TWI725688B - 半導體結構及其製造方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 59
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
一種半導體結構及其製造方法。所述半導體結構包括基底以及設置於所述基底上的III-V族化合物層。所述III-V族化合物層中具有彼此上下連通的n個溝槽,且n ≥ 2。在所述n個溝槽中,最上方的第1溝槽的寬度至最下方的第n溝槽的寬度為遞減的,且所述第n溝槽暴露出所述基底的一部分。
Description
本發明是有關於一種半導體結構及其製造方法,且特別是有關於一種可釋放III-V族化合物層與基板之間的應力的半導體結構及其製造方法。
由於III-V族化合物具有高能量間隙、高導熱及化學穩定性等特性,因此一直受到積極地研究,且近年來已廣泛用於高電子遷移率電晶體(high electron mobility transistors,HEMT)、蕭特基能障二極體(Schottky barrier diode,SBD)等元件中。
然而,當在矽基底上磊晶成長III-V族化合物層之後,由於III-V族化合物層與矽基底之間的晶格不匹配(mismatch),因此會在III-V族化合物層與矽基底之間的界面處產生應力,因而容易導致所形成的結構受損。
本發明提供一種半導體結構,其可釋放III-V族化合物層與基底之間的應力。
本發明提供一種半導體結構的製造方法,其用以製造上述的半導體結構。
本發明的半導體結構包括基底以及設置於所述基底上的III-V族化合物層。所述III-V族化合物層中具有彼此上下連通的n個溝槽,且n ≥ 2。在所述n個溝槽中,最上方的第1溝槽的寬度至最下方的第n溝槽的寬度為遞減的,且所述第n溝槽暴露出所述基底的一部分。
在本發明的半導體結構的一實施例中,所述第n溝槽暴露出所述基底的表面。
在本發明的半導體結構的一實施例中,所述第n溝槽延伸至所述基底中。
在本發明的半導體結構的一實施例中,所述n個溝槽中的每一溝槽的側壁與所述基底的表面之間的夾角介於30°至90°之間。
在本發明的半導體結構的一實施例中,所述n個溝槽具有總深度D,且所述n個溝槽中的每一溝槽的深度介於D/n ± 50%之間。
在本發明的半導體結構的一實施例中,所述III-V族化合物層包括氮化鎵層。
本發明的半導體結構的製造方法包括以下步驟:提供基底;於基底上形成III-V族化合物層;以及於所述III-V族化合物層中依序形成彼此上下連通的n個溝槽,且n ≥ 2。在所述n個溝槽中,最上方的第1溝槽的寬度至最下方的第n溝槽的寬度為遞減的,且所述第n溝槽暴露出所述基底的一部分。
在本發明的半導體結構的製造方法的一實施例中,所述第n溝槽暴露出所述基底的表面。
在本發明的半導體結構的製造方法的一實施例中,所述第n溝槽延伸至所述基底中。
在本發明的半導體結構的製造方法的一實施例中,所述n個溝槽中的每一溝槽的側壁與所述基底的表面之間的夾角介於30°至90°之間。
在本發明的半導體結構的製造方法的一實施例中,所述n個溝槽具有總深度D,且所述n個溝槽中的每一溝槽的深度介於D/n ± 50%之間。
在本發明的半導體結構的製造方法的一實施例中,所述III-V族化合物層包括氮化鎵層。
在本發明的半導體結構的製造方法的一實施例中,按照所述第1溝槽至所述第n溝槽的順序形成所述n個溝槽。
基於上述,在本發明中,於III-V族化合物層中形成彼此上下連通的多個溝槽,且最下方的溝槽暴露出基底的一部分,亦即這些溝槽穿透III-V族化合物層,因此可以有效地釋放III-V族化合物層與基底之間的應力。
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
圖1A至圖1C為依據本發明實施例所繪示的半導體結構的製造流程剖面示意圖。首先,請參照圖1A,提供基底100。基底100例如是矽基底。接著,於基底100上形成III-V族化合物層102。III-V族化合物層102例如為氮化鎵層。III-V族化合物層102的形成方法例如是進行磊晶成長製程。在本實施例中,III-V族化合物層102具有厚度D。此外,在本實施例中,III-V族化合物層102具有單層結構,但本發明不限於此。在其他實施例中,III-V族化合物層102也可以具有多層結構。
當III-V族化合物層102形成於基底100上之後,由於III-V族化合物層102與基底100之間的晶格不匹配,因此在III-V族化合物層102與基底100之間的界面處會產生應力。如此一來,後續所形成的元件容易因應力的影響而受損。特別是,當上述問題發生於晶片中的主要元件區時,往往導致整個晶片報廢而造成生產成本增加。因此,本發明致力於釋放因晶格不匹配而產生的應力,以下將對此進行詳細說明。
接著,請參照圖1B,於III-V族化合物層102中形成第一溝槽104。第一溝槽104的底部位於III-V族化合物層102中,亦即第一溝槽104不穿透III-V族化合物層102。在本實施例中,第一溝槽104具有深度d1。第一溝槽104的形成方法例如是進行圖案化製程,其詳細步驟為本領域技術人員所熟知,於此不另行說明。
之後,請參照圖1C,於第一溝槽104的底部所暴露出的III-V族化合物層102中形成第二溝槽106。在本實施例中,第二溝槽106暴露出基底100的表面,亦即第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106穿透III-V族化合物層102。第二溝槽106的形成方法例如是進行圖案化製程,其詳細步驟為本領域技術人員所熟知,於此不另行說明。第二溝槽106具有深度d2。也就是說,在本實施例中,第一溝槽104的深度d1與第二溝槽106的深度d2的總和即為III-V族化合物層102的厚度D。此外,由於第二溝槽106形成於第一溝槽104的底部所暴露出的III-V族化合物層102中,因此第二溝槽106的寬度小於第一溝槽104的寬度。如此一來,在第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106的側壁處可形成階梯結構。所述階梯結構可避免後續形成的金屬層殘留,下文將對此進行說明。
在本實施例中,由於形成於III-V族化合物層102中的第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106穿透III-V族化合物層102,因此可以有效地釋放III-V族化合物層102與基底100之間因晶格不匹配所產生的應力,且進而可避免後續所形成的元件因應力的影響而受損。
在本實施例中,先於III-V族化合物層102中形成具有較大寬度的第一溝槽104,再形成具有較小寬度的第二溝槽106,因此可避免第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106之間對準失誤的問題。若先形成具有較小寬度的第二溝槽106,再形成具有較大寬度的第一溝槽104,由於第二溝槽106的尺寸較小,因此不易於將第一溝槽104形成於所需的位置。
此外,在本實施例中,第一溝槽104的深度d1與第二溝槽106的深度d2各自為III-V族化合物層102的第一溝槽104的深度d1與第二溝槽106的深度d2的總和(在本實施例中可視為厚度D)的一半,但本發明不限於此,只要第一溝槽104的深度d1與第二溝槽106的深度d2各自介於(深度d1與深度d2的總和的一半)± 50%之間即可。換句話說,當III-V族化合物層102中形成2個凹槽時,每一個凹槽的深度皆介於(深度d1與深度d2的總和)/2 ± 50%之間。
由於III-V族化合物層102中的2個凹槽的側壁處具有階梯結構且深度d1與深度d2各自介於(深度d1與深度d2的總和的一半)± 50%之間,因此當後續的膜層形成於III-V族化合物層102上且覆蓋階梯結構時,藉由蝕刻製程可輕易地完全移除階梯結構上的膜層,避免階梯結構上存在殘留物。特別是,當上述的膜層為金屬層時,若蝕刻製程之後仍有金屬層殘留於階梯結構上,在對其他元件(尤其是高壓元件)的操作過程中會於這些殘留的金屬層處產生感應電流,因而對元件效能造成影響。
在本實施例中,第二溝槽106暴露出基底100的表面,但本發明不限於此。在其他實施例中,第二溝槽106也可以延伸至基底100中。以下將對此進行說明。
圖2為依據本發明另一實施例所繪示的半導體結構的剖面示意圖。在本實施例中,與圖1相同的元件將以相同的元件符號表示,且將不再對其進行說明。
請參照圖2,在本實施例中,第二溝槽106延伸至基底100中。此時,由於III-V族化合物層102中形成有2個溝槽,因此第一溝槽104的深度d1與第二溝槽106的深度d2仍各自介於(深度d1與深度d2的總和)/2 ± 50%之間。
也就是說,不論第二溝槽106暴露出基底100的表面或是延伸至基底100中,第一溝槽104的深度d1與第二溝槽106的深度d2皆必須介於(深度d1與深度d2的總和)/2 ± 50%之間,以有效地避免在後續製程中膜層殘留於由第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106所形成的階梯結構上。
此外,在上述各實施例中,第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106的側壁皆垂直於基底100的平面,但本發明不限於此。
圖3為依據本發明另一實施例所繪示的半導體結構的剖面示意圖。在本實施例中,與圖1相同的元件將以相同的元件符號表示,且將不再對其進行說明。
請參照圖3,在本實施例中,第一溝槽104的側壁與基底100的表面之間的夾角θ1介於30°至90°之間,且第二溝槽106的側壁與基底100的表面之間的夾角θ2介於30°至90°之間。也就是說,第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106皆具有傾斜的側壁。當第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106具有傾斜的側壁時,可更有效地避免在後續製程中膜層殘留於由第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106所形成的階梯結構上。
在第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106具有傾斜的側壁的情況下,第二溝槽106亦可暴露出基底100的表面或是延伸至基底100中(如圖2所示)。
在上述各實施例中,III-V族化合物層102中形成有2個凹槽,但本發明不限於此。在其他實施例中,可視實際需求而於III-V族化合物層102中形成更多個凹槽。
圖4為依據本發明另一實施例所繪示的半導體結構的剖面示意圖。在本實施例中,與圖1相同的元件將以相同的元件符號表示,且將不再對其進行說明。
請參照圖4,在本實施例中,III-V族化合物層102中形成有第一溝槽104、第二溝槽106與第三溝槽108,且第三溝槽108位於第一溝槽104與第二溝槽106之間。第三溝槽108的寬度小於第一溝槽104的寬度,且大於第二溝槽106的寬度。也就是說,最上方的溝槽的寬度至最下方的溝槽的寬度為遞減的。此外,第二溝槽106暴露出基底100的表面,亦即第一溝槽104、第二溝槽106與第三溝槽108穿透III-V族化合物層102。由於形成於III-V族化合物層102中的第一溝槽104、第二溝槽106與第三溝槽108穿透III-V族化合物層102,因此可以有效地釋放III-V族化合物層102與基底100之間因晶格不匹配所產生的應力,且進而可避免後續所形成的元件因應力的影響而受損。
此外,在本實施例中,III-V族化合物層102中形成有3個凹槽,因此每一個凹槽的深度皆介於(3個凹槽的總深度)/3 ± 50%之間。也就是說,第一溝槽104的深度d1、第二溝槽106的深度d2以及第三溝槽108的深度d3皆介於(深度d1、深度d2與深度d3的總和)/3 ± 50%之間,以有效地避免在後續製程中膜層殘留於由第一溝槽104、第二溝槽106與第三溝槽108所形成的階梯結構上。
同樣地,在其他實施例中,第一溝槽104、第二溝槽106與第三溝槽108皆可具有傾斜的側壁,且第二溝槽106亦可延伸至基底100中(如圖2所示)。
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可作些許的更動與潤飾,故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100:基底
102:III-V族化合物層
104:第一溝槽
106:第二溝槽
108:第三溝槽
D:厚度
d1、d2、d3:深度
θ1、θ2:夾角
圖1A至圖1C為依據本發明實施例所繪示的半導體結構的製造流程剖面示意圖。
圖2為依據本發明另一實施例所繪示的半導體結構的剖面示意圖。
圖3為依據本發明另一實施例所繪示的半導體結構的剖面示意圖。
圖4為依據本發明另一實施例所繪示的半導體結構的剖面示意圖。
100:基底
102:III-V族化合物層
104:第一溝槽
106:第二溝槽
D:厚度
d1、d2:深度
Claims (11)
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體結構,其中所述第n溝槽暴露出所述基底的表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體結構,其中所述第n溝槽延伸至所述基底中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體結構,其中所述n個溝槽中的每一溝槽的側壁與所述基底的表面之間的夾角介於30°至90°之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體結構,其中所述III-V族化合物層包括氮化鎵層。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的半導體結構的製造方法,其中所述第n溝槽暴露出所述基底的表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的半導體結構的製造方法,其中所述第n溝槽延伸至所述基底中。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的半導體結構的製造方法,其中所述n個溝槽中的每一溝槽的側壁與所述基底的表面之間的夾角介於30°至90°之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的半導體結構的製造方法,其中所述III-V族化合物層包括氮化鎵層。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的半導體結構的製造方法,其中按照所述第1溝槽至所述第n溝槽的順序形成所述n個溝槽。
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