TWI663044B - 層疊體和成型品的製造方法 - Google Patents
層疊體和成型品的製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI663044B TWI663044B TW107110738A TW107110738A TWI663044B TW I663044 B TWI663044 B TW I663044B TW 107110738 A TW107110738 A TW 107110738A TW 107110738 A TW107110738 A TW 107110738A TW I663044 B TWI663044 B TW I663044B
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- metal foil
- resin layer
- laminate
- laminated body
- laminated
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本發明提供一種適於拉深加工的金屬箔和樹脂層的層疊體。一種層疊體,是層疊有至少一片金屬箔和至少兩層樹脂層的、厚度為25~500μm的層疊體,其中,各金屬箔的兩面與樹脂層密合層疊,將依照JIS K7127:1999對層疊體進行拉伸試驗時的5%標稱應變中的標稱應力設為σY(MPa),將依照JIS K7127:1999對層疊體進行拉伸試驗時層疊體中的金屬箔斷裂的標稱應變中的標稱應力設為σb(MPa)時,60σY150、且1.4
Description
本發明涉及一種適於拉深加工的金屬箔和樹脂層的層疊體。另外,本發明還涉及一種使用了該層疊體的成型品的製造方法。
近年來,在全球範圍內對地球環境問題的關心的高漲,電動汽車及混合動力型汽車這種搭載了二次電池的顧及環境型汽車的普及得到推進。在這些汽車中較多是採用如下方式:通過逆變器將所搭載的二次電池產生的直流電流轉換成交流電流,之後將必需的電力供應給交流馬達,獲得驅動力。因逆變器的轉換行為等產生電磁波。另外,不侷限於汽車,包括通訊裝置、顯示器和醫療裝置在內的多種電氣、電子裝置都會發出電磁波。
電磁波有可能引起精密裝置的誤操作,另外,電磁波還會成為車載的音響裝置及無線裝置等的接收資訊的障礙。而且還擔心其對人體的影響。因此,人們採取了以下對策:利用將金屬板壓制成型而形成的電磁波屏蔽材料包覆逆變器等電氣、電子裝置(例如:日本特開2003-285002號公報)。
在許多電氣、電子裝置中都要求輕量化,在電磁波屏蔽材料中也不例外。為了實現輕量化,希望將金屬板變薄,但金屬板變薄時,延展性會下降,因此在成型程序中存在著金屬板斷裂等課題。於是,有人提出了以下技術:通過將金屬箔和樹脂層交替層疊,來提高電磁波屏蔽特性、輕量特性和成型性(例如:日本特開2017-5214號公報)。
作為將金屬箔和樹脂層的層疊體成型的方法,有拉深加工。拉深加工是指由一片金屬板成型成圓筒、角筒、圓錐等各種形狀的有底容器的加工法,認為即使在壓制成型中其難易度也是最高的。參照第1圖,在拉深加工中使用沖頭10、沖模12和稱作壓坯料環14的金屬模。在沖模平面和壓坯料環面,對坯料(被成型材料)16施加規定的力(防皺力)進行夾持,在此狀態下使沖頭10下降,將坯料16擠入沖模孔18中,從而將坯料16成型成有底形狀。
在拉深加工中,不僅是被成型材料的某一定面積伸長,被成型材料還從沖模孔周邊流入而成型。容器的底面部與沖頭密合受到約束,應變小,在容器側壁部的上方,板厚因被成型材料的流入而增加。在側壁部的下方,因施加拉伸應變,板厚減小,但與拉伸成型相比,板厚的減少小。另外,在流入的部分,當材料薄時會壓曲而形成皺褶。為了防止這種情況,需要增加防皺力。增加防皺力時,金屬模與被成型材料的摩擦也變大,流入阻力也變大,容易斷裂。因此,在薄的被成型材料、特別是厚度為500μ
m以下的被成型材料中防皺力小,在容器側壁產生皺褶,另一方面,若防皺力大,則存在著被成型材料斷裂的課題,無法增加板厚。
針對該課題,存在著以下技術:通過將金屬箔和樹脂層層疊,在金屬箔本身變薄的狀態下直接提高材料強度,與此同時調整樹脂層的動態摩擦係數,從而使拉深加工性提高。例如,日本專利第4580079號公報中記載著:通過在未拉伸熱縮性樹脂膜的表面設置高為0.1~25μ
m的微細凹凸,降低動態摩擦係數,提高深沖成型時的臨界高度。另外,在日本專利第5474678號公報中提出了:在不銹鋼箔的第1面形成熱熔合性聚烯烴系樹脂層,在第2面形成包含聚乙烯-氟樹脂顆粒的氨基甲酸酯樹脂層。通過使聚乙烯-氟樹脂顆粒分散在氨基甲酸酯樹脂層中以使表面的動態摩擦係數達到0.2以下,賦予了潤滑性,且拉深加工性提高。
先前技術文獻 專利文獻 專利文獻1:日本特開2003-285002號公報 專利文獻2:日本特開2017-5214號公報 專利文獻3:日本專利第4580079號公報 專利文獻4:日本專利第5474678號公報
技術問題 從輕量化的角度考慮,希望使用金屬箔和樹脂層的層疊體作為電磁波屏蔽材料,但為了進一步實現輕量化,希望是薄的金屬箔。特別是,使用薄的金屬箔進行拉深加工形成複雜形狀時,僅憑以往提出的調整動態摩擦力是無法應對的,要求進一步的技術改良。本發明鑒於上述情況而創作,其課題之一在於:提供一種適於拉深加工的金屬箔和樹脂層的層疊體。另外,本發明的另一課題之一在於:提供一種使用了這樣的層疊體的成型品、尤其是拉深加工品的製造方法。 解決問題的方案
對金屬箔單體施加拉伸應力時,其發生局部變形,而不是整體均勻地變形。應力集中於該局部變形而發生斷裂,因此延展性不高。另一方面,由於樹脂層容易整體均勻地變形,因此其延展性較金屬箔高。將金屬箔和樹脂層密合層疊時,樹脂層支撐著金屬箔,因此金屬箔也均勻變形,延展性提高,成型加工時的斷裂得到抑制。通過利用樹脂層支撐金屬箔的兩面,與利用樹脂層僅支撐金屬箔的單面相比,延展性進一步提高。
另外,在拉深加工中,根據被成型材料的流入阻力和與沖頭肩部接觸的被成型材料的強度的平衡,決定能否成型。流入阻力由防皺力和被成型材料的幾個特性(強度、表面的動態摩擦係數、r值)決定。如上所述,當為薄的被成型材料時,為了抑制皺褶的產生,需要提高防皺力,因此流入阻力超過與沖頭肩部接觸的被成型材料的強度,被成型材料往往會在沖頭肩部斷裂。然而,當降低防皺力時會產生皺褶,無法獲得外觀良好的成型品。
由於上述課題,無法通過拉深加工將薄的金屬箔成型,但本發明人反復進行了深入研究時發現:將金屬箔和樹脂層層疊得到的層疊體,當層疊體的5%應變應力和層疊體中的金屬箔的拉伸強度滿足規定的關係時,兼具低流入阻力和高強度,拉深加工性有所改善。本發明基於該認知而完成。
因此,本發明的一個方面涉及一種層疊體,其是層疊有至少一片金屬箔和至少兩層樹脂層的、厚度為25~500μ
m的層疊體,其中 各金屬箔的兩面與樹脂層密合層疊, 將依照JIS K7127:1999對層疊體進行拉伸試驗時的5%標稱應變中的標稱應力設為σY(MPa), 將依照JIS K7127:1999對層疊體進行拉伸試驗時層疊體中的金屬箔斷裂的標稱應變中的標稱應力設為σb(MPa)時,60≤σY≤150、且1.4≤σb/σY成立。 在本發明所涉及的層疊體的一實施方式中,層疊體的對數應變0.4中的r值(蘭克福特值,Lankford value)為0.7~4.0。
在本發明所涉及的層疊體的另一實施方式中,構成兩個最外層的樹脂層表面的動態摩擦係數為0.15~0.45。
在本發明所涉及的層疊體的又一實施方式中,各金屬箔與其兩面的樹脂層分別以0.2N/mm以上的黏合強度進行密合層疊。
在本發明所涉及的層疊體的又一實施方式中,各金屬箔的厚度為4~100μ
m。
在本發明所涉及的層疊體的又一實施方式中,各樹脂層的厚度為9~500μ
m。
在本發明所涉及的層疊體的又一實施方式中,各金屬箔與其兩面的樹脂層未通過黏合劑層、而是通過熱壓接進行密合層疊。
本發明的另一方面涉及一種成型品的製造方法,該方法包括:將本發明所涉及的層疊體成型。
在本發明所涉及的成型品的製造方法的一實施方式中,成型是通過拉深加工進行的。 發明效果
根據本發明,可得到拉深加工性優異的薄而輕的層疊體。該層疊體進行成型後可用作各種外部裝飾包材,除此之外,因其構成要素中包含金屬箔,所以還可適合用作電氣、電子裝置的電磁波屏蔽材料。
(1. 金屬箔) 作為構成本發明所涉及的層疊體的金屬箔的材料,沒有特別限定,從提高對交流磁場及交流電場的屏蔽特性的角度考慮,較佳導電性優異的金屬材料。具體而言,較佳由電導率為1.0×106
S/m(20℃的值。下同。)以上的金屬形成,更佳金屬的電導率為10.0×106
S/m以上,更進一步較佳為30.0×106
S/m以上,最佳為50.0×106
S/m以上。作為這樣的金屬,可以列舉電導率為約9.9×106
S/m的鐵、電導率為約14.5×106
S/m的鎳、電導率為約39.6×106
S/m的鋁、電導率為約58.0×106
S/m的銅、以及電導率為約61.4×106
S/m的銀。考慮到電導率和成本這兩者,在實用性上較佳採用鋁或銅。構成本發明所涉及的層疊體的金屬箔可以均為相同的金屬,也可以每層使用不同的金屬。另外,還可以使用含有上述金屬的合金。
金屬箔表面可以形成有各種表面處理層,以達到促進黏合、耐環境性、耐熱和防鏽等目的。例如,當金屬面作為最外層時,為了提高所必需的耐環境性、耐熱性,可以實施鍍Au、鍍Ag、鍍Sn、鍍Ni、鍍Zn、鍍Sn合金(Sn-Ag、Sn-Ni、Sn-Cu等)、鉻酸鹽處理等。可以將這些處理組合起來。從成本方面考慮,較佳鍍Sn或者鍍Sn合金。另外,為了提高金屬箔與樹脂層的密合性,可以實施鉻酸鹽處理、粗化處理、鍍Ni等。可以將這些處理組合起來。粗化處理容易獲得密合性,故較佳。另外,為了提高對直流磁場的屏蔽效果,可以設置比磁導率高的金屬層。作為比磁導率高的金屬層,可以列舉鍍Fe-Ni合金、鍍Ni等。
使用銅箔時,從屏蔽性能提高的角度考慮,較佳純度高的銅箔,純度較佳為99.5品質%以上,更佳為99.8品質%以上。作為銅箔,可以使用軋製銅箔、電解銅箔、金屬化的銅箔等,但較佳使用彎曲性和成型加工性(成型加工性包括拉深加工性。下同。)優異的軋製銅箔。在銅箔中添加合金元素而形成銅合金箔時,較佳這些元素與不可避免的雜質的總含量不足0.5品質%。特別是,當銅箔中含有總計為200~2000品質ppm的選自Sn、Mn、Cr、Zn、Zr、Mg、Ni、Si和Ag的至少1種以上時,伸展性較相同厚度的純銅箔有所提高,因此較佳。
構成本發明所涉及的層疊體的金屬箔,其每一片的厚度較佳為4μ
m以上。不足4μ
m時難以處理,而且金屬箔的延展性顯著降低,層疊體的成型加工性有時會不充分。另外,當每一片金屬箔的厚度不足4μ
m時,為了獲得優異的電磁波屏蔽效果而需要層疊多個金屬箔,因此還存在著製造成本上升的問題。從這個角度考慮,每一片金屬箔的厚度更佳為10μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為15μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為20μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為25μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為30μ
m以上。另一方面,當每一片金屬箔的厚度超過100μ
m時,強度變得過高,輕量化的效果減小,因此每一片金屬箔的厚度較佳為100μ
m以下,更佳為50μ
m以下,更進一步較佳為45μ
m以下,更進一步較佳為40μ
m以下。
構成層疊體的金屬箔可以是一片,但從提高成型加工性和屏蔽性能的角度考慮,較佳將構成層疊體的多片金屬箔通過樹脂層進行層疊,從雖然減小金屬箔的總厚度但仍確保優異的電磁波屏蔽特性的角度考慮,更佳通過樹脂層層疊三片以上的金屬箔。通過通過樹脂層層疊三片以上的金屬箔,即使金屬箔的總厚度相同,但與單層金屬箔的情形及通過樹脂層層疊兩片金屬箔的情形相比,屏蔽效果也會顯著提高。即使將金屬箔彼此直接重疊,因金屬箔的總厚度增加,故屏蔽效果也會提高,但無法獲得顯著的提高效果。即,通過樹脂層層疊多片構成層疊體的金屬箔時,可以減小獲得相同的電磁波屏蔽效果所需的金屬箔的總厚度,因此可以謀求兼具層疊體的輕量化和電磁波屏蔽效果。
認為這是由於:因金屬箔間存在樹脂層,故電磁波的反射次數增加,電磁波衰減。然而,雖然金屬箔的層疊片數多者電磁波屏蔽特性提高,但若增加層疊片數,則層疊工序增加,因此導致製造成本增加,另外,屏蔽提高效果也趨於飽和,因此構成層疊體的金屬箔較佳為五片以下,更佳為四片以下。
因此,在本發明所涉及的層疊體的一實施方式中,可以將金屬箔的總厚度設為100μ
m以下,還可以設為80μ
m以下,還可以設為60μ
m以下,還可以設為40μ
m以下。另外,在本發明所涉及的層疊體的一實施方式中,可以將金屬箔的總厚度設為4μ
m以上,還可以設為8μ
m以上,還可以設為12μ
m以上,還可以設為16μ
m以上。 (2. 樹脂層)
通常,與金屬箔相比,樹脂層的延展性高。因此,通過用樹脂層支撐各金屬箔的兩面,金屬箔的延展性顯著提高,層疊體的成型加工性顯著提高。即使將金屬箔彼此直接重疊,也無法獲得成型加工性的提高效果。
作為樹脂層,在獲得優異的電磁波屏蔽效果方面,較佳與金屬箔的阻抗差大者。為了產生大的阻抗差,要求樹脂層的介電常數小,具體而言,較佳為10(20℃的值。下同。)以下,更佳為5.0以下,更進一步較佳為3.5以下。原理上,介電常數不會小於1.0。通常獲取的材料,即使其介電常數低,也會在2.0左右,即使低於2.0以上而接近1.0,屏蔽效果的上升也會受限,另一方面,材料本身特殊,故價格高。考慮到兼具成本和效果,介電常數較佳為2.0以上,更佳為2.2以上。
作為構成樹脂層的材料,從加工性的角度考慮,較佳合成樹脂。另外,作為構成樹脂層的材料,可以使用膜狀材料。樹脂層中還可以混入碳纖維、玻璃纖維和芳綸纖維等纖維強化材料。作為合成樹脂,從獲取的容易度及加工性的角度考慮,可以列舉:PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、PEN(聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯)和PBT(聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)等聚酯;聚乙烯和聚丙烯等烯烴系樹脂;聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、液晶聚合物、聚縮醛、氟樹脂、聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、有機矽樹脂、酚醛樹脂、蜜胺樹脂、ABS樹脂、聚乙烯醇、尿素樹脂、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯丁二烯橡膠等,其中,從拉伸強度和延展性的角度考慮,較佳PET、聚醯胺和聚醯亞胺。合成樹脂還可以形成氨基甲酸酯橡膠、氯丁二烯橡膠、有機矽橡膠、氟橡膠、苯乙烯系、烯烴系、氯乙烯系、氨基甲酸酯系、醯胺系等的彈性體。其中,可以適當使用容易通過熱壓接與金屬箔黏合的聚醯亞胺、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚醯胺、聚氨酯等。本發明所涉及的層疊體中使用的樹脂層可以均由相同的樹脂材料構成,也可以每層使用不同的樹脂材料。
可以對樹脂層表面進行各種表面處理,以促進其與金屬箔的密合性等。例如,通過對樹脂膜的與金屬箔貼合的面進行底塗及電暈處理,可以提高其與金屬箔的密合性。
對樹脂層的厚度沒有特別限定,從提高金屬箔的延展性提高效果方面考慮,樹脂層的總厚度較佳為9μ
m以上,更佳為20μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為40μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為80μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為100μ
m以上。然而,從控制成本的角度考慮,樹脂層的總厚度較佳為500μ
m以下,更佳為400μ
m以下,更進一步較佳為300μ
m以下。
另外,考慮到處理的容易度,樹脂層的每一層的厚度較佳為4μ
m以上,更佳為7μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為10μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為20μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為40μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為80μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為100μ
m以上。然而,若樹脂層的每一層的厚度過大,則成本高,因此樹脂層每一層的厚度較佳為250μ
m以下,更佳為200μ
m以下。
作為將樹脂層和金屬箔密合層疊的方法,可以列舉熱壓接、超聲波接合、黏合劑接合、在金屬箔上塗佈熔融的樹脂並使其固化而形成膜的方法等。其中,從黏合強度的穩定性方面考慮,較佳熱壓接。熱壓接是指,加熱至樹脂層和金屬箔兩者的熔點以下,之後施加壓力使兩者密合,發生塑性變形而使其接合的方法。然而,在本發明中,如下所述的加熱至超過樹脂層熔點的溫度的情形,也可理解為熱壓接。還適合採用邊施加超聲波振動邊進行熱壓接的熱接合。也可通過黏合劑進行密合層疊,但如下該,與樹脂膜相比,黏合劑的強度低。因此,需要適當選定黏合劑的厚度及拉伸彈性模量,使得不會阻礙因層疊樹脂層而產生的金屬箔的延展性提高效果。因此,熱壓接簡便、還容易獲得延展性提高效果,因此較佳。然而,由於還存在像PET這樣難以進行熱壓接的樹脂材料,因此這種情況下較佳使用黏合劑。
進行熱壓接時,從提高樹脂層與金屬箔的密合性的角度考慮,較佳加熱至比樹脂層的熔點低30℃的溫度以上,更佳加熱至比樹脂層的熔點低20℃的溫度以上,更進一步較佳加熱至比樹脂層的熔點低10℃的溫度以上。然而,若加熱至所需溫度以上,則樹脂層熔融,經壓力擠出,會損及厚度的均勻性及物理性質,因此熱壓接時的加熱較佳設為比樹脂層的熔點高20℃的溫度以下,更佳設為比樹脂層的熔點高10℃的溫度以下,更進一步較佳設為樹脂層的熔點以下。另外,從提高樹脂層與金屬箔的密合性的角度考慮,熱壓接時的壓力較佳設為0.05MPa以上,更佳設為0.1MPa以上,更進一步較佳設為0.15MPa以上。然而,即使加壓至所需壓力以上,不僅密合力不會提高,樹脂層還會變形而損及厚度的均勻性,因此熱壓接時的壓力較佳設為60MPa以下,更佳設為45MPa以下,更進一步較佳設為30MPa以下。
通常,與樹脂膜相比,黏合劑的強度低。因此,當黏合劑層過厚時,處於阻礙通過層疊樹脂層而產生的提高金屬箔延展性的趨勢。另一方面,當黏合劑層過薄時,難以在金屬箔與樹脂膜的整個介面塗佈黏合劑,而出現未黏合部分。因此,黏合劑層的厚度較佳為1μ
m以上且20μ
m以下,更佳為1.5μ
m以上且15μ
m以下,更進一步較佳為2μ
m以上且10μ
m以下。
為了不阻礙通過層疊樹脂層而產生的金屬箔的延展性提高,還可以提高黏合劑層的強度,但若過度提高其強度,則黏合劑層的延展性趨於降低,反之,會阻礙延展性提高。另一方面,若黏合劑層變得過軟,則即使其厚度在上述厚度範圍內,也會阻礙延展性提高。黏合劑層的拉伸彈性模量較佳為1MPa~1500MPa,更佳為3MPa~1000MPa,進一步較佳為5MPa~800MPa。在本發明中,黏合劑層的拉伸彈性模量如下測定:在能夠容易地剝離黏合劑的膜等基材上塗佈作為測定對象的黏合劑,進行乾燥使其固化,之後從基材上剝下而得到黏合劑膜,依照JIS K7161-1:2014測定該黏合劑膜的拉伸彈性模量。
在拉深加工中若構成層疊體的樹脂層與金屬箔剝離,則無法獲得延展性的提高效果。因此,希望各金屬箔與其兩面的樹脂層分別以0.2N/mm以上、較佳0.4N/mm以上、更佳0.6N/mm以上的黏合強度密合層疊。
在本發明中,金屬箔與樹脂層的黏合強度是依照JIS-C5016:1994,通過180˚剝離試驗進行測定。首先,由層疊體製作寬12.7mm的試驗片。將試驗片的單面固定在不銹鋼板上,朝著與試驗片的橫向成直角的方向,以50mm/分鐘的速度及180˚的剝離角度從樹脂層上剝離金屬箔(+樹脂層),進行測定。 (3. 層疊體)
層疊體可以形成通過樹脂層密合層疊有一片、較佳兩片以上、更佳三片以上的金屬箔的結構。此時,在提高金屬箔的延展性以提高層疊體的成型加工性方面,各金屬箔較佳形成其兩面與樹脂層密合層疊這樣的結構。即,與金屬箔形成層疊體的最外層的方案、以及在層疊體的內層存在著未通過樹脂層而層疊有多個金屬箔的部位的方案相比,較佳如下構成:層疊體的兩個最外層由樹脂層構成、且樹脂層和金屬箔每一層交替層疊。
作為層疊體的層疊結構的例子,可以列舉如下。 (1)樹脂層/金屬箔/樹脂層 (2)樹脂層/金屬箔/樹脂層/金屬箔/樹脂層 (3)樹脂層/金屬箔/樹脂層/金屬箔/樹脂層/金屬箔/樹脂層
這裡,在本發明中,包括於一層“樹脂層”上未通過金屬箔而層疊多個樹脂層而構成的層疊結構。即,在本發明中,未通過金屬箔而進行層疊的多個樹脂層可以理解為一層樹脂層。另外,在本發明中,黏合劑層也可理解為樹脂層。
因此,例如當層疊體具有下述(4)所示的層疊結構時,將“樹脂膜/黏合劑層”的層疊體理解為一層“樹脂層”,理解為具有(4’)所示層疊結構的層疊體。 (4)(樹脂膜/黏合劑層)/金屬箔/(黏合劑層/樹脂膜層) (4’)樹脂層/金屬箔/樹脂層
同樣,當層疊體具有下述(5)所示的層疊結構時,將“樹脂膜/黏合劑層”的層疊體和“黏合劑層/樹脂膜/黏合劑層”的層疊體分別理解為一層“樹脂層”,理解為具有(5’)所示層疊結構的層疊體。 (5)(樹脂膜/黏合劑層)/金屬箔/(黏合劑層/樹脂膜層/黏合劑層)/金屬箔/(黏合劑層/樹脂膜) (5’)樹脂層/金屬箔/樹脂層/金屬箔/樹脂層
從提高層疊體的成型加工性的角度考慮,層疊體的厚度較佳為25μ
m以上,更佳為50μ
m以上,更進一步較佳為100μ
m以上。但從輕量化的角度考慮,層疊體的厚度較佳為500μ
m以下,更佳為400μ
m以下,更進一步較佳為300μ
m以下。
在拉深加工中,被成型材料的強度越小、具體而言5%應變應力越小,則沖模肩部的彎曲阻力和彎曲復原阻力就越小。衝壓深度越深,則沖模肩部的該阻力就越大,因此在深度深沖時重要的是減小該阻力。根據本發明人的研究結果,將依照JIS K7127:1999對層疊體進行拉伸試驗時的5%標稱應變中的標稱應力(以下,有時稱作“層疊體的5%應變應力”。)設為σY(MPa)時,σY較佳為150MPa以下,更佳為135MPa以下,更進一步較佳為120MPa以下。另一方面,若σY過小,則在材料流入部分容易壓曲,容易產生皺褶,因此σY較佳60MPa以上,更佳70MPa以上,更進一步較佳80MPa以上。
在本發明中,層疊體的5%應變應力(σY)按照下述方法進行測定。由層疊體切出四個寬12.7mm×長150mm的試驗片。改變試驗片的縱向,使相對於第一個試驗片的縱向,第二個試驗片的縱向與其相差30˚、第三個試驗片的縱向與其相差60˚、第四個試驗片的縱向與其相差90˚,從而改變層疊體的拉伸方向。對於各試驗片,依照JIS K7127:1999,在25℃的溫度下以50mm/分鐘的拉伸速度沿試驗片的縱向進行拉伸試驗,從而測定各試驗片的5%應變應力(σY),以四個試驗片的平均值作為測定值。
另外,當相對於沖模肩部的阻力,與沖頭肩部接觸的被成型材料的強度充分高時,被成型材料不會斷裂,可以深度衝壓。根據本發明人的研究結果,將依照JIS K7127:1999對層疊體進行拉伸試驗時層疊體中的金屬箔斷裂的標稱應變中的標稱應力(以下有時稱作“層疊體中的金屬箔的拉伸強度”。)設為σb(MPa)時,在層疊體的5%應變應力(σY)與層疊體中的金屬箔的拉伸強度(σb)滿足1.4≤σb/σY的關係時,在沖頭肩部層疊體不易斷裂,拉深加工性顯著提高。更佳滿足1.5≤σb/σY的關係,更進一步較佳滿足1.6≤σb/σY的關係。對σb/σY的上限沒有特別限定,通常為3.0以下。在層疊體中,由於金屬箔的兩面由樹脂層支撐,所以其σb較金屬箔單獨的拉伸強度有所變大。
在本發明中,層疊體中的金屬箔的拉伸強度(σb)按照下述方法進行測定。由層疊體切出四個寬12.7mm×長150mm的試驗片。改變試驗片的縱向,使相對於第一個試驗片的縱向,第二個試驗片的縱向與其相差30˚、第三個試驗片的縱向與其相差60˚,第四個試驗片的縱向與其相差90˚,從而使層疊體的拉伸方向發生變化。對於各試驗片,依照JIS K7127:1999,在25℃的溫度下以50mm/分鐘的拉伸速度沿試驗片的縱向進行拉伸試驗,從而測定各試驗片中的金屬箔的拉伸強度(σb),以四個試驗片的平均值作為測定值。
除了調整σY和σb/σY以外,還適當調整層疊體的r值(蘭克福特值)時,可以減小防皺力,因此更佳。r值(蘭克福特值)是用沿縱向施加應變時的“板橫向的對數應變”除以“板厚方向的對數應變”而得到的值,值越大,顯示在板的橫向越容易變形。在施加拉深加工力時,r值大的材料容易沿圓周方向收縮,不易因壓曲而產生皺褶,因此可以將防皺力設定得小。根據本發明人的研究結果,較佳將對數應變0.4中的層疊體的r值設為0.7以上,更佳設為1.0以上,更進一步較佳設為1.1以上,更進一步較佳設為1.2以上。另一方面,若r值變得過大,則在圓周方向容易過度收縮,成為皺褶產生的原因,因此對數應變0.4中的層疊體的r值較佳4.0以下,更佳3.5以下,更進一步較佳3.0以下。
在本發明中,r值按照下述方法進行測定。由層疊體切出四個寬12.7mm×長150mm的試驗片,該試驗片在其整個表面標記有邊長為2.5mm的四方格。改變試驗片的縱向,使相對於第一個試驗片的縱向,第二個試驗片的縱向與其相差30˚、第三個試驗片的縱向與其相差60˚、第四個試驗片的縱向與其相差90˚,從而使層疊體的拉伸方向發生變化。各四方格由與試驗片的縱向平行的邊和與試驗片的縱向成直角的邊構成。對於各試驗片,依照JIS K7127:1999,在25℃的溫度下以50mm/分鐘的拉伸速度沿試驗片的縱向施加0.4的對數應變,之後解除負荷。選擇試驗片中心附近的四方格,使用工具顯微鏡測定縱向、橫向的變化。另外,在拉伸試驗前後,將層疊體的體積視為一定,由縱向和橫向的變位算出厚度。由實測的橫向變位和算出的厚度,算出各試驗片的r值,以四個試驗片的平均值作為測定值。
進行拉深加工時,若被成型材料與沖模的動態摩擦係數、以及被成型材料與壓坯料環的動態摩擦係數小,則即使增大防皺力,也可減小摩擦力,在拉深加工時被成型材料不易斷裂。因此,構成層疊體的兩個最外層的樹脂層表面的動態摩擦係數較佳為0.45以下,更佳為0.40以下,更進一步較佳為0.35以下。但是,當構成層疊體的兩個最外層的樹脂層表面的動態摩擦係數過小時,流入阻力會變得過小,成為皺褶產生的原因,因此動態摩擦係數較佳為0.15以上,更佳為0.18以上,更進一步較佳為0.2以上。在本發明中,動態摩擦係數依照JIS K7125:1999來測定。
在本說明書中,只要沒有特別說明,則“應力”是指“標稱應力”、“應變”是指“標稱應變”。
層疊體的特性取決於樹脂層的特性、金屬箔的特性、以及兩者的體積比,因此上述層疊體的5%應變應力(σY)、σb/σY、r值和動態摩擦係數等參數可以通過調整樹脂層的特性、金屬箔的特性、以及兩者的體積比來進行控制。
當增加樹脂層的5%應變應力(σY)、或者增加金屬箔的5%應變應力(σY)、或者增加樹脂層和金屬箔中5%應變應力(σY)大的一方的厚度時,層疊體的5%應變應力(σY)會變大。反之,當減小樹脂層的5%應變應力(σY)、或者減小金屬箔的5%應變應力(σY)、或者增加樹脂層和金屬箔中5%應變應力(σY)小的一方的厚度時,層疊體的5%應變應力(σY)會變小。例如,像PET膜這樣的雙軸拉伸膜,通常在提高拉伸率時,其5%應變應力(σY)會變高,若降低拉伸率時,其5%應變應力(σY)會降低。另外,通過混合多種單體進行共聚物化,也可調整樹脂層的5%應變應力(σY)。在加大軋製加工度時,金屬箔的5%應變應力(σY)會變高,在減小軋製加工度時,金屬箔的5%應變應力(σY)會變低。另外,通過在金屬箔中添加元素,也可改變5%應變應力(σY)。
增大層疊體的延展性時,直至斷裂為止的加工固化變大,σb/σY變大。為了加大層疊體的加工固化,會使用加工固化大的樹脂。例如,在雙軸拉伸的樹脂中,通過減小拉伸率、或者在拉伸時混合抑制結晶化的單體,可以加大加工固化。另外,為了增大延展性,需要使樹脂層與金屬箔的組合最優化。通常,由於樹脂層的延展性大,所以通過增加樹脂層的體積率,可以提高延展性。
金屬箔的r值可以通過元素的添加及製造方法來調整。例如,增大最終軋製的壓下率時,r值變大。樹脂層的r值可以通過調整拉伸倍率、拉伸速度、拉伸時的溫度、縱向與橫向的拉伸倍率之比等來進行調整。
樹脂層表面的動態摩擦係數根據樹脂組成及添加劑而變動,市售具有各種值的添加劑。通過在樹脂層的最表面形成數nm左右的具有不同於樹脂層的分子結構的其他層(底層處理),還可以在維持機械特性不變的情況下而改變動態摩擦係數。
將本發明所涉及的層疊體進行成型、特別是拉深加工,可以製造各種成型品。所得的成型品可以用作外部裝飾包材。另外,本發明所涉及的層疊體適合用作電氣、電子裝置的電磁波屏蔽材料。特別是可適用於屏蔽由電氣、電子裝置(例如逆變器、通信機、共振器、電子管·放電燈、電加熱裝置、電動機、發電機、電子部件、印刷電路、醫療裝置等)發出的電磁波的用途。 實施例
下面,同時給出本發明的實施例和比較例,但提供這些例子只是為了更好地理解本發明及其優點,並非意圖限定發明。 (1. 金屬箔的準備)
作為金屬箔,準備了以下材料。電導率根據JIS C2525:1999的雙電橋法進行測定。 Cu:軋製銅箔(20℃下的電導率:58.0×106
S/m、厚度:參照表1)、僅實施例14為電解銅箔(20℃下的電導率:58.0×106
S/m、厚度:參照表1) *關於軋製銅箔,使用未添加添加元素的“純銅箔”和添加了0.2wt%左右的Ag的“銅合金箔”,以降低金屬箔單體的5%應變應力。此外,由於Ag是微量添加,所以電導率幾乎沒有變化。 Al:鋁箔(20℃下的電導率:39.6×106
S/m、厚度:參照表1) Ni:鎳箔(20℃下的電導率:14.5×106
S/m、厚度:參照表1) Fe:鐵箔(20℃下的電導率:9.9×106
S/m、厚度:參照表1) SUS:不銹鋼箔(20℃下的電導率:1.4×106
S/m、厚度:參照表1) <表面處理>
在下述條件下,根據試驗編號,按照表1記載的條件對金屬箔的兩面進行表面處理。表中帶有“-”的是指未進行表面處理。
粗化處理:使用粗化處理液(Cu:10~25g/L、H2
SO4
:20~100g/L、溫度為25~35℃),在電流密度為30~70A/dm2
、電解時間為1~5秒下進行電解處理。之後,使用Ni-Co電鍍液(Co離子濃度:5~15g/L、Ni離子濃度:5~15g/L),在溫度為30~50℃、電流密度為1~4A/dm2
下進行Ni-Co電鍍。
矽烷處理:在環氧矽烷處理液(環氧矽烷:0.1~2wt%的水溶液)中進行浸漬處理。
鉻酸鹽處理:使用鉻酸鹽浴(K2
Cr2
O7
:0.5~5g/L、溫度為50~60℃),在電流密度為0.5~2A/dm2
下進行電解處理。
Ni電鍍+鉻酸鹽處理:使用Ni電鍍浴(Ni離子濃度:15~25g/L的瓦特液),在電鍍液溫度為30~50℃、電流密度為1~4A/dm2
下進行Ni電鍍,之後與上述同樣地進行鉻酸鹽處理。 (2. 樹脂層的準備)
作為樹脂膜,準備了以下材料。均為市售品。介電常數是通過JIS C 2151:2006中記載的B法測定的。 PET:聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(20℃下的介電常數:3.0~3.5、熔點:220℃、厚度:參照表1) *關於PET,通過使用多個生產商的各種等級的PET膜,使PET膜單體的5%應變應力、r值和動態摩擦係數發生變化。通過改變PET膜單體的5%應變應力、r值和動態摩擦係數,層疊體的5%應變應力、r值和動態摩擦係數也會發生變化。 PI:聚醯亞胺膜(20℃下的介電常數:3.5、熔點:無、厚度:參照表1) PA:聚醯胺膜(20℃下的介電常數:6.0、熔點:300℃、厚度:參照表1)
另外,作為黏合劑,準備了以下的異氰酸酯固化型聚氨酯系黏合劑。 黏合劑:主劑:RU-80、固化劑:H-5(均由Rock Paint公司製造)
利用上述方法,使用島津製作所製造的精密型萬能試驗裝置AGS-X測定黏合劑固化後的拉伸彈性模量時,拉伸彈性模量為600MPa。 (3. 層疊體的製作)
使用上述的金屬箔和樹脂膜,製作了表1記載的層疊結構的各種層疊體。表1中,“層疊結構”欄中記載的構件的順序和“各構件的厚度”欄中記載的構件的順序相同。以金屬箔和樹脂膜的貼合面的面積相同、且彼此看不出的方式進行層疊。在樹脂層使用了PET的例子中,使用刮棒塗佈機(第一理化株式會社製造)在PET的貼合面塗佈黏合劑。黏合劑層的厚度根據黏合劑的固體濃度和刮棒塗佈機的刮棒號進行調整。接下來,在80℃下乾燥1分鐘,使剩餘的溶劑揮發,貼合金屬箔,之後在40℃下保持7天以促進固化反應,將金屬箔與樹脂層密合層疊。這種情況下,按照上述定義,一層樹脂層由PET與黏合劑層的層疊體構成。 (4. 拉伸試驗)
對於通過上述順序得到的各層疊體,從中切出四個寬12.7mm×長150mm的試驗片。改變試驗片的縱向,使相對於第一個試驗片的縱向,第二個試驗片的縱向與其相差30˚、第三個試驗片的縱向與其相差60˚、第四個試驗片的縱向與其相差90˚,從而使層疊體的拉伸方向發生變化。對於各試驗片,依照JIS K7127:1999,使用島津製作所製造的型號AGS-X的拉伸試驗裝置,在25℃的溫度下以50mm/分鐘的拉伸速度沿試驗片的縱向進行拉伸試驗,測定各試驗片的5%應變應力(σY)和各試驗片中的金屬箔的拉伸強度(σb),以四個試驗片的平均值作為層疊體的5%應變應力(σY)和層疊體中的金屬箔的拉伸強度(σb)。結果見表1。 (5. r值的測定)
對於通過上述順序得到的各層疊體,從中切取製作四個寬12.7mm×長150mm的試驗片,該試驗片在其整個表面標記有邊長為2.5mm的四方格。改變試驗片的縱向,使相對於第一個試驗片的縱向,第二個試驗片的縱向與其相差30˚、第三個試驗片的縱向與其相差60˚、第四個試驗片的縱向與其相差90˚,從而使層疊體的拉伸方向發生變化。各四方格由與試驗片的縱向平行的邊和與試驗片的縱向成直角的方向的邊構成。對於各試驗片,依照JIS K7127:1999,使用島津製作所製造的型號AGS-X的拉伸試驗裝置,在25℃的溫度下以50mm/分鐘的拉伸速度沿試驗片的縱向施加0.4的對數應變,之後解除負荷。選擇試驗片中心附近的四方格,使用工具顯微鏡測定縱向、橫向的變位。另外,在拉伸試驗前後層疊體的體積視為一定,由縱向和橫向的變位算出厚度。由實測的橫向變位和算出的厚度,算出各試驗片的r值,以四個試驗片的平均值作為各層疊體的r值的測定值。結果見表1。 (6. 動態摩擦係數)
使用表面性測定儀(新東科學株式會社製造、TYPE-HEIDON-14),在通過上述順序得到的各層疊體表面用10mmφ的鋼球以1N的荷重進行按壓,測定以150mm/分鐘的速度滑動時產生的荷重,測定基於JIS K7125:1999的動態摩擦係數。結果見表1。 (7.成型試驗)
由通過上述順序得到的各層疊體分別製作50~65mmφ的圓形坯料。對該坯料進行成型試驗,即:使用直徑為30mmφ的沖頭將其拉深加工成圓筒形成型品。準備多個沖頭和沖模,根據坯料的厚度調整間隙(沖頭進入沖模內時的間隙)、沖頭肩R、沖模肩R。確認成型試驗後的成型品是否存在皺褶和裂紋。關於裂紋,不僅觀察成型品的最外層,還使用X射線CT(東芝IT CONTROL SYSTEM製造的微型CT掃描器、TOSCANER32251μ
hd、管電流為120μ
A、管電壓為80kV)觀察內部,由此確認裂紋。在未產生皺褶和裂紋、可以進行拉深加工的成型品中,計量最深衝壓的成型品的衝壓高度。衝壓深度為12mm以上的成型品評定為◎,衝壓深度為9mm以上且不足12mm的成型品評定為○,衝壓深度為6mm以上且不足9mm的成型品評定為△,衝壓深度不足6mm的成型品判定為×。結果見表1。 (8. 黏合強度)
關於實施例1~3的層疊體,依照JIS-C5016:1994,通過180˚剝離試驗測定金屬箔與樹脂層的黏合強度。首先,由層疊體製作寬12.7mm的試驗片。將試驗片的單面固定在不銹鋼板上,朝著與試驗片的橫向成直角的方向,以50mm/分鐘的速度、以及180˚的剝離角度從樹脂層上剝離金屬箔(+樹脂層),進行測定。結果見表1。表1中的黏合強度中,左側記載的值表示左側的樹脂層與中央的金屬箔的黏合強度,而右側記載的值表示右側的樹脂層與中央的金屬箔的黏合強度。 表1-1表1-2(9. 考察)
實施例1~26的層疊體因厚度、σY和σb/σY適當,故拉深加工性優異。而且,在σY、σb/σY、r值和動態摩擦係數均適當的層疊體中,拉深加工性的評價最高。
另一方面,比較例1因σb/σY不適當,故拉深加工性較實施例差。比較例2~5因σY不適當,故拉深加工性較實施例差。
10‧‧‧沖頭
12‧‧‧沖模
14‧‧‧壓坯料環
16‧‧‧坯料
18‧‧‧沖模孔
第1圖是說明拉深加工的示意圖。
Claims (9)
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的層疊體,其中,層疊體的對數應變0.4中的r值即蘭克福特值為0.7~4.0。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的層疊體,其中,構成兩個最外層的樹脂層表面的動態摩擦係數為0.15~0.45。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述的層疊體,其中,各金屬箔與其兩面的樹脂層分別以0.2N/mm以上的黏合強度進行密合層疊。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述的層疊體,其中,各金屬箔的厚度為4~100μm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述的層疊體,其中,各樹脂層的厚度為9~500μm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述的層疊體,其中,各金屬箔與其兩面的樹脂層未通過黏合劑層、而是通過熱壓接進行密合層疊。
- 一種成型品的製造方法,該方法包括以下工序: 將申請專利範圍第1項至第7項中任一項所述的層疊體成型。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的成型品的製造方法,其中, 成型是通過拉深加工進行的。
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JP6928597B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-13 | 2021-09-01 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 銅合金板材およびその製造方法ならびに絞り加工品、電気・電子部品用部材、電磁波シールド材および放熱部品 |
JP2021088099A (ja) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-06-10 | Jx金属株式会社 | 金属樹脂複合材料の成形方法、並びに金属樹脂複合部品及びその製造方法 |
JP7008121B1 (ja) | 2020-12-09 | 2022-01-25 | Jx金属株式会社 | 電磁波シールド材 |
CN113798394B (zh) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-05-27 | 大连理工大学 | 采用层合金属箔带铺放制坯的耐高温薄壁异形构件一体化制造方法 |
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