TWI676967B - Earthquake instant warning method - Google Patents

Abstract

A real-time earthquake alert method is designed for the corresponding processing flow of an earthquake before, during, and after the earthquake. Before the earthquake, a mobile window-type transfer function is used during the earthquake. Establish a database of structural vibration characteristics; when the epicenter is at the epicenter, an immediate alarm procedure is performed to notify users of emergency evacuation on the spot and automatically control related equipment to reduce damage; damage conditions can be assessed on the building during the post-earthquake phase Provide a reference for users to return whether the building is safe.

Description

Earthquake instant warning method

An instant warning method for earthquakes, especially a method for immediately judging the degree of earthquake threats and making timely response measures to each degree of threats after obtaining seismic information using seismic sensors.

The current earthquake real-time alert method uses an information broadcasting platform to integrate earthquake information issued by the central or local government, and then sends the earthquake information to various communication equipment, such as the user's mobile phone, through the information broadcasting platform to notify the latest Earthquake news. Generally speaking, users only receive seismic information passively, and determine the corresponding behavior based on the content of the message, such as quickly escaping, shutting down gas, or no action. However, the user's judgment of the message and the impact of the actual earthquake may be different, which may lead to the loss of the prime time for immediate escape, or may be hindered during the escape process. In addition, in general, production equipment in operation can only be manually turned off by related power or protective equipment, which may cause more equipment and personnel casualties.

In order to solve the above problems, this creative department proposes a method of real-time earthquake warning, which uses multiple seismic sensors distributed in various places to detect the occurrence of an earthquake in real time. The data provided by the data center is used by the host to collect and convert the data. Make corresponding actions immediately, and strive to provide users and equipment with warnings and start corresponding emergency measures in a short time.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the method for creating real-time earthquake alerts includes the pre-seismic, epicentral, and post-earthquake phases, in which: A. In the pre-earthquake phase, a moving window-type conversion function is executed to create a structure for a building. Data of vibration characteristics; B. During the epicenter phase, an alarm procedure is performed, wherein the alarm procedure includes the following steps: (a) measuring a seismic event with a plurality of seismic sensors, each of which is installed in the building differently Floor, and a maximum acceleration sensing value, a stiffness reduction rate, and a P-wave maximum displacement sensing value are detected within a preset time after the occurrence of the earthquake event; (b) a host is used to receive the seismic induction The maximum acceleration sensing value, the stiffness reduction rate, and the P wave maximum displacement sensing value output by the controller, wherein at least one warning rule and control instructions corresponding to each warning rule are preset in the host, and the host is set at In the building; (c) the host judges the extent to which the host ’s area is threatened by the earthquake event, and the maximum acceleration sensing value, the stiffness reduction rate, and the P wave maximum displacement value; and Corresponding warning rules, and issuing corresponding control instructions according to the determined warning rules to control the plural devices in the building to generate warning actions; C. In the post-earthquake phase, execute a comparison procedure to judge the building Whether there is a risk of structural damage caused by the earthquake event.

Using the combination of these hosts, these seismic sensors, and the data center, the occurrence of an earthquake can be detected in real time, and then the data output by these seismic sensors and the data center can be used to aggregate and convert these hosts. In the short time from the occurrence of the earthquake to the location of these hosts, the degree of threat of the earthquake can be judged, and corresponding emergency protection measures can be activated for users and equipment, which can protect the safety of users and reduce the degree of damage to the equipment in real time.

10a ~ 10d‧‧‧earthquake sensor

21‧‧‧The first host

22‧‧‧Second Host

31‧‧‧Household appliances

32‧‧‧ production line equipment

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the real-time earthquake alert method of this creation.

Figure 2: Flow chart of this creation.

Figure 3: Schematic diagram of erection of seismic sensors in this creation.

The invention discloses an instant earthquake warning method, which is divided into three stages: a pre-earthquake stage, an epicenter stage, and a post-earthquake stage. These three stages are described separately below.

S101: pre-earthquake stage; please refer to FIG. 1. In the method of the present invention, a plurality of seismic sensors 10a-10d, at least one host and a data center 30 are used. The host includes a first host 21 and a second host 22; the seismic sensors 10a to 10d are connected to the first host 21, the second host 22, and the data center 30 in a wired or wireless manner, respectively. ; These seismic sensors 10a ~ 10d can be installed in different locations of the same building, or scattered in areas where earthquake events may occur. Before the earthquake occurs, they are used to monitor the building ’s movements of vehicles passing by and wind. The response under the load is collected by using a Transfer Function with Moving Window stored in these hosts 21 and 22, and a structure vibration characteristic data is established to determine whether the building structure is Affected by aging, shrinkage, creep or foundation subsidence, the vibration characteristics are changed; the data center 30 may include at least one server, wherein the server may be a server that provides seismic information in the Central Weather Bureau, or Cloud server providing seismic information.

S102: the epicenter stage; when an earthquake occurs, the seismic sensors 10a-10d will detect a maximum acceleration sensing value and a P-wave maximum displacement sensing value (P _D ).

The first host 21 and the second host 22 can be installed in any building or an indoor space in the building, and are connected to a plurality of devices in a wired or wireless manner, in a preferred embodiment. The equipment may be at least one equipment 31 or at least one production line equipment 32. Specifically, the household device 31 may be an electrical device, an escape light, an electronic door lock or a gas switch, and the production line device 32 may be a related electrical device required in a production process. In this embodiment, the first host 21 is installed in the home of a general user, and is connected to the home device 31 to control the home device 31. The second host 22 is installed in a factory building and connected to the production line. The equipment 32 is connected to control the production line equipment 32.

The first host 21 and the second host 22 each store at least one warning rule. For example, the at least one warning rule includes a first warning rule, a second warning rule, a third warning rule, and a building risk rule. The first warning rule stores a preset first threshold value of maximum acceleration, a first threshold value of maximum P-wave displacement, and a first threshold value of vibration; the second warning rule stores the first critical value of the production line equipment 32 A second threshold for maximum acceleration, a second threshold for P-wave maximum displacement, and a second threshold for seismic magnitude; the third warning rule stores a third threshold for seismic magnitude; the building risk rule stores the first 21 The seismic safety value, maximum acceleration safety value, P-wave maximum displacement safety value, and displacement safety value that the host or the second host 22 can withstand are shown in the following table:

Please refer to Figure 2. When an earthquake event occurs in a certain area, the seismic sensors 10a-10d will detect a maximum acceleration value and a P-wave maximum displacement value within three seconds after the earthquake event occurs. And the maximum acceleration sensing value and the P-wave maximum displacement sensing value are transmitted back to the first host 21 and the second host 22. The first host 21 and the second host 22 receive the maximum acceleration sensing value and the P-wave maximum displacement sensing value, and simultaneously receive epicenter information of the earthquake event output by the data center 30, where the epicenter information includes the The longitude, latitude, and depth of the epicenter of an earthquake event and the time when the earthquake event occurred. When the hosts 21, 22 receive the maximum acceleration sensing value, the P wave maximum displacement sensing value, and the epicenter information, the hosts 21, 22 will perform the following steps: (c1) calculate the The distance from the epicenter to the locations of these hosts 21 and 22 is converted using the latitude and longitude positions of these hosts 21 and 22 and the seismic sensors 10a to 10d; (c2) Calculate the shock waves generated by the earthquake event to reach these hosts 21 , 22, using the distance obtained in step c1 and a shock wave constant calculation (time = distance x shock wave constant) to provide users at the locations of these hosts 21, 22 with a buffer time before the arrival of the shock wave; (c3) calculation A predicted earthquake at the location of the host 21, 22, the host 21, 22 stores a seismic attenuation formula, where the seismic attenuation formula is: PGA = 1.657 * (e ^ (1.533 * M)) * (r ^ -1.607) * S

Where M is the Rui's scale, r is the distance from the source to the host, and S is the site effect factor.

Use the seismic attenuation formula to calculate the predicted magnitude of the host 21, 22; (c4) Based on the distances and predicted magnitudes obtained in steps c1 to c3 above, the hosts 21, 22 will determine the corresponding warning rule.

When the earthquake event occurs, the hosts 21, 22 will compare the maximum acceleration sensing value, the P-wave maximum displacement sensing value, and the predicted magnitude of the seismic event with the data stored by each warning rule. In this embodiment, when the maximum acceleration sensing value and the P-wave maximum displacement sensing value And when any value of the predicted magnitude is greater than the first threshold value of the maximum acceleration preset in the first warning rule, the P wave maximum displacement sensing first threshold value, and the magnitude first threshold value, the first host 21 will issue a warning sound and simultaneously send a first control instruction to control the home appliance 31, such as opening the escape door lock, opening the escape lamp, turning off the gas switch, and closing related electrical equipment to ensure that the user can Evacuation to the safety zone promptly and promptly and the safety during the evacuation process.

When any one of the maximum acceleration sensing value, the P-wave maximum displacement sensing value, and the predicted magnitude is greater than the second maximum acceleration corresponding to the second warning rule and the second maximum displacement of the P-wave When the value and the second critical value of the vibration degree, the second host 22 will issue a second control instruction, which is used to control the production line equipment 32 to perform corresponding actions, such as shutting down the production line equipment 32 Among them, the instrument is used to reduce the probability and extent of the instrument's damage during the earthquake, and to ensure that the instrument is less likely to affect other equipment in the event of damage due to the earthquake.

When the predicted magnitude is greater than the third critical value of the magnitude in the third warning rule, the hosts 21, 22 will detect the host 21 using the seismic sensors located in the same building as the hosts 21, 22 , A local value of the magnitude of the earthquake, a local value of the maximum acceleration, and a local value of the maximum displacement of the P wave, and record the local value of the earthquake magnitude, the local value of the maximum acceleration, and the local value of the maximum displacement of the P wave. The values in this building risk rule are compared.

In another embodiment of the present creation, each host 21, 22 is equipped with at least one seismic sensor 10a-10d, and in this embodiment, the seismic sensors 10a-10d can be installed in each host 21, 22, or It is installed in the same building as each of the main units 21 and 22. When the earthquake event occurs at the locations of the hosts 21, 22, the seismic sensors 10a-10d only detect the maximum acceleration sensing value and the P-wave maximum displacement sensing value of the seismic event. When any one of the maximum acceleration sensing value and the P wave maximum displacement sensing value is greater than the first threshold value of the maximum acceleration corresponding to the first warning rule or the first threshold value of the maximum displacement of the P wave, the The first host 21 will directly issue a warning sound and send the first control instruction to control the home device 31; and when the maximum acceleration sensing value and the P-wave maximum displacement sensing When any value of the measured value is greater than the second critical value of the maximum acceleration or the second critical value of the maximum displacement of the P wave in the second warning rule, the second host 22 also issues the second control instruction to The production line equipment 32 is controlled to perform corresponding actions.

Please refer to FIG. 3, the seismic sensors 10a-10d further measure the stiffness reduction rate of the building. The calculation method of the stiffness reduction rate is as follows: the seismic sensor 10a located on the roof measures the absolute acceleration Aar (t) of a roof on the roof, and the seismic sensor 10b located on the ground measures an absolute acceleration Ag of the ground (t), the hosts 21 and 22 respectively filter the absolute absolute acceleration Aar (t) of the roof and the absolute absolute acceleration Ag (t) of the ground and perform double integration to obtain a roof absolute displacement Dar (t) and a ground absolute, respectively. Displacement Dg (t), subtract the absolute displacement Dg (t) from the absolute displacement Dg (t) of the roof to obtain an inter-layer displacement Drr (t) (Drr (t) = Dar (t)- Dg (t)), the linear slope between the roof's absolute acceleration Aar (t) and the interlayer displacement Drr (t) is the stiffness, and a constant is used to subtract the stiffness and divide it by the stiffness. In order to obtain a stiffness reduction rate, as the stiffness reduction rate is greater, the building is more severely damaged; in this embodiment, the constant is equal to 1.0.

These seismic sensors 10a-10d further measure the maximum displacement between floors of a building. For example, in addition to erection of a seismic sensor 10a, 10b on the roof and on the ground, a seismic sensor 10c is also erected on the first floor. The seismic sensor 10c can also measure the first floor and the first floor absolute acceleration Aa1 ( t), and the absolute acceleration Aa1 (t) of the first floor is filtered and double integrated to obtain the absolute displacement Da1 (t) of the first floor. The absolute displacement Da1 (t) of the first floor is subtracted from the ground absolute displacement Dg (t ), You can get the inter-level displacement between the first floor and the ground. When any inter-layer displacement value exceeds a preset preset inter-layer displacement value, the hosts 21 and 22 will issue a warning sound.

S103: Perform a comparison procedure; after the earthquake in the post-earthquake phase, the hosts 21, 22 place the local value of the magnitude of the earthquake, the local value of the maximum acceleration, and the local value of the maximum displacement of the P wave with those corresponding to the building risk rules Seismic safety value, the maximum acceleration safety value, and the P-wave maximum displacement safety Compare the values, evaluate the degree to which the building where the first host 21 and the second host 22 are affected by the earthquake, and judge the dangerous situation of the building.

In addition, please refer to FIG. 3, the seismic sensors 10a, 10b can be respectively set on the top and bottom of the building, and the acceleration values sensed by the seismic sensors 10a, 10b can be converted into A top vibration frequency value and a bottom vibration frequency value, and the ratio between the bottom vibration frequency value and the top vibration frequency value is compared with a safe frequency ratio. When the ratio of the top vibration frequency value and the bottom vibration frequency value is much larger At the safe frequency ratio, the hosts 21, 22 will judge that the building is in a dangerous state.

In addition, the seismic sensors 10a, 10b can be set on the top and bottom of the building respectively, and the acceleration sensing values sensed by the seismic sensors 10a, 10b can be subtracted and integrated to obtain the building. The displacement value of one of the objects is compared with the displacement safety value in the building risk rule, where the displacement safety value in the building risk rule can be calculated according to the building height and the building's displacement tolerance ratio prescribed by each country Of it. When the displacement value is greater than the displacement safety value, each host 21, 22 determines that the building is in a dangerous state.

After the earthquake, the inter-layer displacement Drr (t) can be further transformed by the fast Fourier transform to obtain the inter-layer displacement frequency function Drr (w). The ground absolute acceleration Ag (t) can also be converted by the fast Fourier transformation to obtain a ground absolute The acceleration frequency function Ag (w), the inter-layer variable frequency function Drr (w) is divided by the ground absolute acceleration frequency function Ag (w) to obtain the moving window type conversion function H (w). The moving window-type transfer function can calculate the post-earthquake and post-earthquake structural property data of the building, and compare the post-earthquake structural property data with the structural vibration property data to determine whether the building is Damaged.

Use these seismic sensors to sense earthquakes in various places in real time, and then use the epicenter data provided by the data center to make judgments through the host and issue corresponding instructions in real time when an earthquake occurs. It can control the switching and movement of household appliances at the same time. Control the process of production equipment to ensure Users have time to escape when an earthquake occurs, and at the same time ensure that they can quickly and unhindered during the evacuation process, and allow such production equipment to take appropriate actions immediately in the event of an earthquake to reduce production equipment and its Damage to related facilities caused by the earthquake.

Claims (10)

A real-time earthquake warning method includes the pre-seismic, epicentral, and post-earthquake phases, wherein: A. During the pre-seismic phase, a moving window-type transfer function is performed to establish a structure vibration characteristic data for a building. B. In the epicenter phase, an alarm procedure is performed, wherein the alarm procedure includes the following steps: (a) measuring an earthquake event with a plurality of seismic sensors, each seismic sensor being installed on a different floor in the building, and A maximum acceleration sensing value, a stiffness reduction rate, and a P-wave maximum displacement sensing value are detected within a preset time after the earthquake event; (b) a host receives the output from the seismic sensor The maximum acceleration sensing value, the stiffness reduction rate, and the P-wave maximum displacement sensing value, wherein at least one warning rule and a control instruction corresponding to each warning rule are preset in the host, and the host is set in the building (C) The host judges the extent of the host ’s area threatened by the earthquake event and its response based on the maximum acceleration sensing value, the stiffness reduction rate, and the P wave maximum displacement value. Warning rules, and issue corresponding control instructions according to the determined warning rules to control the warning actions of the multiple equipment in the building; C. In the post-earthquake phase, execute a comparison procedure to determine whether the building is affected by There is a risk of structural damage due to the earthquake. According to the method for real-time earthquake warning described in claim 1, in step (b), the host further determines the corresponding warning rule of the host's area according to the following steps: (b1) According to the seismic attenuation stored in the host The formula estimates a predicted earthquake magnitude at the location of the host; based on the calculated predicted magnitude at the location of the host, the corresponding warning rule for the area where the host is located is determined. According to the instant earthquake warning method described in claim 2, in step (b), the at least one warning rule includes: storing a preset maximum acceleration threshold value and a P-wave maximum displacement threshold value. According to the method of real-time earthquake warning described in claim 3, when the maximum acceleration sensing value and the P wave maximum displacement sensing value of the earthquake event are respectively larger than the corresponding maximum acceleration threshold value and the P wave maximum displacement threshold value When any value, the host will issue a warning sound and send a corresponding control command, which is used to control at least one electrical equipment or at least one production line equipment. According to the method for real-time earthquake warning described in claim 4, in step (b), the host further obtains the epicenter information of the earthquake event from a data center, wherein the host is connected to the data center, and the data center is connected to the data center. Seismic sensors are connected, and the seismic sensors are connected to the host; the epicenter information includes the latitude, longitude, depth, and time of occurrence of the epicenter of the earthquake event. According to the method for real-time earthquake warning described in claim 5, step (b) further includes the following steps: (b2) Calculate the epicenter of the earthquake event to the location of the host according to the positions of the seismic sensors and the position of the host (B3) Calculate the time when the P wave generated by the earthquake event reaches the host ’s location based on the distance from the epicenter to the host ’s location and a seismic wave constant; based on the calculated distance from the epicenter to the host ’s location and the occurrence of the seismic event The time when the P wave arrives at the host's location and the predicted magnitude of the host's location, the corresponding warning rule for the area where the host is located is determined. According to the method for real-time earthquake warning described in claim 6, in step (b), the warning rule further includes a threshold value of the earthquake magnitude, when the maximum acceleration sensing value of the seismic event, the P-wave maximum displacement sensing value, and the When the predicted value of the seismic magnitude is corresponding to any one of the maximum acceleration threshold value, the P-wave displacement sensing value, and the seismic magnitude threshold value, the host will issue a warning sound and send the control command. According to the instant earthquake warning method described in claim 7, in step (c), the warning rule further includes: a building risk rule that stores a seismic safety value and a maximum acceleration safety that can be withstood by the building where the host computer is located. Value, a P-wave maximum displacement safety value, and a displacement safety value; an earthquake warning rule that stores an earthquake threshold; when the magnitude of the earthquake event is greater than the earthquake threshold, the host will store the local value of the earthquake event , The local value of the maximum acceleration and the local value of the maximum displacement of the P wave, and compare these data with the data of the building risk rule built in the host to determine whether the building where the host is located is affected by the earthquake event. There is a risk of structural damage; when an average displacement value caused by an earthquake event in the building where the host is located exceeds the displacement safety value, the host will record the average displacement value. According to the method for real-time earthquake warning described in claim 8, the data center includes a first server, and the first server is a server for providing seismic information in the Central Weather Bureau. According to the method for real-time earthquake warning described in claim 9, the data center includes a second server, and the second server is a cloud server that can provide seismic information.