TWI710860B - 複合週期性目標結構 - Google Patents
複合週期性目標結構 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI710860B TWI710860B TW106110992A TW106110992A TWI710860B TW I710860 B TWI710860 B TW I710860B TW 106110992 A TW106110992 A TW 106110992A TW 106110992 A TW106110992 A TW 106110992A TW I710860 B TWI710860 B TW I710860B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- target
- pitch
- elements
- design
- auxiliary
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70605—Workpiece metrology
- G03F7/70681—Metrology strategies
- G03F7/70683—Mark designs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0002—Lithographic processes using patterning methods other than those involving the exposure to radiation, e.g. by stamping
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70491—Information management, e.g. software; Active and passive control, e.g. details of controlling exposure processes or exposure tool monitoring processes
- G03F7/705—Modelling or simulating from physical phenomena up to complete wafer processes or whole workflow in wafer productions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70605—Workpiece metrology
- G03F7/70616—Monitoring the printed patterns
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70605—Workpiece metrology
- G03F7/70616—Monitoring the printed patterns
- G03F7/70625—Dimensions, e.g. line width, critical dimension [CD], profile, sidewall angle or edge roughness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70605—Workpiece metrology
- G03F7/70616—Monitoring the printed patterns
- G03F7/70633—Overlay, i.e. relative alignment between patterns printed by separate exposures in different layers, or in the same layer in multiple exposures or stitching
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70605—Workpiece metrology
- G03F7/706843—Metrology apparatus
- G03F7/706849—Irradiation branch, e.g. optical system details, illumination mode or polarisation control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7073—Alignment marks and their environment
- G03F9/7076—Mark details, e.g. phase grating mark, temporary mark
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7088—Alignment mark detection, e.g. TTR, TTL, off-axis detection, array detector, video detection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/30—Circuit design
- G06F30/39—Circuit design at the physical level
- G06F30/398—Design verification or optimisation, e.g. using design rule check [DRC], layout versus schematics [LVS] or finite element methods [FEM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
- H01L22/10—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process
- H01L22/12—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process for structural parameters, e.g. thickness, line width, refractive index, temperature, warp, bond strength, defects, optical inspection, electrical measurement of structural dimensions, metallurgic measurement of diffusions
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Preparing Plates And Mask In Photomechanical Process (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201662318086P | 2016-04-04 | 2016-04-04 | |
| US62/318,086 | 2016-04-04 | ||
| WOPCT/US16/60626 | 2016-11-04 | ||
| ??PCT/US16/60626 | 2016-11-04 | ||
| PCT/US2016/060626 WO2017176314A1 (en) | 2016-04-04 | 2016-11-04 | Process compatibility improvement by fill factor modulation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201800873A TW201800873A (zh) | 2018-01-01 |
| TWI710860B true TWI710860B (zh) | 2020-11-21 |
Family
ID=60001339
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW106110992A TWI710860B (zh) | 2016-04-04 | 2017-03-31 | 複合週期性目標結構 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10579768B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP3440511B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP6952711B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR102788661B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN109073981B (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL261879B (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TWI710860B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2017176314A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11112704B2 (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2021-09-07 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Mitigation of inaccuracies related to grating asymmetries in scatterometry measurements |
| WO2018226215A1 (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-13 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Reticle optimization algorithms and optimal target design |
| US10628544B2 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2020-04-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Optimizing integrated circuit designs based on interactions between multiple integration design rules |
| US20190250504A1 (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-08-15 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Reduction or elimination of pattern placement error in metrology measurements |
| CN112789557A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-05-11 | 科磊股份有限公司 | 不对称像差的估计 |
| WO2020169419A1 (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-27 | Asml Holding N.V. | Metrology system, lithographic apparatus, and method |
| US11378394B1 (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-07-05 | Kla Corporation | On-the-fly scatterometry overlay metrology target |
| CN117546100B (zh) * | 2021-12-17 | 2025-05-02 | 科磊股份有限公司 | 用于改进目标置放准确度的叠加目标设计 |
| US12411420B2 (en) * | 2023-09-29 | 2025-09-09 | Kla Corporation | Small in-die target design for overlay measurement |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020131055A1 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-09-19 | Xinhui Niu | Method and apparatus for the determination of mask rules using scatterometry |
| US20070082277A1 (en) * | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-12 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Process margin using discrete assist features |
| TW201527901A (zh) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-07-16 | Asml Netherlands Bv | 檢查方法、微影裝置、光罩及基板 |
| US20160061589A1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Metrology method, target and substrate |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6303252B1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2001-10-16 | United Microelectronics Corp. | Reticle having assist feature between semi-dense lines |
| TW512424B (en) * | 2000-05-01 | 2002-12-01 | Asml Masktools Bv | Hybrid phase-shift mask |
| TW479157B (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2002-03-11 | Asm Lithography Bv | Mask for use in a lithographic projection apparatus and method of making the same |
| US6519760B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2003-02-11 | Asml Masktools, B.V. | Method and apparatus for minimizing optical proximity effects |
| SG108975A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2005-02-28 | Asml Netherlands Bv | Marker structure for alignment or overlay to correct pattern induced displacement, mask pattern for defining such a marker structure and lithographic projection apparatus using such a mask pattern |
| SG111289A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-30 | Asml Masktools Bv | A method for performing transmission tuning of a mask pattern to improve process latitude |
| WO2005069082A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Differential critical dimension and overlay metrology apparatus and measurement method |
| JP4634849B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-12 | 2011-02-16 | 株式会社東芝 | 集積回路のパターンレイアウト、フォトマスク、半導体装置の製造方法、及びデータ作成方法 |
| US7925486B2 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2011-04-12 | Kla-Tencor Technologies Corp. | Computer-implemented methods, carrier media, and systems for creating a metrology target structure design for a reticle layout |
| US7911612B2 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2011-03-22 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Inspection method and apparatus, lithographic apparatus, lithographic processing cell and device manufacturing method |
| KR100880232B1 (ko) | 2007-08-20 | 2009-01-28 | 주식회사 동부하이텍 | 미세 마스크 및 그를 이용한 패턴 형성 방법 |
| JP2009109581A (ja) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-05-21 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JP5529391B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-21 | 2014-06-25 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | ハーフトーン型位相シフトマスク、そのハーフトーン型位相シフトマスクを有する半導体装置の製造装置、およびそのハーフトーン型位相シフトマスクを用いた半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JP5627394B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2014-11-19 | キヤノン株式会社 | マスクのデータ及び露光条件を決定するためのプログラム、決定方法、マスク製造方法、露光方法及びデバイス製造方法 |
| US8913237B2 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-12-16 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Device-like scatterometry overlay targets |
| WO2015009619A1 (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-22 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Producing resist layers using fine segmentation |
| US9053284B2 (en) | 2013-09-04 | 2015-06-09 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Method and system for overlay control |
| KR102169557B1 (ko) * | 2014-01-15 | 2020-10-26 | 케이엘에이 코포레이션 | 다중 패터닝된 타겟에서의 피치 워크의 오버레이 측정 |
| NL2017300A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-03-01 | Asml Netherlands Bv | Method and apparatus for measuring a parameter of a lithographic process, substrate and patterning devices for use in the method |
| CN109073980B (zh) * | 2015-12-17 | 2021-06-18 | Asml荷兰有限公司 | 量测设备的调节或基于已测量目标的特性而由量测设备进行的测量 |
-
2016
- 2016-11-04 KR KR1020187031153A patent/KR102788661B1/ko active Active
- 2016-11-04 JP JP2018552155A patent/JP6952711B2/ja active Active
- 2016-11-04 EP EP16898139.7A patent/EP3440511B1/en active Active
- 2016-11-04 CN CN201680084437.5A patent/CN109073981B/zh active Active
- 2016-11-04 US US15/502,950 patent/US10579768B2/en active Active
- 2016-11-04 WO PCT/US2016/060626 patent/WO2017176314A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-03-31 TW TW106110992A patent/TWI710860B/zh active
-
2018
- 2018-09-20 IL IL261879A patent/IL261879B/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020131055A1 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-09-19 | Xinhui Niu | Method and apparatus for the determination of mask rules using scatterometry |
| US20070082277A1 (en) * | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-12 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Process margin using discrete assist features |
| TW201527901A (zh) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-07-16 | Asml Netherlands Bv | 檢查方法、微影裝置、光罩及基板 |
| US20160061589A1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Metrology method, target and substrate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3440511A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
| KR102788661B1 (ko) | 2025-03-28 |
| JP6952711B2 (ja) | 2021-10-20 |
| US10579768B2 (en) | 2020-03-03 |
| CN109073981B (zh) | 2021-09-24 |
| IL261879B (en) | 2021-01-31 |
| IL261879A (en) | 2018-10-31 |
| JP2019517017A (ja) | 2019-06-20 |
| KR20180123156A (ko) | 2018-11-14 |
| CN109073981A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
| EP3440511B1 (en) | 2024-03-06 |
| EP3440511A4 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
| TW201800873A (zh) | 2018-01-01 |
| WO2017176314A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
| US20180157784A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TWI710860B (zh) | 複合週期性目標結構 | |
| US9341939B1 (en) | Transmission balancing for phase shift mask with a trim mask | |
| US7475383B2 (en) | Method of fabricating photo mask | |
| US8291354B2 (en) | Merging sub-resolution assist features of a photolithographic mask | |
| US20060200790A1 (en) | Model-based SRAF insertion | |
| US20090061362A1 (en) | Semiconductor device manufacturing method using double patterning and mask | |
| US20090125870A1 (en) | System and method for making photomasks | |
| TWI427498B (zh) | 使用逆成像法之模型為基的協助特性置放 | |
| US7424699B2 (en) | Modifying sub-resolution assist features according to rule-based and model-based techniques | |
| US9753364B2 (en) | Producing resist layers using fine segmentation | |
| US20090053624A1 (en) | Modifying Merged Sub-Resolution Assist Features of a Photolithographic Mask | |
| US20090276735A1 (en) | System and Method of Correcting Errors in SEM-Measurements | |
| US8910090B2 (en) | Methods involving pattern matching to identify and resolve potential non-double-patterning-compliant patterns in double patterning applications | |
| US7765516B2 (en) | System and method for making photomasks | |
| US7229722B2 (en) | Alternating phase shift mask design for high performance circuitry | |
| Sakajiri et al. | Model-based SRAF insertion through pixel-based mask optimization at 32nm and beyond | |
| KR102447611B1 (ko) | 레티클 최적화 알고리즘들 및 최적의 타겟 설계 | |
| US20070231711A1 (en) | System and method for making photomasks | |
| Meiring et al. | ACLV driven double-patterning decomposition with extensively added printing assist features (PrAFs) | |
| Kong et al. | Sub-resolution assist feature (sraf) study for active area immersion lithography |