TWI659787B - 金屬粉末組合物 - Google Patents

金屬粉末組合物 Download PDF

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TWI659787B
TWI659787B TW104116539A TW104116539A TWI659787B TW I659787 B TWI659787 B TW I659787B TW 104116539 A TW104116539 A TW 104116539A TW 104116539 A TW104116539 A TW 104116539A TW I659787 B TWI659787 B TW I659787B
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艾莎 艾奇林
彼得 強翰森
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瑞典商好根那公司
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/103—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/10—Copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/35—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/40—Carbon, graphite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/45—Others, including non-metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
    • C10M2201/053—Metals; Alloys used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/14—Composite materials or sliding materials in which lubricants are integrally molded
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
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Abstract

本發明係關於用於製造壓實部件之金屬粉末組合物，其包含：海綿鐵粉末及潤滑劑混合物。

Description

金屬粉末組合物
本發明係關於用於粉末冶金工業之新金屬粉末組合物。特定而言，本發明係關於基於海綿鐵之粉末組合物，其包括用於改良粉末性質、壓實及加工之潤滑劑。
在工業中，藉由壓實並燒結基於鐵之粉末組合物所製造之金屬產品之用途變得愈來愈廣泛。該等金屬產品之品質要求持續升高，且因此需要研發具有經改良性質之新粉末組合物。
因此，業內需要改良粉末性質、壓實製程以及燒結製程。例如，可改良之參數為金屬粉末自身之特徵或各種添加劑之類型或特徵。添加劑可包括合金元素、助流劑、潤滑劑、機械加工性增強劑或硬質相材料。常使用硬脂酸鋅或醯胺蠟作為用於低密度PM應用之潤滑劑，此歸因於其總體良好性能。
一種類型之金屬粉末係所謂海綿鐵粉末。藉由壓實海綿鐵粉末製得之組件具有與壓實(例如)霧化粉末時所獲得之生坯強度相比極高之生坯強度。為改良在壓實及自工具噴射經壓實組件期間之性能，通常將潤滑劑添加至粉末混合物中。此具有(例如)降低粉末流速之缺點，此缺點可造成較長填充時間。
特定而言，海綿粉末展現與霧化粉末之流速相比較低之流速。此使在基於海綿鐵之粉末組合物中使用潤滑劑進一步複雜化。
將常用潤滑劑(例如金屬硬脂酸鹽)添加至金屬粉末中可導致用於燒結之爐中之殘餘潤滑劑沈積物，且亦導致最終產品中之表面缺陷，從而導致較高報廢率及高昂的維護成本。
本發明係關於包含海綿鐵或基於海綿鐵之粉末、視情況至少一種合金用劑及潤滑劑之新粉末組合物。潤滑劑在製造經壓實組件之製程中賦予較低噴射力，且對流速具有極小負面影響。
本發明亦係關於藉由粉末組合物製得之組件。
海綿鐵係自鐵礦(呈團塊、丸粒或粉末之形式)藉由可自天然氣或煤產生之還原性氣體之直接還原產生。該鐵可經研磨或壓碎以產生顆粒。該等顆粒通常具有不規則形狀、高表面積及內部孔隙度。複數個該等顆粒形成粉末。可在研磨或壓碎後使金屬粉末退火。
海綿鐵粉末顆粒可基本上由鐵組成，或其可為所謂基於鐵的並包括其他合金元素，例如Cu、Ni或Mo。
本發明金屬粉末組合物含有海綿鐵粉末或基於海綿鐵之粉末(例如MH80.23、NC100.24及SC100.26(購自Höganäs AB,Sweden))、視情況至少一種合金元素及至少一種潤滑劑。
可以粉末形式添加至鐵粉末中之合金元素可包括石墨或除鐵以外之金屬粉末。
潤滑劑係硬脂醯胺與棕櫚醯胺之混合物，且可進一步包括花生酸醯胺及/或山萮酸醯胺。
潤滑劑較佳為組份(即山萮酸醯胺、硬脂醯胺及棕櫚醯胺)之混合物。量較佳為20wt%至50wt%硬脂醯胺、20wt%至50wt%棕櫚醯 胺，且可進一步包括花生酸醯胺，其餘為山萮酸醯胺。
更佳地，量為25wt%硬脂醯胺、25wt%棕櫚醯胺及50wt%山萮酸醯胺。
潤滑劑較佳呈微粒形式。
潤滑劑量較佳介於0.2wt%與1.4wt%之間，較佳介於0.4wt%與1.0wt%之間，或更佳介於0.6wt%與1.0wt%之間。
潤滑劑之工作溫度係在壓實工具中之RT(室溫)至在生產中較長系列中之標準工作溫度(例如約60℃且最高80℃)之範圍內。
粉末組合物具有較好流動性，此增加最終組件之生產量及品質。
粉末系統在壓實操作期間展現低摩擦力並降低在自壓實工具噴射該組件期間存在之噴射力及噴射能量。該等能量之降低導致最終產品中之較少工具磨損及較少表面缺陷。
生坯強度亦獲得改良且此減輕在燒結操作之前之生坯裂紋及對組件之其他「生坯」相關損害之風險。較高生坯強度改良生產效率並降低生產報廢率。
藉由使用新的混合粉末系統，可減少或避免當在金屬粉末混合物中使用習用潤滑劑時常出現之表面缺陷。
實例1
根據表1製備不同的基於鐵之粉末冶金混合物。使用海綿鐵粉末MH80.23、NC100.24及SC100.26(購自Höganäs AB,Sweden)作為基於鐵之粉末。2%Cu-100目(購自Poemton,Italy之銅粉末)及0.5%C-UF4(購自KropfmÜhl AG,Germany之石墨)。
根據ISO 4490 Flow Gustavsson(FG)並根據ISO13517：2013量測霍爾流動(Hall flow，FH)速率並根據ISO 3923量測表觀密度。
表3顯示，新海綿鐵粉末混合物顯示類似於與醯胺蠟之混合物之表觀密度值且對於與硬脂酸鋅之混合物獲得最高表觀密度。根據兩個量測流動之不同方法所有與X之混合物顯示經改良流動性。
對於所有混合物，量測潤滑性質，藉由記錄每個為自模具噴射經壓實樣品所需要之所封包面積之總能量以及每個所封包面積之峰值噴射力。該等組件係直徑為25mm且高度為15mm之圓柱形，且所施加之壓實壓力為250MPa、400MPa及550MPa。
關於混合物1至6之表5顯示，減少量之X與NC100.24給出類似於硬脂酸鋅及醯胺蠟混合物在0.8%潤滑劑值下之性質。總之，X之計分好於比較實例，惟利用SC100.26作為基本粉末時靜態噴射力為550MPa。
在所有所製備混合物上量測在6.45g/cm3下之生坯強度。在TRS測試條上測試生坯強度。
針對NC100.24混合物之生坯強度比較顯示當使用X時改良50%至75%。對於與MH80.23之混合物，利用X時之生坯強度增加為30%至50%。

Claims (2)

  1. 一種金屬粉末組合物，其包含(i)海綿鐵顆粒或基於海綿鐵之顆粒，及(ii)潤滑劑，其包含山萮酸醯胺、硬脂醯胺及棕櫚醯胺之混合物，其中該潤滑劑的量介於0.2wt%與1.4wt%之間。
  2. 如請求項1之金屬粉末組合物，其中該金屬粉末組合物之組份(i)係包含海綿鐵顆粒一起與C、Cu、Ni及Mo中之一或多者的基於海綿鐵之顆粒。
TW104116539A 2014-05-23 2015-05-22 金屬粉末組合物 TWI659787B (zh)

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