TWI694322B - 電壓調整器 - Google Patents

電壓調整器 Download PDF

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TWI694322B
TWI694322B TW106100550A TW106100550A TWI694322B TW I694322 B TWI694322 B TW I694322B TW 106100550 A TW106100550 A TW 106100550A TW 106100550 A TW106100550 A TW 106100550A TW I694322 B TWI694322 B TW I694322B
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nmos transistor
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磯部禎久
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日商艾普凌科有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/565Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/468Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc characterised by reference voltage circuitry, e.g. soft start, remote shutdown
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/561Voltage to current converters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/575Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices characterised by the feedback circuit
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/08Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc
    • G05F3/10Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
    • G05F3/16Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
    • G05F3/20Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations
    • G05F3/22Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations wherein the transistors are of the bipolar type only

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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)

Abstract

本發明提供一種低消耗電流且穩定動作的、瞬態響應性佳的電壓調整器。本發明採用在瞬態響應改善電路與電壓放大電路之間設置延遲電路的結構。

Description

電壓調整器
本發明是有關於一種低消耗電流且響應性佳的電壓調整器(voltage regulator)。
藉由充電式的電池(battery)而動作的行動電話等電子機器設有電壓調整器,以使得即使電池的充電狀態發生變動,電子機器亦能穩定地動作。而且,電壓調整器使得即使負載急遽地變動而輸出電壓也不發生變動,電子機器能穩定地動作,但亦有時設有用於使電壓調整器的輸出電壓進一步穩定的控制電路。
圖3是習知的電壓調整器30的電路圖。基準電壓電路31輸出基準電壓Vref。電阻32與電阻33輸出對輸出端子的輸出電壓Vout進行電阻分割而成的反饋(feedback)電壓VFB。電壓放大電路34根據對基準電壓Vref與反饋電壓VFB進行比較的結果來控制PMOS(P-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor,P通道金屬氧化物半導體)電晶體35,以使輸出電壓Vout變得固定。瞬態響應改善電路36輸入基準電壓Vref與電源電壓,對電壓放大電路34的動作電流進行控制。
瞬態響應改善電路36包含對電源電壓的變動進行檢測的檢測部與輸出部,檢測電源電壓的變動,從而對流至電壓放大電路34的動作電流進行控制。電壓放大電路34根據所檢測出的電源電壓位準(level)而使電流增加,從而電壓放大電路34的瞬態響應特性得以改善。
圖4是習知的瞬態響應改善電路與電壓放大電路的電路圖。瞬態響應改善電路36包括:定電流部,包含PMOS電晶體1、PMOS電晶體2;檢測部,包含NMOS電晶體3、NMOS電晶體4及電容6,對電源電壓的變動進行檢測;以及輸出部,包含NMOS電晶體5。
瞬態響應改善電路36檢測電源電壓的變動,從而對流至電壓放大電路34的電流進行控制。電壓放大電路34根據所檢測出的電源電壓的下降位準而使動作電流增加,即,瞬態響應得以改善(例如參照專利文獻1)。 [現有技術文獻] [專利文獻]
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2006-18774號公報 [發明所欲解決之課題]
然而,所述瞬態響應改善電路無法任意設定在檢測出電源電壓的變動而使電壓放大電路的動作電流增加後,使電壓放大電路的動作電流恢復至平時的時機(timing)。因而,存在下述缺點:在瞬態響應的中途,電壓放大電路的動作電流恢復至平時,從而無法獲得最佳的瞬態響應特性。 進而,所述瞬態響應改善電路存在下述缺點:當所檢測出的電源電壓的電壓下降位準大時,使電壓放大電路的動作電流過度增加,從而導致電壓放大電路的動作變得不穩定。
本發明是為了解決如上所述的課題而進行研究者,實現一種具備最佳的瞬態響應特性的電壓調整器。 [解決課題之手段]
為了解決以往的課題,本發明的電壓調整器採用如下所述的結構。 一種電壓調整器,其特徵在於包括: 電壓放大電路,對與輸出電晶體的輸出電壓相應的反饋電壓和基準電壓進行比較,從而控制所述輸出電晶體; 瞬態響應改善電路,檢測電源電壓或所述輸出電壓的變動;以及 延遲電路,設於所述瞬態響應改善電路的輸出端子, 根據所述瞬態響應改善電路所輸出的信號,來控制所述電壓放大電路的動作電流。 [發明的效果]
根據本發明的電壓調整器,藉由在瞬態響應改善電路與電壓放大電路之間具備延遲電路,從而具有可使電壓放大電路的瞬態響應特性最佳化的效果。
圖1是本實施形態的電壓調整器的電路圖。 電壓調整器10具備基準電壓電路11、作為反饋電阻的電阻12及電阻13、電壓放大電路14、作為輸出電晶體的PMOS電晶體15、瞬態響應改善電路16及延遲電路17。
基準電壓電路11輸出基準電壓Vref。電阻12與電阻13輸出對輸出端子的輸出電壓Vout進行電阻分割而成的反饋電壓VFB。電壓放大電路14根據對基準電壓Vref與反饋電壓VFB進行比較的結果來控制PMOS電晶體15,以使輸出電壓Vout變得固定。瞬態響應改善電路16輸入基準電壓Vref與輸出電壓Vout,對電壓放大電路14的動作電流進行控制。
圖2是表示本實施形態的瞬態響應改善電路、延遲電路與電壓放大電路的一例的電路圖。 瞬態響應改善電路16具備對電源電壓的變動進行檢測的檢測部、及對檢測部供給定電流的定電流部。
定電流部包含電流鏡(current mirror)電路,該電流鏡電路包含PMOS電晶體161及PMOS電晶體162。PMOS電晶體161及PMOS電晶體162藉由對閘極(gate)電極施加的基準電壓Vref而使規定的定電流流動,從而對檢測部供給定電流。
檢測部包含:NMOS電晶體163及NMOS電晶體164,將彼此的閘極電極予以連接;電容165,用於對與NMOS電晶體163及NMOS電晶體164的閘極連接的輸出端子的輸出電壓Vout進行監控(monitor);以及第1反相器(inverter),包含NMOS電晶體167與定電流源166,該檢測部對輸出電壓Vout的變動進行檢測。NMOS電晶體167的汲極(drain)成為瞬態響應改善電路16的輸出端子。
延遲電路17包含第2反相器及電容173,所述第2反相器包含PMOS電晶體171及定電流源172,該延遲電路17使從瞬態響應改善電路16輸出的信號延遲。
PMOS電晶體171的閘極連接有瞬態響應改善電路16的輸出端子,汲極連接有定電流源172與電容173。PMOS電晶體171的汲極成為延遲電路17的輸出端子。
電壓放大電路14具備:差動放大部,包含構成電流鏡電路的PMOS電晶體141及PMOS電晶體142與作為差動對的NMOS電晶體143及NMOS電晶體144;以及定電流源145,對差動放大部供給動作電流。進而,具備對差動放大部追加供給動作電流的NMOS電晶體146與定電流源147。
串聯連接的NMOS電晶體146及定電流源147、與定電流源145是並聯連接。NMOS電晶體146的閘極連接有延遲電路17的輸出端子。
以下,對本實施形態的電壓調整器10的動作進行說明。 當輸出端子的輸出電壓Vout無變動時,瞬態響應改善電路16的檢測部的NMOS電晶體163、NMOS電晶體164導通,使定電流部所供給的固定的電流流動。由於NMOS電晶體164的源極(source)接地,因此,此時的NMOS電晶體164的汲極電壓低於NMOS電晶體167的閾值。因而,NMOS電晶體167斷開,藉由定電流源166,NMOS電晶體167的汲極、即瞬態響應改善電路16的輸出端子成為大致電源電壓。
延遲電路17由於PMOS電晶體171斷開,因此電容173藉由定電流源172而放電,輸出接地電壓。 因而,NMOS電晶體146斷開,因此電壓放大電路14藉由定電流源145所供給的動作電流而動作。
當輸出端子的輸出電壓Vout發生變動時,在瞬態響應改善電路16的檢測部的電容165中,蓄積與輸出電壓Vout的變動量和NMOS電晶體163及NMOS電晶體164的閘極電壓相應的電荷。
當輸出電壓Vout下降時,NMOS電晶體163及NMOS電晶體164的閘極電壓亦對應於輸出電壓Vout而下降。當NMOS電晶體163及NMOS電晶體164的閘極電壓變低時,NMOS電晶體163及NMOS電晶體164將斷開,因此NMOS電晶體164的汲極的電壓上升。因而,NMOS電晶體167導通,NMOS電晶體167的汲極、即瞬態響應改善電路16的輸出端子成為大致接地電壓。
延遲電路17由於PMOS電晶體171導通,因此電容173受到充電,因此輸出電源電壓。 因而,NMOS電晶體146導通,因此電壓放大電路14藉由定電流源145與定電流源147所供給的動作電流來動作。即,電壓放大電路14使動作電流增加,瞬態響應得以改善。
例如,若NMOS電晶體164包含閾值電壓0.3 V的電晶體,NMOS電晶體163包含閾值電壓0.5 V的電晶體,則NMOS電晶體163及NMOS電晶體164的閘極電位成為0.5 V以上。此時,為了使NMOS電晶體164斷開,輸出電壓Vout的變動位準必須為大致0.2 V。這是因為,若輸出電壓Vout的變動位準小,則不需要使電壓放大電路14的動作電流增加。
以上說明的NMOS電晶體的閾值電壓僅為一例,可根據輸出電壓Vout的檢測位準來適當設定閾值電壓或者PMOS電晶體161及PMOS電晶體162各自的電流等。
進而,根據本實施形態,藉由調整延遲電路17的電容173的電容值、定電流源172的電流值、PMOS電晶體171的大小,從而可任意設定延遲時間。
而且,本實施形態的電壓調整器10採用了藉由定電流源147來使電壓放大電路14的動作電流增加的結構,因此即使在輸出電壓的下降位準大等時,亦不會使動作電流過度增加,而能使電壓放大電路14穩定動作。
如以上所說明,根據本發明的電壓調整器,藉由在瞬態響應改善電路16與電壓放大電路14之間具備延遲電路17,從而具有可使電壓放大電路14的瞬態響應特性最佳化的效果。
另外,以上的記載中,以對輸出電壓Vout的變動進行檢測的情況進行了說明,但顯而易見的是,在檢測電源電壓的變動的情況下亦可獲得同樣的效果。
1、2、8、9、15、35、141、142、161、162、171:PMOS電晶體
3、4、5、7、18、19、143、144、146、163、164、167:NMOS電晶體
6、165、173:電容
10、30:電壓調整器
11、31:基準電壓電路
12、13、32、33:電阻
14、34:電壓放大電路
16、36:瞬態響應改善電路
17:延遲電路
145、147、166、172:定電流源
VFB:反饋電壓
Vout:輸出電壓
Vref‧‧‧基準電壓
圖1是本實施形態的電壓調整器的電路圖。 圖2是表示本實施形態的電壓調整器的瞬態響應改善電路、延遲電路與電壓放大電路的一例的電路圖。 圖3是習知的電壓調整器的電路圖。 圖4是習知的瞬態響應改善電路與電壓放大電路的電路圖。
10‧‧‧電壓調整器
11‧‧‧基準電壓電路
12、13‧‧‧電阻
14‧‧‧電壓放大電路
15‧‧‧PMOS電晶體
16‧‧‧瞬態響應改善電路
17‧‧‧延遲電路
VFB‧‧‧反饋電壓
Vout‧‧‧輸出電壓
Vref‧‧‧基準電壓

Claims (1)

  1. 一種電壓調整器,其特徵在於包括:電壓放大電路,對與輸出電晶體的輸出電壓相應的反饋電壓和基準電壓進行比較,從而控制所述輸出電晶體;瞬態響應改善電路,具有電容,所述電容連接到輸出所述輸出電壓的輸出端子,所述瞬態響應改善電路檢測所述輸出電壓的變動;以及延遲電路,設於所述瞬態響應改善電路的輸出端子,當所述輸出電壓降低時,所述瞬態響應改善電路的所述輸出端子成為接近接地電壓,所述延遲電路輸出電源電壓,根據所述瞬態響應改善電路所輸出的信號,來控制所述電壓放大電路的動作電流。
TW106100550A 2016-01-15 2017-01-09 電壓調整器 TWI694322B (zh)

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US20170205842A1 (en) 2017-07-20
US9933798B2 (en) 2018-04-03

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