TWI646156B - 硬化性聚矽氧組合物及光半導體裝置 - Google Patents
硬化性聚矽氧組合物及光半導體裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI646156B TWI646156B TW103135264A TW103135264A TWI646156B TW I646156 B TWI646156 B TW I646156B TW 103135264 A TW103135264 A TW 103135264A TW 103135264 A TW103135264 A TW 103135264A TW I646156 B TWI646156 B TW I646156B
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- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明之硬化性聚矽氧組合物對光半導體裝置中之光半導體元件、引線框架、基板、接合線等具有優異之接著性,且至少包含:(A)有機聚矽氧烷,其係一分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之烯基;(B)有機氫化聚矽氧烷,其係一分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之氫原子;(C)三唑系化合物;(D)金屬系縮合反應觸媒;及(E)矽氫化反應用觸媒。又,本發明之光半導體裝置係其光半導體元件由上述組合物之硬化物密封或被覆,且吸濕回焊試驗後之可靠性優異。
Description
本發明係關於一種硬化性聚矽氧組合物及使用該組合物之光半導體裝置。
矽氫化反應硬化性聚矽氧組合物由於形成耐候性、耐熱性等特性優異之硬化物,尤其是藉由加熱而快速硬化,且硬化時不會產生副產物,故而被用作光電耦合器、發光二極體、固體攝像元件等光半導體裝置之密封劑、保護劑或接著劑。
然而,由於矽氫化反應硬化性聚矽氧組合物之接著性不足,故而例如日本專利特開2009-256603號公報中提出有如下硬化性聚矽氧組合物:其包含分子鏈兩末端具有乙烯基之直鏈狀有機聚矽氧烷、一分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之氫原子之有機氫化聚矽氧烷、金屬系縮合反應觸媒、鉑族金屬系加成反應觸媒、及含有至少2種選自烯基、烷氧基及環氧基中之官能基之有機聚矽氧烷接著賦予成分;又,日本專利特開2010-043136號公報中提出有如下硬化性聚矽氧組合物:其包含具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之烯基之聚矽氧烷、具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之氫原子之聚矽氧烷交聯劑、及選自由具有碳原子數3以上之有機基之有機鋯化合物、有機鋅化合物、有機鎂化合物及有機鉀化合物所組成之群中之至少1種有機金屬化合物。
然而,存在如下問題:即便是該等硬化性聚矽氧組合物,對光半導體裝置中之光半導體元件、引線框架、基板、接合線等之接著性亦不充分,若對使用上述組合物而獲得之光半導體裝置進行吸濕回焊試驗,則於光半導體元件、引線框架、基板或接合線與上述組合物之硬化物之間產生剝離。
另一方面,日本專利特開2009-215434號公報中提出有如下硬化性聚矽氧組合物:其含有一分子中具有至少2個脂肪族不飽和鍵且不含有芳香族烴基之有機聚矽氧烷、一分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之氫原子之有機氫化聚矽氧烷、鉑族金屬系觸媒、及相對於上述有機聚矽氧烷與上述有機氫化聚矽氧烷之合計100質量份為0.05~5質量份之苯并三唑系、三系、二苯甲酮系、苯甲酸酯系、受阻胺系之光劣化防止劑。
然而,該硬化性聚矽氧組合物亦存在對光半導體裝置中之光半導體元件、引線框架、基板、接合線等之接著性不充分之問題。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2009-256603號公報
專利文獻2:日本專利特開2010-043136號公報
專利文獻3:日本專利特開2009-215434號公報
本發明之目的在於提供一種對光半導體裝置中之光半導體元件、引線框架、基板、接合線等之接著性較為良好之硬化性聚矽氧組合物,又,本發明之另一目的在於提供一種吸濕回焊試驗後之可靠性優異之光半導體裝置。
本發明之硬化性聚矽氧組合物之特徵在於至少包含:(A)有機聚矽氧烷,其係一分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之烯基;(B)有機氫化聚矽氧烷,其係一分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之氫原子{相對於(A)成分中之與矽原子鍵結之烯基1莫耳,本成分中之與矽原子鍵結之氫原子成為0.1~10莫耳之量};(C)三唑系化合物(相對於本組合物,以質量單位計成為1ppm~0.5%之量);(D)金屬系縮合反應觸媒(相對於本組合物,以質量單位計成為20ppm~0.1%之量);及(E)矽氫化反應用觸媒(促進本組合物之硬化之量)。
上述(A)成分較佳為(A-1)通式:R1 3SiO(R1 2SiO)mSiR1 3
(式中,R1為相同或不同之一價烴基,其中,一分子中至少2個R1為烯基,m為5~1,000之整數)
所表示之直鏈狀之有機聚矽氧烷及/或(A-2)平均單元式:(R1SiO3/2)a(R1 2SiO2/2)b(R1 3SiO1/2)c(SiO4/2)d(XO1/2)e
(式中,R1與上述相同,其中,R1之合計之0.01~50莫耳%為烯基,X為氫原子或烷基,a、b、c、d及e係滿足0≦a≦1.0、0≦b≦1.0、0≦c<0.9、0≦d<0.5、0≦e<0.4且a+b+c+d=1.0之數)
所表示之支鏈狀之有機聚矽氧烷。
上述(C)成分較佳為苯并三唑系化合物,尤佳為選自由苯并三唑、甲苯并三唑、羧基苯并三唑、1H-苯并三唑-5-羧酸甲酯及硝基苯并三唑所組成之群中之至少1種苯并三唑系化合物。
上述(D)成分較佳為選自由有機鋁化合物、有機鈦化合物、有機鋯化合物、有機鋅化合物及有機鐵化合物所組成之群中之至少1種有
機金屬化合物。
本發明之硬化性聚矽氧組合物較佳為光半導體裝置之密封劑或被覆劑。
本發明之光半導體裝置之特徵在於光半導體元件藉由上述之硬化性聚矽氧組合物之硬化物密封或被覆,且上述光半導體元件較佳為發光二極體。
本發明之硬化性聚矽氧組合物之特徵在於對光半導體裝置中之光半導體元件、引線框架、基板、接合線等具有優異之接著性。又,本發明之光半導體裝置之特徵在於吸濕回焊試驗後之可靠性優異。
1‧‧‧光半導體元件
2‧‧‧引線框架
3‧‧‧引線框架
4‧‧‧接合線
5‧‧‧反射材料
6‧‧‧硬化性聚矽氧組合物之硬化物
圖1係作為本發明之光半導體裝置之一例之LED的剖面圖。
首先,詳細地說明本發明之硬化性聚矽氧組合物。
(A)成分係作為本組合物之主劑之一分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之烯基的有機聚矽氧烷。作為該烯基,可例示:乙烯基、烯丙基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、十一烯基、十二烯基等碳數為2~12個之烯基,較佳為乙烯基。又,作為(A)成分中之除烯基以外之與矽原子鍵結之基,可例示:甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基、環己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基等碳數為1~12個之烷基;苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基等碳數為6~20個之芳基;苄基、苯乙基、苯基丙基等碳數為7~20個之芳烷基;及藉由氟原子、氯原子、溴原子等鹵素原子取代該等基之氫原子之一部分或全部而成之基。再者,於無損本發明之目的之範圍內,(A)成分中之矽原子上亦可具有少量之羥基或甲氧基、乙氧基等烷氧基。
作為(A)成分之分子結構,可例示直鏈狀、一部分具有分支之直鏈狀、支鏈狀、環狀及三維網狀結構。(A)成分亦可為具有該等分子結構之1種有機聚矽氧烷、或具有該等分子結構之2種以上之有機聚矽氧烷混合物。
此種(A)成分較佳為(A-1)通式:R1 3SiO(R1 2SiO)mSiR1 3
所表示之直鏈狀之有機聚矽氧烷及/或(A-2)平均單元式:(R1SiO3/2)a(R1 2SiO2/2)b(R1 3SiO1/2)c(SiO4/2)d(XO1/2)e
所表示之支鏈狀之有機聚矽氧烷。
於(A-1)成分中,式中,R1為相同或不同之一價烴基,可例示與上述相同之烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基、及藉由氟原子、氯原子、溴原子等鹵素原子取代該等基之氫原子之一部分或全部而成之基。其中,一分子中至少2個R1為烯基。又,式中,m為5~1,000之整數,較佳為50~1,000之整數或100~1,000之整數。
作為此種(A-1)成分,可例示:分子鏈兩末端經二甲基乙烯基矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基聚矽氧烷、分子鏈兩末端經二甲基乙烯基矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基矽氧烷-甲基乙烯基矽氧烷共聚物、分子鏈兩末端經二甲基乙烯基矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基矽氧烷-甲基苯基矽氧烷共聚物、分子鏈兩末端經二甲基乙烯基矽烷氧基封阻之甲基苯基聚矽氧烷、分子鏈兩末端經三甲基矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基矽氧烷-甲基乙烯基矽氧烷共聚物、分子鏈兩末端經三甲基矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基矽氧烷-甲基乙烯基矽氧烷-甲基苯基矽氧烷共聚物及該等2種以上之混合物。
又,於(A-2)成分中,式中,R1為相同或不同之一價烴基,可例示與上述相同之烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基、及藉由氟原子、氯原子、溴原子等鹵素原子取代該等基之氫原子之一部分或全部而成之
基。其中,較佳為R1之合計之0.01~50莫耳%、0.05~40莫耳%或0.09~32莫耳%為烯基。其原因在於:若烯基之比率為上述範圍之下限以上,則所獲得之組合物之硬化性較為良好,另一方面,若烯基之比率為上述範圍之上限以下,則所獲得之硬化物之機械特性較為良好。再者,烯基之含量例如可藉由傅立葉變換紅外分光光度計(FT-IR)、核磁共振(NMR)、凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)等之分析而求出。
又,式中,X為氫原子或烷基。作為該烷基,可例示:甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基、環己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基等碳數為1~12個之烷基,較佳為碳數1~3之烷基。
又,式中,a係表示式:R1SiO3/2所表示之矽氧烷單元之比率,且滿足0≦a≦1.0之數,b係表示式:R1 2SiO2/2所表示之矽氧烷單元之比率,且滿足0≦b≦1.0之數,c係表示式:R1 3SiO1/2所表示之矽氧烷單元之比率,且滿足0≦c<0.9之數,d係表示式:SiO4/2所表示之矽氧烷單元之比率,且滿足0≦d<0.5之數。其中,式中,a+b+c+d=1.0。又,e係表示與矽原子鍵結之羥基或烷氧基,且滿足0≦e<0.4之數。
作為(A)成分,可使用(A-1)成分、(A-2)成分或(A-1)成分與(A-2)成分之混合物。於使用(A-1)成分與(A-2)成分之混合物之情形時,就所獲得之組合物之操作性較為良好而言,(A-2)成分之含量較佳為(A-1)成分與(A-2)成分之合計量之90質量%以下或60質量%以下。又,就所獲得之硬化物之機械特性較為良好而言,(A-2)成分之含量較佳為(A-1)成分與(A-2)成分之合計量之至少10質量%。
(A)成分於25℃下為液狀或固體狀。於(A)成分於25℃下為液狀之情形時,其25℃之黏度較佳為1~1,000,000mPa‧s之範圍內或10~1,000,000mPa‧s之範圍內。再者,該黏度例如可藉由使用依據JIS
K7117-1之B型黏度計之測定而求出。
(B)成分係作為本組合物之交聯劑之一分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之氫原子的有機氫化聚矽氧烷。作為(B)成分中之除氫原子以外之與矽原子鍵結之基,可例示:甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基、環己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基等碳數為1~12個之烷基;苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基等碳數為6~20個之芳基;苄基、苯乙基、苯基丙基等碳數為7~20個之芳烷基;及藉由氟原子、氯原子、溴原子等鹵素原子取代該等基之氫原子之一部分或全部而成之基。再者,於無損本發明之目的之範圍內,(B)成分中之矽原子上亦可具有少量之羥基或甲氧基、乙氧基等烷氧基。
作為(B)成分之分子結構,可例示直鏈狀、一部分具有分支之直鏈狀、支鏈狀、環狀及三維網狀結構,較佳為一部分具有分支之直鏈狀、支鏈狀或三維網狀結構。
(B)成分於25℃下為固體狀或液狀。於(B)成分於25℃下為液狀之情形時,其25℃之黏度較佳為10,000mPa‧s以下、0.1~5,000mPa‧s之範圍內、或0.5~1,000mPa‧s之範圍內。再者,該黏度例如可藉由使用依據JIS K7117-1之B型黏度計之測定而求出。
作為此種(B)成分,可例示:1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷、1,3,5,7-四甲基環四矽氧烷、三(二甲基氫矽烷氧基)甲基矽烷、三(二甲基氫矽烷氧基)苯基矽烷、1-縮水甘油氧基丙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基環四矽氧烷、1,5-縮水甘油氧基丙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基環四矽氧烷、1-縮水甘油氧基丙基-5-三甲氧基矽烷基乙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基環四矽氧烷、分子鏈兩末端經三甲基矽烷氧基封阻之甲基氫聚矽氧烷、分子鏈兩末端經三甲基矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基矽氧烷-甲基氫矽氧烷共聚物、分子鏈兩末端經二甲基氫矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基聚矽氧烷、分子鏈兩末端經二甲基氫
矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基矽氧烷-甲基氫矽氧烷共聚物、分子鏈兩末端經三甲基矽烷氧基封阻之甲基氫矽氧烷-二苯基矽氧烷共聚物、分子鏈兩末端經三甲基矽烷氧基封阻之甲基氫矽氧烷-二苯基矽氧烷-二甲基矽氧烷共聚物、包含(CH3)2HSiO1/2單元及SiO4/2單元之共聚物、包含(CH3)2HSiO1/2單元、SiO4/2單元及(C6H5)SiO3/2單元之共聚物及該等2種以上之混合物。
(B)成分之含量係相對於(A)成分中之與矽原子鍵結之烯基1莫耳,本成分中之與矽原子鍵結之氫原子成為0.1~10莫耳之量,較佳為成為0.5~5莫耳之量。其原因在於:若(B)成分之含量為上述範圍之上限以下,則所獲得之硬化物之機械特性較為良好,另一方面,若為上述範圍之下限以上,則所獲得之組合物之硬化性較為良好。再者,(B)成分中之與矽原子鍵結之氫原子之含量例如可藉由傅立葉變換紅外分光光度計(FT-IR)、核磁共振(NMR)、凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)等之分析而求出。
(C)成分係對本組合物之硬化物賦予耐剝離性之三唑系化合物。作為(C)成分,可例示:1H-1,2,3-三唑、2H-1,2,3-三唑、1H-1,2,4-三唑、4H-1,2,4-三唑、2-(2'-羥基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、苯并三唑、甲苯并三唑、羧基苯并三唑、1H-苯并三唑-5-羧酸甲酯、3-胺基-1,2,4-三唑、4-胺基-1,2,4-三唑、5-胺基-1,2,4-三唑、3-巰基-1,2,4-三唑、氯苯并三唑、硝基苯并三唑、胺基苯并三唑、環己烷并[1,2-d]三唑、4,5,6,7-四羥基甲苯并三唑、1-羥基苯并三唑、乙基苯并三唑、萘并三唑、1-N,N-雙(2-乙基己基)-[(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基]胺、1-[N,N-雙(2-乙基己基)胺基甲基]苯并三唑、1-[N,N-雙(2-乙基己基)胺基甲基]甲苯并三唑、1-[N,N-雙(2-乙基己基)胺基甲基]羧基苯并三唑、1-[N,N-雙(2-羥基乙基)-胺基甲基]苯并三唑、1-[N,N-雙(2-羥基乙基)-胺基甲基]甲苯并三唑、1-[N,N-雙(2-羥基乙基)-胺基甲基]羧基苯并三唑、1-
[N,N-雙(2-羥基丙基)胺基甲基]羧基苯并三唑、1-[N,N-雙(1-丁基)胺基甲基]羧基苯并三唑、1-[N,N-雙(1-辛基)胺基甲基]羧基苯并三唑、1-(2',3'-二-羥基丙基)苯并三唑、1-(2',3'-二-羧基乙基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羥基-3',5'-二第三丁基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羥基-3',5'-戊基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羥基-4'-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羥基-5'-第三丁基苯基)苯并三唑、1-羥基苯并三唑-6-羧酸、1-油醯基苯并三唑、1,2,4-三唑-3-醇、5-胺基-3-巰基-1,2,4-三唑、5-胺基-1,2,4-三唑-3-羧酸、1,2,4-三唑-3-甲醯胺、4-胺基脲唑、1,2,4-三唑-5-酮及該等2種以上之混合物。(C)成分尤佳為苯并三唑、或經烷基、羧基或硝基取代之苯并三唑等苯并三唑系化合物,進而較佳為選自由苯并三唑、甲苯并三唑、羧基苯并三唑、硝基苯并三唑及1H-苯并三唑-5-羧酸甲酯所組成之群中之至少1種苯并三唑系化合物。
(C)成分之含量係相對於本組合物,以質量單位計成為1ppm~0.5%之範圍內之量,較佳為成為5ppm~0.3%之範圍內或10ppm~0.1%之範圍內之量。其原因在於:若(C)成分之含量為上述範圍之下限以上,則可充分地抑制由吸濕回焊引起之剝離,另一方面,若為上述範圍之上限以下,則所獲得之硬化物之機械特性較為良好。
(D)成分係對本組合物之硬化物賦予耐剝離性之金屬系縮合反應觸媒。作為(D)成分,可例示:有機鋁化合物、有機鈦化合物、有機鋯化合物、有機鎂化合物、有機鋅化合物、有機銅化合物、有機鎳化合物、有機鉻化合物、有機鈷化合物、有機鐵化合物、有機銦化合物、有機鑭化合物、有機錫化合物、有機鉿化合物及該等2種以上之混合物。作為有機鋁化合物,可例示:三甲氧基鋁、三乙氧基鋁、異丙氧基鋁、異丙氧基二乙氧基鋁、三丁氧基鋁等烷氧基化合物;三乙醯氧基鋁、三硬脂酸鋁、三丁酸鋁等醯氧基化合物;異丙酸鋁、第二丁酸鋁、第三丁酸鋁、三(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鋁、三(六氟乙醯丙酮)鋁、
三乙醯乙酸乙酯鋁、三(乙醯乙酸正丙酯)鋁、三(乙醯乙酸異丙酯)鋁、三(乙醯乙酸正丁酯)鋁、三水楊醛鋁、三(2-乙氧羰基苯酚)鋁、三(乙醯丙酮)鋁等螯合化合物。作為有機鈦化合物,可例示:四乙氧基鈦、四異丙氧基鈦、四丁氧基鈦等四烷氧基鈦;四乙二醇鈦酸酯、二正丁基雙(三乙醇胺)鈦酸酯、雙(乙醯丙酮)酸二異丙氧基鈦、辛酸異丙氧基鈦、三甲基丙烯酸異丙基鈦、三丙烯酸異丙基鈦、異丙基三異硬脂醯基鈦酸酯、異丙基十三烷基苯磺醯基鈦酸酯、異丙基三(丁基、甲基焦磷醯氧基)鈦酸酯、四異丙基二(二月桂基亞磷酸醯氧基)鈦酸酯、二甲基丙烯醯氧基乙酸酯鈦酸酯、二丙烯醯氧基乙酸酯鈦酸酯、二(二辛基磷醯氧基)鈦酸乙二酯、三(二辛基磷酸)異丙氧基鈦、異丙基三(二辛基焦磷醯氧基)鈦酸酯、四異丙基雙(二辛基亞磷醯氧基)鈦酸酯、四辛基雙(二-十三烷基亞磷醯氧基)鈦酸酯、四(2,2-二烯丙氧基甲基-1-丁基)雙(二-十三烷基亞磷醯氧基)鈦酸酯、雙(二辛基焦磷醯氧基)羥乙酸酯鈦酸酯、三(二辛基焦磷醯氧基)鈦酸乙二酯、異丙基三正十二烷基苯磺醯基鈦酸酯、異丙基三辛醯基鈦酸酯、異丙基二甲基丙烯醯基異硬脂醯基鈦酸酯、異丙基異硬脂醯基二丙烯醯基鈦酸酯、異丙基三(二辛基磷醯氧基)鈦酸酯、異丙基三異丙苯基苯基鈦酸酯、異丙基三(N-胺基乙基-胺基乙基)鈦酸酯。作為有機鋯化合物,可例示:鋯正丙氧化物、鋯正丁氧化物、鋯第三丁氧化物、鋯異丙氧化物、鋯乙氧化物、乙酸氧鋯、乙醯丙酮鋯、丁氧基乙醯丙酮鋯、雙乙醯丙酮鋯、乙醯乙酸乙酯鋯、雙乙醯乙酸乙酯乙醯丙酮鋯、六氟乙醯丙酮鋯、三氟乙醯丙酮鋯。作為有機鎂化合物,可例示:乙醯乙酸乙酯鎂單異丙酯、雙(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鎂、乙醯乙酸烷基酯鎂單異丙酯、雙(乙醯丙酮)鎂。作為有機鋅化合物,可例示:雙(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鋅、乙醯丙酮鋅、雙2-乙基己酸鋅、(甲基)丙烯酸鋅、新癸酸鋅、乙酸鋅、辛酸鋅、水楊酸鋅。作為有機銅化合物,可例示:雙(乙醯乙
酸乙酯)銅、雙(乙醯丙酮)銅。作為有機鎳化合物,可例示:雙(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鎳、雙(乙醯丙酮)鎳。作為有機鉻化合物,可例示:三(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鉻、三(乙醯丙酮)鉻。作為有機鈷化合物,可例示:三(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鈷、三(乙醯丙酮)鈷。作為有機鐵化合物,可例示:三(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鐵、三(乙醯丙酮)鐵。作為有機銦化合物,可例示:三(乙醯乙酸乙酯)銦、三(乙醯丙酮)銦。作為有機鑭化合物,可例示:三(乙醯乙酸乙酯)鑭、三(乙醯丙酮)鑭。作為有機錫化合物,可例示:四(乙醯乙酸乙酯)錫、四(乙醯丙酮)錫。作為有機鉿化合物,可例示:鉿正丁氧化物、鉿第三丁氧化物、鉿乙氧化物、鉿異丙氧化物、異丙醇鉿單異丙酯、乙醯丙酮鉿、四(二甲基胺基)鉿。(D)成分尤佳為選自由有機鋁化合物、有機鈦化合物、有機鋯化合物、有機鋅化合物及有機鐵化合物所組成之群中之至少1種金屬系縮合反應觸媒。
(D)成分之含量係相對於本組合物,以質量單位計成為20ppm~0.1%之範圍內之量,較佳為成為30ppm~0.05%之範圍內或50ppm~0.03%之範圍內之量。其原因在於:若(D)成分之含量為上述範圍之下限以上,則可充分地抑制由吸濕回焊引起之剝離,另一方面,若為上述範圍之上限以下,則可提昇所獲得之組合物之保存穩定性。
(E)成分係用以促進本組合物之硬化之矽氫化反應用觸媒。作為(E)成分,可例示鉑族元素觸媒、鉑族元素化合物觸媒,具體而言,可例示鉑系觸媒、銠系觸媒、鈀系觸媒及該等至少2種之組合,尤其就可顯著促進本組合物之硬化而言,較佳為鉑系觸媒。作為該鉑系觸媒,可例示:鉑細粉末、鉑黑、氯鉑酸、氯鉑酸之醇改性物、氯鉑酸與二烯烴之錯合物、鉑-烯烴錯合物、雙(乙醯乙酸)鉑、雙(乙醯丙酮)鉑等鉑-羰基錯合物;氯鉑酸-二乙烯基四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物、氯鉑酸-四乙烯基四甲基環四矽氧烷錯合物等氯鉑酸-烯基矽氧烷錯合物;
鉑-二乙烯基四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物、鉑-四乙烯基四甲基環四矽氧烷錯合物等鉑-烯基矽氧烷錯合物;氯鉑酸與乙炔醇類之錯合物;及該等2種以上之混合物,尤其就可促進本組合物之硬化而言,較佳為鉑-烯基矽氧烷錯合物。
作為用於鉑-烯基矽氧烷錯合物之烯基矽氧烷,可例示:1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷、1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四乙烯基環四矽氧烷、藉由乙基、苯基等取代該等烯基矽氧烷之甲基之一部分之烯基矽氧烷低聚物、及藉由烯丙基、己烯基等取代該等烯基矽氧烷之乙烯基之烯基矽氧烷低聚物,尤其就所生成之鉑-烯基矽氧烷錯合物之穩定性較為良好而言,較佳為1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷。
又,為提昇鉑-烯基矽氧烷錯合物之穩定性,較佳為將該等鉑-烯基矽氧烷錯合物溶解於1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷、1,3-二烯丙基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷、1,3-二乙烯基-1,3-二甲基-1,3-二苯基二矽氧烷、1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二矽氧烷及1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四乙烯基環四矽氧烷等烯基矽氧烷低聚物或二甲基矽氧烷低聚物等有機矽氧烷低聚物,尤佳為溶解於烯基矽氧烷低聚物。
(E)成分之含量係促進本組合物之硬化之量,具體而言,較佳為相對於本組合物,(E)成分中之觸媒金屬原子以質量單位計成為0.01~500ppm之範圍內之量、成為0.01~100ppm之範圍內之量、或成為0.1~50ppm之範圍內之量。其原因在於:若(E)成分之含量為上述範圍之下限以上,則所獲得之組合物之硬化性較為良好,另一方面,若為上述範圍之上限以下,則所獲得之硬化物之著色得以抑制。
為延長常溫下之使用壽命,提昇保存穩定性,本組合物中亦可含有(F)矽氫化反應抑制劑。作為(F)成分,可例示:1-乙炔基環己烷-1-醇、2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-醇、3,5-二甲基-1-己炔-3-醇及2-苯基-3-丁炔-
2-醇等炔烴醇;3-甲基-3-戊烯-1-炔及3,5-二甲基-3-己烯-1-炔等烯炔化合物;1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四乙烯基環四矽氧烷及1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四己烯基環四矽氧烷等甲基烯基矽氧烷低聚物;二甲基雙(3-甲基-1-丁炔-3-氧基)矽烷及甲基乙烯基雙(3-甲基-1-丁炔-3-氧基)矽烷等炔烴氧基矽烷;及異氰尿酸三烯丙酯系化合物。
(F)成分之含量並無限定,較佳為相對於本組合物100質量份,為0.0001~5質量份之範圍內或0.01~3質量份之範圍內。
又,為進而提昇對硬化中接觸之基材之接著性,本組合物中亦可含有接著促進劑。作為該接著促進劑,較佳為一分子中具有1個以上之與矽原子鍵結之烷氧基之有機矽化合物。作為該烷氧基,可例示:甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基及甲氧基乙氧基,尤佳為甲氧基或乙氧基。又,作為該有機矽化合物之與矽原子鍵結之烷氧基以外之基,可例示:烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基及鹵化烷基等與上述相同之經鹵素取代或未經取代之一價烴基;3-縮水甘油氧基丙基及4-縮水甘油氧基丁基等縮水甘油氧基烷基;2-(3,4-環氧環己基)乙基及3-(3,4-環氧環己基)丙基等環氧環己基烷基;4-環氧乙烷基丁基及8-環氧乙烷基辛基等環氧乙烷基烷基;3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基等含有丙烯醯基之一價有機基;異氰酸酯基;異氰尿酸酯基;以及氫原子。該有機矽化合物較佳為具有可與本組合物中之脂肪族不飽和烴基或與矽原子鍵結之氫原子反應之基,具體而言,較佳為具有與矽原子鍵結之脂肪族不飽和烴基或與矽原子鍵結之氫原子。
接著促進劑之含量並無限定,較佳為相對於本組合物100質量份,為0.01~10質量份之範圍內或0.1~3質量份之範圍內。
又,於本組合物中,作為其他任意之成分,亦可含有螢光體。作為該螢光體,可例示廣泛地用於發光二極體(LED)的包含氧化物系螢光體、氮氧化物系螢光體、氮化物系螢光體、硫化物系螢光體、氧
硫化物系螢光體等之黃色、紅色、綠色、藍色發光螢光體及該等至少2種之混合物。作為氧化物系螢光體,可例示:包含鈰離子之釔、鋁、石榴石系之YAG(yttrium aluminum garnet,釔鋁石榴石)系綠色~黃色發光螢光體;包含鈰離子之鋱、鋁、石榴石系之TAG(terbium aluminum garnet,鋱鋁石榴石)系黃色發光螢光體;及包含鈰或銪離子之矽酸鹽系綠色~黃色發光螢光體。作為氮氧化物系螢光體,可例示包含銪離子之矽、鋁、氧、氮系之賽隆(sialon)系紅色~綠色發光螢光體。作為氮化物系螢光體,可例示包含銪離子之鈣、鍶、鋁、矽、氮系之cousin系紅色發光螢光體。作為硫化物系螢光體,可例示包含銅離子或鋁離子之ZnS系綠色發光螢光體。作為氧硫化物系螢光體,可例示包含銪離子之Y2O2S系紅色發光螢光體。
該螢光體之含量並無特別限定,於本組合物中,較佳為0.1~70質量%之範圍內或1~20質量%之範圍內。
又,於無損本發明之目的之範圍內,於本組合物中,作為其他任意之成分,亦可含有選自二氧化矽、玻璃及氧化鋁等中之1種以上之無機填充劑;聚矽氧橡膠粉末;聚矽氧樹脂及聚甲基丙烯酸酯樹脂等樹脂粉末;選自耐熱劑、染料、顏料、阻燃性賦予劑、界面活性劑、溶劑等中之1種以上之成分。
本組合物係藉由室溫放置或加熱而進行硬化,較佳為進行加熱以使之快速地硬化。加熱溫度較佳為50~200℃之範圍內。
本組合物較佳為硬化而形成JIS K 6253所規定之A型硬度計硬度為15~99或30~95之硬化物。其原因在於:若硬化性聚矽氧組合物之硬化物之硬度為上述範圍之下限以上,則具有強度,且使用其作為光半導體元件之密封材料或被覆材料之情形時之保護性優異,另一方面,若為上述範圍之上限以下,則硬化物變得柔軟,耐久性優異。
其次,詳細地說明本發明之光半導體裝置。
本發明之光半導體裝置之特徵在於:光半導體元件藉由上述組合物之硬化物密封、被覆或接著。作為該光半導體元件,可例示:發光二極體(LED)、半導體雷射、光電二極體、光電晶體、固體攝像、光電耦合器用發光體及受光體,尤佳為發光二極體(LED)。
由於發光二極體(LED)會自光半導體元件之上下左右引起發光,故而關於構成發光二極體(LED)之零件,吸收光者不佳,較佳為透光率較高或反射率較高之材料。因此,搭載光半導體元件之基板亦較佳為透光率較高或反射率較高之材料。作為此種搭載光半導體元件之基板,例如可例示:銀、金及銅等導電性金屬;鋁及鎳等非導電性金屬;PPA(Polyphthalamide,聚鄰苯二甲醯胺)及LCP(Liquid Crystal Polymer,液晶聚合物)等混合有白色顏料之熱塑性樹脂;環氧樹脂、BT(Bismaleimide Triazine,雙馬來醯亞胺三)樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂及聚矽氧樹脂等含有白色顏料之熱硬化性樹脂;氧化鋁及氮氧化鋁等陶瓷。由於硬化性聚矽氧組合物之硬化物對於光半導體元件及基板之耐熱衝擊性較為良好,故而所獲得之光半導體裝置可顯示良好之可靠性。
將作為本發明之光半導體裝置之一例之表面安裝型LED之剖面圖示於圖1。關於圖1所表示之LED,將光半導體元件1黏晶於引線框架2上,並藉由接合線4將該光半導體元件1與引線框架3打線接合。於該光半導體元件1之周圍形成有光反射材料5,該光反射材料5之內側之光半導體元件1係藉由上述之硬化性聚矽氧組合物的硬化物6而密封。
作為製造圖1所示之表面安裝型LED之方法,可例示如下方法:將光半導體元件1黏晶於光反射材料5之內側之引線框架2上,藉由金製之接合線4將該光半導體元件1與引線框架3打線接合,繼而,藉由上述之硬化性聚矽氧組合物對光半導體元件1進行樹脂密封。
藉由實施例及比較例詳細地說明本發明之硬化性聚矽氧組合物及光半導體裝置。再者,如下所述般測定硬化性聚矽氧組合物之硬化物之硬度、硬化性聚矽氧組合物之硬化物之初期剝離率及硬化物之吸濕回焊後之剝離率。
藉由於150℃、1小時、5MPa之壓力之條件下將硬化性聚矽氧組合物加壓成形而製作片狀之硬化物。藉由JIS K 6253所規定之A型硬度計測定該片狀之硬化物之硬度。
又,使用硬化性聚矽氧組合物,於150℃下加熱1小時,藉此製作圖1所示之光半導體裝置。如下所述般測定硬化性聚矽氧組合物對於該光半導體裝置之耐剝離性。
針對光半導體裝置20個,利用光學顯微鏡觀察引線框架及接合線與硬化物之間之剝離狀態,將剝離之比率(剝離之個數/20個)設為剝離率。
將上述之光半導體裝置20個於85℃/85%RH烘箱中保管168小時,於280℃之烘箱內放置30秒後,恢復至室溫(25℃)下,利用光學顯微鏡觀察引線框架及接合線與硬化物之間之剝離狀態,將剝離之比率(剝離之個數/20個)設為剝離率。
以表1及表2所示之組成(質量份)均勻地混合如下之成分而製備實施例1~6及比較例1~8之硬化性聚矽氧組合物。再者,式中,Vi表示乙烯基,Me表示甲基。又,於表1及表2中,SiH/Vi表示於硬化性聚矽氧組合物中,(B)成分中之與矽原子鍵結之氫原子相對於(A)成分中之乙烯基之合計1莫耳的合計莫耳數。
作為(A)成分,使用如下之成分。再者,黏度係25℃下之值,使用依據JIS K7117-1之B型黏度計而測定。
(a-1-1)成分:黏度300mPa‧s,平均式:Me2ViSiO(Me2SiO)150SiMe2Vi
所表示之分子鏈兩末端經二甲基乙烯基矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基聚矽氧烷(乙烯基之含量=0.48質量%)
(a-1-2)成分:黏度10,000mPa‧s,平均式:Me2ViSiO(Me2SiO)500SiMe2Vi
所表示之分子鏈兩末端經二甲基乙烯基矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基聚矽氧烷(乙烯基之含量=0.15質量%)
(a-2-1)成分:於25℃下為白色固體狀,可溶於甲苯,平均單元式:(Me2ViSiO1/2)0.15(Me3SiO1/2)0.38(SiO4/2)0.47(HO1/2)0.01
所表示之一分子中具有2個以上之乙烯基之有機聚矽氧烷(乙烯基的含量=4.2質量%)
(a-2-2)成分:於25℃下為白色固體狀,可溶於甲苯,平均單元式:(Me2ViSiO1/2)0.13(Me3SiO1/2)0.45(SiO4/2)0.42(HO1/2)0.01
所表示之一分子中具有2個以上之乙烯基之有機聚矽氧烷(乙烯基的含量=3.4質量%)
作為(B)成分,使用如下之成分。再者,黏度係25℃下之值,使用依據JIS K7117-1之B型黏度計而測定。
(b-1)成分:平均式:Me3SiO(MeHSiO)55SiMe3
所表示之黏度為20mPa‧s之分子鏈兩末端經三甲基矽烷氧基封阻之甲基氫聚矽氧烷(與矽原子鍵結之氫原子之含量=1.6質量%)
(b-2)成分:平均式:Me3SiO(MeHSiO)15SiMe3
所表示之黏度為5mPa‧s之分子鏈兩末端經三甲基矽烷氧基封阻之二甲基矽氧烷-甲基氫矽氧烷共聚物(與矽原子鍵結之氫原子之含量=1.42質量%)
作為(C)成分,使用如下之成分。
(c-1)成分:苯并三唑
(c-2)成分:甲苯并三唑
(c-3)成分:羧基苯并三唑
作為(D)成分,使用如下之成分。
(d-1)成分:乙醯乙酸乙酯鋯
(d-2)成分:異丙基三異硬脂醯基鈦酸酯
(d-3)成分:乙醯烷氧基二異丙氧基鋁
作為(E)成分,使用鉑之1,3-二乙烯基四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物之1,3-二乙烯基四甲基二矽氧烷溶液(鉑金屬之含量=約6000ppm)。
作為(F)成分,使用1-乙炔基環己烷-1-醇。
由表1及表2之結果可知,實施例1~6之硬化性聚矽氧組合物之硬化物對於光半導體裝置中之引線框架或接合線具有較高之耐剝離性。
本發明之硬化性聚矽氧組合物可用作發光二極體(LED)、半導體雷射、光電二極體、光電晶體、固體攝像、光電耦合器用發光體及受光體等光半導體裝置之密封劑、保護劑或接著劑。又,本發明之光半導體裝置可用作光學裝置、光學設備、照明設備、照明裝置等之光半導體裝置。
Claims (8)
- 一種硬化性聚矽氧組合物,其至少包含:(A)有機聚矽氧烷,其係一分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之烯基;(B)有機氫化聚矽氧烷,其係一分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之氫原子{相對於(A)成分中之與矽原子鍵結之烯基1莫耳,本成分中之與矽原子鍵結之氫原子成為0.1~10莫耳之量};(C)三唑系化合物(相對於本組合物,以質量單位計成為1ppm~0.5%之量);(D)金屬系縮合反應觸媒(相對於本組合物,以質量單位計成為20ppm~0.1%之量);及(E)矽氫化反應用觸媒(促進本組合物之硬化之量)。
- 如請求項1之硬化性聚矽氧組合物,其中(A)成分係(A-1)通式:R1 3SiO(R1 2SiO)mSiR1 3(式中,R1為相同或不同之一價烴基,其中,一分子中至少2個R1為烯基,m為5~1,000之整數)所表示之直鏈狀之有機聚矽氧烷及/或(A-2)平均單元式:(R1SiO3/2)a(R1 2SiO2/2)b(R1 3SiO1/2)c(SiO4/2)d(XO1/2)e(式中,R1與上述相同,其中,R1之合計之0.01~50莫耳%為烯基,X為氫原子或烷基,a、b、c、d及e係滿足0≦a≦1.0、0≦b≦1.0、0≦c<0.9、0≦d<0.5、0≦e<0.4且a+b+c+d=1.0之數)所表示之支鏈狀之有機聚矽氧烷。
- 如請求項1之硬化性聚矽氧組合物,其中(C)成分係苯并三唑系化合物。
- 如請求項3之硬化性聚矽氧組合物,其中(C)成分係選自由苯并三唑、甲苯并三唑、羧基苯并三唑、1H-苯并三唑-5-羧酸甲酯及硝基苯并三唑所組成之群中之至少1種苯并三唑系化合物。
- 如請求項1之硬化性聚矽氧組合物,其中(D)成分係選自由有機鋁化合物、有機鈦化合物、有機鋯化合物、有機鋅化合物及有機鐵化合物所組成之群中之至少1種有機金屬化合物。
- 如請求項1之硬化性聚矽氧組合物,其係光半導體裝置之密封劑或被覆劑。
- 一種光半導體裝置,其中光半導體元件係藉由如請求項1至5中任一項之硬化性聚矽氧組合物之硬化物密封或被覆。
- 如請求項7之光半導體裝置,其中光半導體元件係發光二極體。
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