TWI688333B - Chinese medicine medium for improving nutrient composition of flammulina velutipes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine medium for improving nutrient composition of Flammulina velutipes, which comprises: 18 to 28 parts by weight of wood chips, 40 to 50 parts by weight of rice bran, 18 to 28 parts by weight of corn cob, 5 to 13 parts by weight of bran, 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, and 2 to 8 parts by weight of Chinese medicinal material powder; wherein the Chinese medicinal material powder is selected from the group consisting of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Taraxacum formosanum Kitamura, and Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bre.

Description

Chinese medicine culture medium for enhancing nutritional composition of Flammulina velutipes and preparation method thereof

The invention relates to a medium for cultivating Flammulina velutipes and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, it relates to a Chinese medicine medium capable of enhancing the nutritional value of Flammulina velutipes.

Flammulina velutipes contains many beneficial ingredients for human health, such as protein, vitamin B1, vitamin C, nucleosides, cellulose, various essential amino acids and polysaccharides, and so on. Flammulina velutipes also contains many inorganic elements, such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, potassium, etc., can supplement the trace elements needed by the human body. Flammulina velutipes has other advantages besides rich nutrients, such as easy cultivation, fast reproduction, short growth cycle, cheap price, convenient cooking, and very delicious.

Trace elements refer to the elements below one ten thousandth of the body weight, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo) , Cobalt (Co), fluorine (F), etc. Although the content of trace elements in the human body is very small, it plays a very important role in maintaining various physiological functions. For example, iron can form heme. Zinc can enhance growth and development, reproductive ability, wound healing and improve immune function. Copper can produce oxidative enzymes and promote collagen production. Manganese can help bone formation, maintenance Supports brain functioning and forms various coenzymes. Therefore, ingesting various trace elements has many benefits for the body.

Among them, copper, manganese, and zinc are the key elements for the synthesis of antioxidant enzyme-superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the body. Cu/Zn-SOD exists in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of animal cells, and Mn-SOD exists in animals. Intracellular mitochondria. In previous studies, it was found that Cu/Zn-SOD in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a mutated type, presumably because of Cu/Zn-SOD mutation This causes ALS to occur, which in turn affects motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. In addition, when studying Mn-SOD-knockout mice, their life span is very short. They die of dilated cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration shortly after birth. It can be known that Mn-SOD is resistant to cancer cells. Oxidant-induced damage and apoptosis play an important role and are considered to be a tumor suppressor protein. This shows the importance of Mn-SOD to the body. Therefore, the intake of copper, manganese, and zinc has become a very important issue.

In the cultivation and propagation of Flammulina velutipes, solid medium is widely used, convenient, and also a highly successful cultivation method. In general, the definition of a solid medium is that a medium that shows a solid state at room temperature (25°C) is called a solid medium. The cultivation of Flammulina velutipes using solid medium has the advantages of space saving, rapid growth, easy harvest, high survival rate and so on. The solid culture medium can also be sold directly in a vacuum bag, so that the general public can cultivate it at home.

However, the nutritional content of Flammulina velutipes artificially cultivated on the medium is almost fixed, and it lacks other trace elements that are beneficial to the human body, so it cannot give the human body a more comprehensive nutritional supplement. Therefore, how to improve the composition of the culture medium so that Flammulina velutipes can carry trace elements required by the human body has become a problem that researchers in the field hope to solve.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a Chinese medicine culture medium for enhancing the nutritional components of Flammulina velutipes and its preparation method. To solve the problem that the trace elements contained in Flammulina velutipes are not comprehensive enough.

Based on the above objective, the present invention provides a Chinese medicine medium for enhancing the nutritional content of Flammulina velutipes, which includes: 18 to 28 parts by weight of wood chips, 40 to 50 parts by weight of rice bran, 18 to 28 parts by weight of corn cob, and 5 to 13 parts by weight Bran, 0.5-2 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, and 2-8 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine powder; wherein the Chinese herbal medicine powder is selected from the group consisting of Huangqi, Houttuynia cordata, Dandelion and Banlangen.

Preferably, the wood chips are broad-leaved wood chips.

Preferably, the pH value of the culture medium is between 6~6.5.

The invention also provides a method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine medium for enhancing the nutritional content of Flammulina velutipes, comprising: providing a matrix part, comprising: 18 to 28 parts by weight of wood chips, 40 to 50 parts by weight of rice bran, and 18 to 28 parts by weight of corn cobs , 5 to 13 parts by weight of bran, 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, and 2 to 8 parts by weight of Chinese medicinal material powder; wherein the Chinese medicinal material powder is selected from the group consisting of Huangqi, Houttuynia cordata, Dandelion and Banlangen Group; add moisture to the matrix part, adjust the moisture to 63~64% by weight, and then put it into a high temperature resistant plastic bottle. Form a breathable circular hole in the center of the matrix part after adding moisture to penetrate the matrix part, and arrange a plurality of plants on the periphery of the matrix part on average The round hole is used to inoculate Flammulina velutipes; sterilize the high-temperature resistant plastic bottle containing the matrix part.

Preferably, the wood chips are broad-leaved wood chips.

Preferably, the pH of the matrix portion after adding water is between 6~6.5.

With the above technical features, the traditional Chinese medicine medium for improving the nutritional content of Flammulina velutipes and the method for manufacturing the same have the following advantages:

(1) By adding Chinese medicine powder to the culture medium, the content of trace elements in Flammulina velutipes can be increased.

(2) Eating Flammulina velutipes with trace elements and nutrients can promote good health.

(3) The content of glutamic acid of Flammulina velutipes cultivated by this medium is increased, adding umami.

10: medium

20: High temperature resistant plastic bottle

30: breathable round hole

40: Planting a round hole

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a traditional Chinese medicine culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is the glutamic acid content of Flammulina velutipes cultured with various Chinese medicine culture media according to the embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 3 is the sodium content of Flammulina velutipes cultured with various Chinese medicine culture media according to embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 4 shows the manganese, copper and zinc contents of Flammulina velutipes cultured with various traditional Chinese medicine culture media according to examples of the present invention.

Fig. 5 shows the results of DPPH test after drying Flammulina velutipes cultivated using various traditional Chinese medicine media of the embodiments of the present invention at different temperatures, and then extracting the product with hot water.

Next, the steps and recipes for manufacturing the traditional Chinese medicine culture medium provided by the present invention will be described with actual examples and referring to FIG. 1. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a traditional Chinese medicine culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 (a) is a vertical cross-sectional view of a traditional Chinese medicine culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 1 (b) is a top view of a traditional Chinese medicine culture medium.

Composition ratio of traditional Chinese medicine medium

In an embodiment of the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine medium provided by the invention comprises:

Wood chips: 23 parts by weight

Rice bran: 45 parts by weight

Corncob: 23 parts by weight

Bran: 8 parts by weight

Calcium carbonate: 1 part by weight.

In addition, the Chinese medicinal materials used for addition to the culture medium 10 include the following four:

(1) Huangqi (Mongolia yellow) Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus

(2) Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

(3) Taraxacum (Taiwan Taraxacum) Taraxacum formosanum Kitamura

(4) Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bre.

Method for preparing Chinese medicine medium

(1) Prepare the above-mentioned parts by weight of dry materials of wood chips, rice bran, corn cob, bran, and calcium carbonate, and mix well.

(2) The Chinese medicinal materials Huangqi, Houttuynia cordata, Dandelion and Radix Isatidis are sifted and sieved (80 mesh).

(3) Add the traditional Chinese medicine powder to 2%, 4% and 8% by weight of the whole, and continue to mix evenly.

(4) Add water, adjust the water content to 63%~64%, and the pH value is between 6.2~6.4.

(5) After uniformly stirring the culture medium 10 again, put it into a high-temperature-resistant plastic bottle 20 with a volume of 1100 ml, and the weight of the bottle is 750 g (containing 275 g of culture medium in each bottle). After the average compaction, a medium through the medium 10 is formed Breathable circular holes 30 with a diameter of about 12 mm, about 13 mm, about 14 mm, about 15 mm or about 16 mm, so that the high temperature during sterilization is sufficient to penetrate the entire medium 10 to a complete Sterilization effect, and promote air circulation during cultivation. The diameter of the air-permeable circular hole 30 is preferably 14 mm.

(6) In the four directions around the center of the air-permeable round hole 30 above the medium 10 in the bottle, four planting round holes 40 with a diameter of about 8mm, about 9mm, about 10mm, about 11mm or about 12mm are arranged to facilitate inoculation of Flammulina velutipes , And make mycelium evenly distributed.

(7) After the high temperature and high pressure sterilization, the Chinese medicine culture medium of the embodiment of the present invention is completed. The high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization conditions may be 115-125°C, 1.1-1.3 kg/cm ² , 25-35 minutes, preferably 121°C, 1.2kg/cm ² , 30 minutes.

The wood chips of the above materials are preferably hardwood wood chips, because the resin contained in the conifer wood has a certain degree of antibacterial ability, which may cause growth inhibition to the Flammulina velutipes to be cultivated in this case. Therefore, wood chip wood chips are more suitable. Among them, It is best suited to oil tung wood and mountain jute.

All the above-mentioned Chinese medicinal materials are powdered with dried goods after sun drying, and the water content thereof is about 10%.

Flammulina velutipes using general culture medium and various traditional Chinese medicine culture medium was harvested after cultivating at 85-100% humidity, temperature 4-17°C for 25 days, and its composition was analyzed.

The environmental control conditions in different growth stages are as follows: each group of Chinese medicine medium is planted with strains and placed in the culture room, the room temperature is adjusted to 16 ℃ ~ 17 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is controlled at 95% ~ 100%, the carbon dioxide concentration is about Below 3000ppm, with proper ventilation and disturbance to make the environmental control conditions uniform. On the third day, the surface of the culture medium in the fungus bottle (bacterial bed), the hyphae returned to white from brown, and at this time, the white light began to be given. On the fifth day, the bacteria bed can observe a gray dot about the size of the needle, called the primitive, and increase the ventilation to reduce the humidity. On the 6th day, the gray primordium turned into a pale yellow state. On the 7th day, it turned into a more obvious yellow primordium. On the 8th day, there were accumulated fruit bodies, which began to cool down to 14°C. On the 9th day, the fruiting body began to branch. On the 10th day, the fruiting body will cover the hole in the middle and start to cool down to 10℃. On the fifteenth day, the fruiting body is about the same height as the bottle mouth and about three centimeters in height. On the 17th day, the fruiting body is about 1.5 cm higher than the bottle mouth. It is necessary to surround the fruiting body with non-absorbent material. On the 25th day, the fruiting body grows to about 15 cm in height and can be harvested.

The experimental results found that the cultivation medium containing four kinds of Chinese medicinal materials had no adverse effect on the growth appearance and weight of Flammulina velutipes fruiting bodies, and the growth height and weight of Flammulina velutipes cultivated in each group had a tendency to increase compared with the control group, including 2% The medium of Chinese herbal medicine powder has the best growth amount.

Then analyze the nutrients of different groups as shown in Table 1:

It can be seen from Table 1 that the common nutrients contained in the Flammulina velutipes samples cultivated with the traditional Chinese medicine medium of the present invention are not much different from the control group, but the fat and protein contents of the medium added with Huangqi are relatively Significantly improved.

Next, the glutamic acid content of each group of samples was tested by the national standard CNS 12632 test method of the Republic of China. The results are shown in Figure 2. It can be seen from Figure 2 that the samples of Flammulina velutipes using the traditional Chinese medicine medium of the present invention contain higher glutamic acid content than the control group, which means that the Flammulina velutipes cultivated using the traditional Chinese medicine medium of the present invention will be better when eaten. Umami.

In addition, the sodium content in each group of samples was tested by the international standard AOAC INTERNATIONAL- AOAC 2011.14 test method. The results are shown in Figure 3. Except that the Flammulina velutipes cultivated with the Chinese medicine medium added with dandelion is similar to the sodium content of the control group, the sodium content of the other groups is significantly lower than that of the control group. Therefore, it is not necessary to worry about ingesting too much sodium when consuming the enoki mushroom cultivated by the traditional Chinese medicine medium of the present invention.

Next, the content of trace elements manganese, copper and zinc contained in the samples of Flammulina velutipes in each group was tested. In this experiment, the international standard AOAC INTERNATIONAL- AOAC 2011.14_ test method was also used to detect the content of trace elements. The comparison of trace element contents of Flammulina velutipes samples in each group is shown in Figure 4.

It can be seen from Figure 4 that the manganese content of Flammulina velutipes using the Chinese medicine medium with Radix Isatidis is similar to the control group, while the manganese content of Flammulina velutipes using the Chinese medicine medium with dandelion, Houttuynia cordata, and Huangqi is slightly higher than that of the control group. At the same time, the copper content of Flammulina velutipes using the traditional Chinese medicine medium supplemented with dandelion and isatis root was similar to that of the control group, and the copper content of Flammulina velutipes using the traditional Chinese medicine medium supplemented with Huangqi was slightly higher than that of the control group. The copper content was significantly higher than the control group. In addition, the zinc content of Flammulina velutipes using the Chinese medicine medium supplemented with dandelion, yellow sage and isatis root It is similar to the control group, but the zinc content of Flammulina velutipes using the Chinese medicine medium supplemented with Houttuynia cordata is higher than the control group.

It can be seen that the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes with Chinese medicine medium supplemented with dandelion, Houttuynia cordata, and Huang Chi can increase the manganese content of Flammulina velutipes; when the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes supplemented with Chinese medicine medium supplemented with Houttuynia cordata, Houttuynia cordata, can increase the copper in Flammulina velutipes. Content; When cultivating Flammulina velutipes using the traditional Chinese medicine medium of dandelion, Houttuynia cordata and Huangqi, it can increase the zinc content in Flammulina velutipes.

Since Flammulina velutipes itself is not easy to digest, the nutrients and trace elements in it can be extracted by boiling soup. There is no need to directly consume Flammulina velutipes, and there is no need to worry about its indigestibility and the lack of nutrients or trace elements.

In order to simulate the anti-oxidation ability of Flammulina velutipes hot water extract when the Flammulina velutipes soup is eaten, in the next experiment, the Flammulina velutipes was dried at different temperatures, and then extracted with hot water and subjected to DPPH removal experiment. To test its antioxidant capacity.

Before conducting the DPPH clearance experiment, first take 50 g of Flammulina velutipes cultivated in the control group and the traditional Chinese medicine medium, dry the Flammulina velutipes in the control group at 45 ℃ for 24 hours, and the Flammulina velutipes cultivated in the traditional Chinese medicine medium at 35, 45, 55, respectively 24 hours drying at ℃. And control the moisture content of Flammulina velutipes after drying at 10%.

DPPH removal experiment

Take 4.5 g of dried Flammulina velutipes and extract with 45 ml of hot water at 60°C for 30 minutes. Mix 1 ml of the extraction solution obtained in each group with 0.5 ml of 1 mM DPPH methanol solution and mix evenly. After 30 minutes of reaction in the dark, absorbance at a wavelength of 517 nm was measured with a spectrophotometer. Since DPPH radicals have a high absorption rate for light at a wavelength of 517 nm, when DPPH is removed by reaction with an antioxidant, its absorbance will decrease. In other words, the lower the absorbance, the higher the antioxidant capacity.

The results of the DPPH clearance experiment are shown in Figure 5. The control group was 10uM Trolox and no sample extraction solution was added. F0 is a group that does not use Flammulina velutipes cultivated with traditional Chinese medicine medium for drying at 45℃. It can be seen that it has significant antioxidant capacity. F1 is the group of Flammulina velutipes cultivated with traditional Chinese medicine medium and dried at 35℃. It can be seen that its antioxidant capacity is the best, which is obviously better than F0. F2 is a group of Flammulina velutipes cultivated with traditional Chinese medicine medium and dried at 45℃. It can be seen that it also has a strong antioxidant capacity. Although it is not as good as F1, it is obviously better than F0. F3 is a group of Flammulina velutipes cultivated with traditional Chinese medicine medium and dried at 55°C. It can be seen that although it has antioxidant capacity, it is not as good as F0. And F4 is the ultra-low temperature (-50 ℃) freeze-dried group.

It can be seen that Flammulina velutipes cultivated with traditional Chinese medicine medium can have better antioxidant capacity when dried at 45℃, while Flammulina velutipes cultivated with traditional Chinese medicine medium dried at 35℃ will have better resistance. Oxidizing ability.

In addition, it can be inferred that the use of high temperature drying (>45 ℃) may damage the antioxidant substances in Flammulina velutipes, and its antioxidant capacity decreases. Therefore, if the Flammulina velutipes cultivated using the traditional Chinese medicine medium can be dried at a low temperature, a better antioxidant effect can be obtained when it is eaten in a soup.

In addition to the above-mentioned drying method, frozen mushrooms can also be used to freeze the cell wall and then eat it in a soup. The cell wall is broken during the freezing process so that the trace elements and nutrients are more easily released Into the soup, so it can have better intake efficiency.

It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are by way of example, and the scope of the attached patent application is not limited to what has been specifically shown and described above. On the contrary, the scope of the present invention includes the combinations and sub-combinations of the various features described above, as well as the changes and modifications that those of ordinary knowledge in the art will think of when reading the foregoing description, and these changes and modifications are not disclosed in the prior art .

10: medium

20: High temperature resistant plastic bottle

30: breathable round hole

40: Planting a round hole

Claims (6)

A traditional Chinese medicine medium for enhancing the nutritional composition of Flammulina velutipes, which comprises: 18-28 parts by weight of wood chips, 40-50 parts by weight of rice bran, 18-28 parts by weight of corn cob, 5-13 parts by weight of bran, 0.5-2 A part of a matrix composed of calcium carbonate by weight and 2-8 parts by weight of a Chinese medicinal powder; wherein the Chinese medicinal powder is selected from the group consisting of Huangqi, Houttuynia cordata, dandelion and Banlangen; and a high temperature resistance The plastic bottle accommodates the matrix part, and a gas-permeable circular hole is formed in the center of the matrix part to penetrate the matrix part. The Chinese medicine culture medium as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the wood chips are broad-leaved wood chips. The Chinese medicine medium as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the pH value of the medium is between 6 and 6.5. A preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine medium for enhancing the nutritional content of Flammulina velutipes, comprising: providing a matrix part, comprising: 18-28 parts by weight of wood chips, 40-50 parts by weight of rice bran, 18-28 parts by weight of corn cobs, 5-13 Parts by weight of bran, 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, and 2 to 8 parts by weight of a Chinese medicinal powder; wherein the Chinese medicinal powder is selected from the group consisting of Huangqi, Houttuynia cordata, dandelion and Banlangen; Add water to the matrix part, adjust the moisture to 63~64% by weight, and put it into a high temperature resistant plastic bottle. A vent hole is formed in the center of the matrix part after adding moisture to penetrate the matrix part. A plurality of planting round holes are arranged on the periphery of the substrate part for inoculation of Flammulina velutipes; the high temperature resistant plastic bottle containing the substrate part is sterilized at 121°C, 1.2 kg/cm2, and 30 minutes. The method for preparing a Chinese medicine culture medium as described in item 4 of the patent application scope, wherein the wood chips are broad-leaved wood chips. The method for preparing a Chinese medicine culture medium as described in item 4 of the patent application scope, wherein the pH value of the matrix portion after adding water is between 6 and 6.5.

Images