环丁基或环丙基替代。
11.一种包含权利要求1所述液晶化合物或权利要求4所述液晶组合物的液晶显示元件或液晶显示器,其特征在于,所述液晶显示元件或液晶显示器为有源矩阵显示元件或显示器,或者无源矩阵显示元件或显示器。
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