TWI629419B - 在動態高負荷下操作之自潤性接頭組件 - Google Patents

在動態高負荷下操作之自潤性接頭組件 Download PDF

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TWI629419B
TWI629419B TW102137326A TW102137326A TWI629419B TW I629419 B TWI629419 B TW I629419B TW 102137326 A TW102137326 A TW 102137326A TW 102137326 A TW102137326 A TW 102137326A TW I629419 B TWI629419 B TW I629419B
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self
lubricating
joint
microns
patent application
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TW201422938A (zh
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艾曼紐 麥斯
Emmanuel Masse
奧利佛 布藍登尼特
Olivier Blandenet
菲力浦 莫林皮瑞爾
Philippe Maurin-Perrier
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Ｈｅｆ公司
H. E. F.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/068—Special features relating to lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0614—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part of the joint being open on two sides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
    • F16C23/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C23/04—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting
    • F16C23/043—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting with spherical surfaces, e.g. spherical plain bearings
    • F16C23/045—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting with spherical surfaces, e.g. spherical plain bearings for radial load mainly, e.g. radial spherical plain bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/208—Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/28—Brasses; Bushes; Linings with embedded reinforcements shaped as frames or meshed materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/60—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/40—Imides, e.g. polyimide [PI], polyetherimide [PEI]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/70—Polyesters, e.g. polyethylene-terephthlate [PET], polybutylene-terephthlate [PBT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/80—Thermosetting resins
    • F16C2208/86—Epoxy resins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/80—Thermosetting resins
    • F16C2208/90—Phenolic resin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/28—Shaping by winding impregnated fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/30—Angles, e.g. inclinations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
    • F16C23/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C23/04—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/203—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
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  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
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Abstract

一種自潤性接頭組件包括一組裝在一球罩(2)內的球形接頭(1)，該球形接頭(1)承接一能夠在其內滑動及/或轉動的軸(3)。該球形接頭是用厚度範圍在20微米至150微米的小厚度布料(fabric)的繞組(winding)並混以一包含填充物的樹脂來形成，該布料是以具有寬度範圍在5公釐至200公釐之間的寬度的條帶形成呈現，該等條帶被交疊成數層。

Description

在動態高負荷下操作之自潤性接頭組件
本發明係有關於自潤性接頭的領域，尤其是用於在球形接頭或軸承內的軸的組件以允許直線導引或轉動導引。
本發明可有利地應用於所有需要無油脂操作(亦即，自潤性操作)及在動態狀態高負荷操作的接頭類型。
本發明的目的是要獲得一用聚合物製成的自潤性接頭，它的整個厚度是均質的沒有補強基材且是在動態高負荷(例如，大於60MPa)下操作。
依據現有技術，此類型的複合聚合物接頭並不是完全令人滿意，因為它在機械式負荷下不佳的表現及因為它在動態負荷下(包括低於60MPa的負荷)的流動及分層剝落(delamination)的風險。例如，包含用複合聚合物製成或具有複合摩擦塗層的球罩(cage)及一鉻或 不銹鋼球體之自潤性球形接頭是已知的。然而，咬死問題(seizing problem)出現在該球體和該軸之間。完全用聚合物製成但對於超過40MPa的動態負荷不具有抵抗性的球形接頭是已知的。
本發明的目的是要用簡單、可靠、有效、及合理的方式來克服這些缺點。
本發明所要解決的問題是一方面要讓一球形接頭的該球體及該球罩之間的接觸及另一方面該球體和該軸之間的接觸的這兩個接觸自我潤滑，用以獲得易於拆解的球體/軸接觸，該接頭被設計來用於超過40MPa的大接觸壓力。
依據本發明，該球形接頭是用厚度範圍在20微米至150微米(較佳地在20微米至130微米之間)的小厚度布料的繞組(winding)並混以一包含填充物的樹脂來形成，該布料是以具有寬度範圍在5公釐至200公釐之間的寬度的條帶形成呈現，該等條帶係依據單絲(filament)纏繞技術而被交疊成數層。
這些特徵藉由使用一較薄的條帶而提供一更佳的均質性及因為該等形成該材料的布料層的疊而提供一對於切線摩擦應力更好的抵抗性。
本發明亦因為該等條帶的交疊而造成一更好的動態負荷性能及因為更好的材料均質性而有更好靜態負 荷性能。
較佳地，該交疊角度範圍在10°至90°之間，及更佳地在30°至86°之間。
依據其它特徵，該樹脂是環氧樹脂、乙烯酯樹脂(ester vinyl)、聚酯、酚樹脂(phenolic)、聚亞醯胺或其它種類，而該等填充物是PTFE、MoS2或石墨類。
應指出的是，該等填出物的量介於體積的5%至70%之間。
依據其它特徵，該球形接頭的內孔(bore)及其周邊具有一自潤性塗層。
1‧‧‧自潤性球形接頭
1a‧‧‧內孔
2‧‧‧球罩
3‧‧‧軸
4‧‧‧自潤性材料
本發明將於下文中參考附圖作更詳細的說明，其中 圖1是該接頭組件的縱剖面圖，其是由一卡合到一自潤性球罩內的自潤性球體或球形接頭所形成且是用依據本發明的特徵交疊形成的布料所製成，用以獲得一更好的均質性。
圖2是一軸已被安裝至該球形接頭內孔中之後的一對應於圖1的圖式。
如圖所示，圖1顯示一自潤性接頭或接頭球體(1)，其卡合至一球罩(cage)(2)內。該球形接頭 (1)的內孔(1a)是用來容納一可在其內轉動地滑動的軸(3)。
該球形接頭及其周邊被塗覆一自潤性材料(4)。此塗層的目的是要避免任何咬死效應(seizing effect)。
依據本發明，該自潤性球形接頭(1)是用厚度範圍在20微米至150微米且較佳地係介於20微米至130微米之間的小厚度合成纖維布料的繞組來製成。
以條帶形式呈現該布料被混以環氧樹脂、乙烯酯樹脂(ester vinyl)、聚酯、酚樹脂(phenolic)、聚亞醯胺或其它類的樹脂。
該樹脂包含佔了5至70%體積量的PTFE、MoS2、石墨或其它種類的填充物。
此目的是要獲得在整個厚度上都是均質的產物。
該等布料條帶具有一寬度範圍在5公釐至200公釐之間的寬度且被纏繞在一直徑由單絲纏繞技術決定的心軸(mandrel)上。
該等條帶被纏繞及交疊成數層，其交疊的角度範圍在10°至90°之間且較佳地在30°至86°之間。例如，該繞組係以9疊(piles)100微米的形式呈現，其和依據現有技術之3疊300微米的形式的繞組相反。
應指出的是，該將被混以樹脂的布料可用塔夫綢(taffeta)、緞子(satin)、斜紋布(twill)或布來 製成，但亦不排除用其它的纖維織物來製成。
參考下面的測試，依據本發明的特徵及依據現有技術(軸承E1及軸承E2)之自潤性複合球形接頭形式的接頭被測試。
協議(Protocol)
該軸的本質：16NC 6CT Ra：0.4
軸承本質：
軸承的類型：球形接頭35×55×25
運動：交替式轉動90°
在預計的區域內被計算的壓力：40MPa
滑動速度：6mm/s
停止測試的要件：
摩擦係數>0.25
磨損>0.5mm
已達到的循環次數：365000次循環
測試結果：
■依據本發明的軸承：交疊式纏繞布料條帶的寬度：30mm，厚度0.10mm磨損=0.35mm F<0.1 循環次數：365000次循環。
■軸承E1：以90°纏繞布料條帶的寬度：1200mm，厚度0.30mm磨損=0.5mm F<0.2循環次數：2500次循環。
■軸承E2：以90°纏繞布料條帶的寬度：1200mm，厚度0.30mm磨損>0.5mm F<0.25循環次數：3000次循環。
從上面的描述中可清楚地看出本發明的好處，且下面所列應被特別條列出來及被提醒：-因為布料交叉交疊所以有更好的動態負荷性能，-因為材料有更好的均質性所以有更好的靜態負荷性能，-在該球形接頭和該軸之間不可能有咬死(seizing)的情形。

Claims (8)

  1. 一種自潤性接頭組件，其係在動態中的高負荷下操作且包含一組裝在一球罩(2)內的球形接頭(1)，該球形接頭(1)承接一軸(3)，其能夠在該球形接頭(1)內進行滑動、轉動、滑動及轉動的至少一者，其特徵在於該球形接頭是用厚度範圍在20微米至150微米的小厚度布料的繞組(winding)並混以一包含填充物的樹脂來形成，該布料是以具有寬度範圍在5公釐至200公釐之間的寬度的條帶形成呈現，該等條帶係藉由單絲纏繞而被交疊成數層，其中該交疊角度範圍在10°至90°之間。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之自潤性接頭組件，其中該布料厚度的範圍介於20微米至130微米之間。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之自潤性接頭組件，其中該布料是合成纖維類布料。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之自潤性接頭組件，其中該樹脂是環氧樹脂、乙烯酯樹脂(ester vinyl)、聚酯、酚樹脂(phenolic)或聚亞醯胺類。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之自潤性接頭組件，其中該等填充物是PTFE、MoS2或石墨類。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之自潤性接頭組件，其中該等填充物的量介於體積的5%至70%之間。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之自潤性接頭組件，其中該球形接頭(1)的內孔(1a)及其周邊具有一自潤性塗層。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之自潤性接頭組件，其中該交疊角度範圍進一步被界定在30°至86°之間。
TW102137326A 2012-10-22 2013-10-16 在動態高負荷下操作之自潤性接頭組件 TWI629419B (zh)

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