TWI629166B - 用於近海結構物之帶有聚醯胺護層的結構性鋼管 - Google Patents
用於近海結構物之帶有聚醯胺護層的結構性鋼管 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI629166B TWI629166B TW101112298A TW101112298A TWI629166B TW I629166 B TWI629166 B TW I629166B TW 101112298 A TW101112298 A TW 101112298A TW 101112298 A TW101112298 A TW 101112298A TW I629166 B TWI629166 B TW I629166B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- polyamide
- molding composition
- layer
- weight
- offshore
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 10
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- -1 scum Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 9
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 5
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004018 acid anhydride group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 4
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;styrene Chemical group C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006146 polyetheresteramide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CNPURSDMOWDNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-7h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine Chemical compound COC1=NC(N)=NC2=C1C=CN2 CNPURSDMOWDNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006396 polyamide 1012 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diaminooctane Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCN PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTFAGPBUAGFMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-aminopropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(N)COCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)N WTFAGPBUAGFMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDFDTKKXMZRNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,3-n-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CNC1CCCC(NC)C1 YDFDTKKXMZRNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCWIWQKUGJKWPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14-methylpentadecyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NCWIWQKUGJKWPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPQHRXRAZHNGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN DPQHRXRAZHNGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYPKRALMXUUNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hexene Natural products CCCC=CC RYPKRALMXUUNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZZMTSNZRBFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-7-fluoroquinazolin-4-amine Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC2=C1 FZZMTSNZRBFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZOPWNDXPBPDER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-aminoethyl)pentane-1,5-diamine Chemical compound NCCC(CCN)CCN LZOPWNDXPBPDER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGSBHTZEJMPDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)C(C)CC1CC1CC(C)C(N)CC1 IGSBHTZEJMPDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003319 Araldite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006152 PA1010 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004708 Very-low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011954 Ziegler–Natta catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC(CN)=C1 FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YDLSUFFXJYEVHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azonan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCN1 YDLSUFFXJYEVHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006085 branching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XRERONKQLIQWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-ene;styrene Chemical compound CCC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XRERONKQLIQWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTOVMEACOLCUCK-PLNGDYQASA-N butyl maleate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O UTOVMEACOLCUCK-PLNGDYQASA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCN YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001617 ethyl hydroxybenzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004403 ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010228 ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006228 ethylene acrylate copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005676 ethylene-propylene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylparaben Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPUXQWOMYBMHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-2,3-diene Chemical compound CCC=C=CC DPUXQWOMYBMHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- RKAMHGJXNXYFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(2-aminoethyl)-n'-[2-[bis[2-[bis(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCN(CCN)CCN(CCN(CCN)CCN)CCN(CCN)CCN RKAMHGJXNXYFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTNVHLMOGSREBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-1-phenylmethanesulfonamide Chemical compound CCCCNS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTNVHLMOGSREBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFGDFRBWKQXPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octyl-1-phenylmethanesulfonamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KFGDFRBWKQXPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIKCMEDSBFQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RIKCMEDSBFQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- FRXCPDXZCDMUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)N FRXCPDXZCDMUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
- E02D2300/0006—Plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0026—Metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
一種近海結構物(例如近海風能系統)的基礎結構係由聚醯胺模製組成物所製成之擠出層形成護層的鋼管所構成。此做法同時確保避免腐蝕之良好保護及避免機械效應之良好保護,使該基礎結構的使用壽命顯著延長。
Description
本發明係關於帶有由聚醯胺模製組成物所製成之擠出層形成之護層的結構性鋼管於近海結構物之基礎結構的用途。
近海結構物係建立在公海位置中之近海的固定結構物。該等近海結構物的實例為風能系統、鑽探平臺及燈塔。管路並非本發明目的之近海結構物。
近海結構物之基礎結構為支撐實際基礎單元的區域。在風能系統之情況下,基礎結構支撐包括渦輪機及轉子之塔。在鑽探平臺之情況下,基礎結構支撐包括上層結構之平臺。在燈塔之情況下,基礎結構支撐塔,若存在燈,亦支撐該燈。基礎結構在水下、在潮間帶、在激浪區或有時在氣溶膠區(aerosol zone)。基礎結構包括將其錨定在海床之基礎元件。
由於計劃性擴大使用風能,未來數年在北海以及其他海域與湖泊中計劃興建大量近海風能系統。近海風能系統之機械系統整體係由下列組件所組成:渦輪機、轉子、塔及基礎結構。
在水體床上位於距離海岸超過100 km之位置的該等系統之基礎的構造需要與陸上部門相當不同的特殊結構元件。該等複雜結構元件之一些區域,例如單基樁、套筒式
基樁、三腳架基樁、三基樁等曝露於高靜負載,及尤其是動態負載,以及高腐蝕性攻擊程度。視所談論之特定位置的狀態及深度而定,必須考慮的因素為50年波浪以及潮差。必須考慮的其他因素為強烈UV輻射、鹽水噴淋、浮沫、氣溶膠、溫度變化、機械負載、軟體動物及其他生物定居,以及動物生物所伴隨的機械侵蝕,以及從動物生物及其他海洋生物排出或分泌造成的化學侵蝕。該等結構元件使用鋼管,為了防腐蝕之故,該等鋼管可具有氣密密封件或可具有混凝土填充。另外可有通過該等結構性鋼管之電線或其他供應管線。
至今,結構元件所需之結構性鋼管係設計成壁厚度明顯大於(多達25%)恰好所需厚度且使用慣用塗覆材料用於此處之腐蝕防護,該等材料大部分以環氧樹脂為底質或以聚胺基甲酸酯為底質。該等塗覆材料系統並未提供對於機械負載之任何特別防護。
WO 2009/027429揭示使用具有帶有聚醯胺層形成之護層的金屬管來製造無任何溝槽或砂床之鋪設的管路。WO 2010/094528揭示使用帶有由聚醯胺模製組成物所製成之擠出層形成之護層的金屬管來製造在水中鋪設的管路。然而,在二者情況下,管路不曝露於在本發明中典型且包括例如嚴重波浪衝擊之機械負載、腐蝕性攻擊及UV攻擊的組合。
本發明係以提供近海結構物之基礎結構用的結構性鋼管之目的為基礎,該等結構性鋼管比至今已知之相關管更有效地提供對於機械負載的防護,以及對於腐蝕及UV照射的防護。
將帶有由聚醯胺模製組成物所製成之擠出層形成之護層的鋼管用於併入近海結構物的基礎結構獲致該等目的及從申請案文件明顯看出之其他目的。
近海結構物較佳為近海風能系統、鑽探平臺或燈塔。
近海風能系統之基礎結構係支撐塔的結構。其從錨定在海床的基礎元件延伸,且藉由水下結構延續,直到塔開始之點,該點可高於靜水面。
所使用之基礎結構的類型如下:單基樁結構係由一中空圓柱形樁所組成。單基樁係用於許多鄰近海岸之歐洲近海風場(wind park);其適於作為水深至多約20米之基礎。單基樁之裝設容易且迅速;然而構造需要極重的打樁設備。
套筒式基樁係類似慣用高壓電塔(electricity pylon)中所使用之結構的鋼骨架。樁將套筒式基樁的四個腳錨定在海床中。在石油產業中,套筒式基樁之結構已證實成功地用於相對較深的水域。骨架結構可比單基樁節省40至50%之鋼。因此,當該結構用於較深水域時此只相對小幅增加計劃成本。由於個別結構組件相對較小,彼等容易製造且可容易運送及裝設。
三腳架基樁之結構係由三隻鋼管所形成的腳所組成,
且中央管係疊置在該三腳架基樁中心。該三腳架基樁的各隻腳可位在一個樁上或在複數個樁上。為了打樁,在所形成之正三角形頂點配置有定心套管。存在連接該樁與其他樁之水平支柱,且該樁係利用斜撐桿附接至中央管。該中央管非直接結合於海床。由於此處使用具有相對較小直徑之鋼管,故三腳架基樁可用於比20米更深之水域。
四腳架基樁涉及使用四隻腳代替三隻腳之三腳架基樁的修改。此在非常深的水域中獲致基礎剛性提高。
三基樁係由錨定在水下的三個鋼柱所組成。三腳架基樁結構係疊置在高於水面之該等鋼柱上。根據製造廠商之資訊,三基樁基礎適用於深度為25至50米之水域。
該等結構元件係描述於例如下列出版品中:Fundamente für Offshore-Windenergieanlagen [Foundations for offshore wind energy systems], Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH,12/09發行- Florian Biehl, Kollisionssicherheit von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen [Collision safety of offshore wind energy systems], Stahlbau,第78(6)卷,第402-409頁(2009);- K. Lesny, W. Richwien (Editors), Gründung von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen - Werkzeuge für Planung and Bemessung [Foundations for offshore wind energy systems - tools for design and dimensioning], VGE Verlag Glückauf 2008, ISBN:
978-3-86797-035-8;- DE 103 10 708 A1。
根據本發明可使用之聚醯胺可從二胺及二羧酸之組合、從ω-胺基羧酸或從對應之內醯胺製造。原則上,可能使用例如聚醯胺,例如PA46、PA6、PA66或以彼等為底質之具有衍生自對苯二甲酸及/或間苯二甲酸之單元的共聚醯胺(所使用之通式為PPA)。在一較佳具體實例中,單體單元包含平均至少8、至少9或至少10個碳原子。在內醯胺之混合物的情況下,其為此處所考慮的算術平均。在二胺及二羧酸之組合的情況下,較佳具體實例之二胺及二羧酸之碳原子數的算術平均必須為至少8、至少9或至少10。適用之聚醯胺實例為PA610(其可從六亞甲二胺[6個碳原子]及癸二酸[10個碳原子]製造,因此此處單體單元中之碳原子的平均數為8)、PA88(其可從八亞甲二胺及1,8-辛二酸製造)、PA8(其可從辛醯基內醯胺(caprylolactam)製造)、PA612、PA810、PA108、PA9、PA613、PA614、PA812、PA128、PA1010、PA10、PA814、PA148、PA1012、PA11、PA1014、PA1212及PA12。聚醯胺之製造為先前技術。當然,亦可能使用以聚醯胺為底質之共聚醯胺,此處隨意地亦可能伴隨使用諸如己內醯胺之單體。
聚醯胺亦可為聚醚酯醯胺或聚醚醯胺。聚醚醯胺從例如DE-A 30 06 961原則上已知。其包含聚醚二胺作為共聚單體。適用之聚醚二胺可經由對應聚醚二醇之反應性胺化
或以後續之氫化偶合至丙烯腈的轉化而獲得(例如EP-A-0 434 244;EP-A-0 296 852)。其數量平均分子量通常為230至4000;其聚醚醯胺含量較佳為5至50重量%。
從丙二醇所衍生之聚醚二胺可從Huntsman購得,其為產品JEFFAMINE® D。從1,4-丁二醇或1,3-丁二醇所衍生之聚醚二胺亦具有良好適用性,具混合結構(例如具有從二醇所衍生之單元的雜亂或嵌段狀分布)之聚醚醯胺亦如此。
亦可使用各種不同聚醯胺之混合物,其先決條件係具有適當相容性。熟悉本技術之人士知道可相容聚醯胺組合;此處可列出之組合為例如PA12/PA1012、PA12/PA1212、PA612/PA12、PA613/PA12、PA1014/PA12及PA610/PA12,以及具有PA11之對應組合。在有疑問的情況下,可藉由例行實驗在測定可相容組合。
一較佳具體實例使用30至99重量%,特別是較佳為40至98重量%,特佳為50至96重量%之較狹義聚醯胺,以及1至70重量%,特別是較佳為2至60重量%,特佳為4至50重量%之聚醚酯醯胺及/或聚醚醯胺之混合物。此處,較佳為聚醚醯胺。
模製組成物可包含其他組分連同聚醯胺,該等其他組分為例如耐衝擊性改質劑、其他熱塑性塑膠、塑化劑及其他慣用添加劑。唯一的要求係聚醯胺形成模製組成物的基質。
適用之耐衝擊性改質劑實例為乙烯/α-烯烴共聚物,較
佳係選自
a)具有20至96,較佳為25至85重量%之乙烯的乙烯/C3-C12-α-烯烴共聚物。所使用之C3-C12-α-烯烴的比例為丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯或1-十二烯。此處之典型實例為乙烯-丙烯橡膠,以及LLDPE及VLDPE。
b)具有20至96,較佳為25至85重量%之乙烯及至多約10重量%之非共軛二烯(諸如雙環[2.2.1]庚二烯、1.4-己二烯、二環戊二烯或5-乙二烯降莰烯)之乙烯/C3-C12-α-烯烴/非共軛二烯三元共聚物。適用之C3-C12-α-烯烴同樣為例如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯或1-十二烯。
該等共聚物或三元共聚物之製造,例如藉由戚-納觸媒(Ziegler-Natta catalyst)之助來製造為先前技術。
其他適用之耐衝擊性改質劑為苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯嵌段共聚物。此處,較佳係使用可經由苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物之氫化製得的苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)。然而,亦可能使用二嵌段系統(SEB)或多嵌段系統。此類型之嵌段共聚物為先前技術。
該等耐衝擊性改質劑較佳包含酸酐基,其係以習知方式在足以良好偶合至聚醯胺的濃度下經由主鏈聚合物與不飽和二羧酸酐、不飽和二羧酸或不飽和二羧酸之單烷酯之熱反應或自由基反應來導入。適用之試劑的實例為順丁烯
二酸、順丁烯二酸酐、順丁烯二酸一丁酯、反丁烯二酸、檸康酸酐、烏頭酸或衣康酸酐。較佳係藉由該方法將0.1至4重量%之不飽和酐接枝至耐衝擊性改質劑。根據先前技術,不飽和二羧酸酐或其前驅物亦可與其他不飽和單體(諸如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯或茚)一起用作接枝。
其他適用之耐衝擊性改質劑係含有下列單體之單元的共聚物:a)20至94.5重量%之一或多種具有2至12個碳原子的α-烯烴,b)5至79.5重量%之一或多種丙烯酸化合物,其係選自- 丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其鹽,- 丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸分別與C1-C12醇之酯,其中該等酯隨意地帶有游離羥基或環氧官能基,- 丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈,- 丙烯醯胺或甲基丙烯醯胺,c)0.5至50重量%之烯烴不飽和環氧化物、羧酸酐、甲醯亞胺、唑啉或酮。
該等共聚物於WO 2010/094528中更詳細描述;該文獻之揭示係明確併入本申請案中。
在一較佳具體實例,此處之聚醯胺模製組成物包含下列組分:1. 60至96.5重量份之聚醯胺,2. 3至39.5重量份之含有酸酐基之耐衝擊性改質組分
,其中該耐衝擊性改質組分係選自乙烯/α-烯烴共聚物及苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯嵌段共聚物,3. 0.5至20重量份之含有下列單體的單元之共聚物:a)20至94.5重量%之一或多種具有2至12個碳原子的α-烯烴,b)5至79.5重量%之一或多種丙烯酸化合物,其係選自- 丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其鹽,- 丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸分別與C1-C12醇之酯,其中該酯隨意地帶有游離羥基或環氧官能基,- 丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈,- 丙烯醯胺或甲基丙烯醯胺,c)0.5至50重量%之烯烴不飽和環氧化物、羧酸酐、甲醯亞胺、唑啉或酮,其中根據1、2及3項之組分的總重量份為100。
在較佳具體實例中,模製組成物包含:1. 65至90重量份,特佳為70至85重量份之聚醯胺,2. 5至30重量份,特別是較佳為6至25重量份,特佳為7至20重量份之耐衝擊性改質組分,3. 0.6至15重量份,特佳為0.7至10重量份之共聚物,其較佳含有下列單體之單元:a)30至80重量%之α-烯烴,b)7至70重量%,特佳為10至60重量%之丙烯酸
化合物,c)1至40重量%,特佳為5至30重量%之烯烴不飽和環氧化物、羧酸酐、甲醯亞胺、唑啉或酮。
亦可使用之其他耐衝擊性改質組分為腈橡膠(NBR)或氫化之腈橡膠(HNBR),其中該等橡膠隨意地含有官能基。US2003/0220449A1描述對應之模製組成物。
可用於聚醯胺模製組成物之其他熱塑性塑膠主要為聚烯烴。在一具體實例中,如上述關於耐衝擊性改質劑之較早期階段,可含有酸酐基,然後隨意地一同存在未官能化之耐衝擊性改質劑。在其他具體實例中,該等耐衝擊性改質劑係未官能化且與經官能基化耐衝擊性改質劑或與經官能化聚烯烴組合存在模製組成物。「經官能化」一辭意指根據先前技術已具有可與聚醯胺之端基反應的基團,例如酸酐基、羧基、環氧基或唑啉基。此處較佳為下列成分:1. 50至95重量份之聚醯胺,2. 1至49重量份之經官能化或未經官能化聚烯烴,以及3. 1至49重量份之經官能化或未經官能化耐衝擊性改質劑,其中根據1、2及3項之組分的總重量份為100。
聚烯烴之實例為聚乙烯或聚丙烯。原則上,可能使用任何市售等級。因此可使用者之實例為:高密度、中密度
或低密度直鏈聚乙烯、LDPE、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、同排或雜排同元聚丙烯、丙烯與乙烯之雜亂共聚物及/或1-丁烯、乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物等。聚烯烴可藉由任何已知方法製造,例如藉由戚-納或菲利普斯法(Phillips process),或利用二茂金屬,或藉由自由基途徑製造。在此情況下,聚醯胺亦可為例如PA6及/或PA66。
在一可能具體實例中,模製組成物包含1至25重量%之塑化劑,特別是較佳為2至20重量%,特佳為3至15重量%。
已知塑化劑及其與聚醯胺之用途。適合聚醯胺之塑化劑的概述可見Gächter/Müller,Kunststoffadditive[Plastics Additives],C.Hanser Verlag,第2版,第296頁。適合作為塑化劑之慣用化合物實例為醇組分中具有2至20個碳原子之對羥苯甲酸之酯,或胺組分中具有2至12個碳原子之芳基磺酸之醯胺,較佳為苯磺酸之醯胺。可使用之塑化劑尤其是對羥苯甲酸乙酯、對羥苯甲酸辛酯、對羥苯甲酸異十六酯、N-正辛基甲苯磺醯胺、N-正丁基甲苯磺醯胺或N-2-乙基己基甲苯磺醯胺。
模製組成物可另外亦包含慣用量之添加劑,需要該等添加劑以便建立特定性質。該等添加劑之實例為顏料或填料(諸如碳黑、二氧化鈦、硫化鋅)、矽酸鹽或碳酸鹽強化纖維(例如玻璃纖維)、處理助劑(諸如蠟、硬脂酸鋅或硬脂酸鈣)、滯焰劑(諸如氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁或氰尿
酸三聚氰胺)、抗氧化劑、UV安定劑、水解安定劑以及給予產物抗靜電性質或導電性之添加劑(例如碳纖維、石墨原纖維、不鏽鋼纖維,或傳導性碳黑)。聚醯胺模製組成物較佳包含0.01至3重量%之碳黑以改善抗UV性,以及包含殺生物劑以抑制軟體動物及其他海洋生物定居。
當所施加之聚醯胺模製組成物於240℃且剪切速率為0.1 1/s下之黏度為至少2000 Pa.s,較佳為至少2300 Pa.s,更佳為至少3000 Pa.s,特佳為至少5000 Pa.s,及最佳為至少8000 Pa.s時,聚醯胺護層尤其獲得良好機械堅固性。黏度係根據ASTM D4440-3以板錐黏度計測定。
聚醯胺模製組成物的高黏度通常伴隨聚醯胺之高分子量。溶液黏度係聚醯胺之分子量的度量。為了本發明目的,較佳係所施加之模製組成物中的聚醯胺之相對溶液黏度ηrel為至少1.5,更佳為至少1.8,特佳為至少2.0,及最佳為至少2.2,此係根據ISO 307在23℃下以間甲酚中之0.5重量%溶液測量。
用於製造此類型聚醯胺之已知方法為丸粒化低黏度聚醯胺之固相後縮合,以產生在低於熔點之溫度下為高黏度的聚醯胺。該方法係描述於例如CH 359 286以及US 3 821 171。聚醯胺之固相後縮合通常係在惰性氣體或真空下在分批或連續操作之乾燥器中進行。該方法使得能製造具有非常高分子量之聚醯胺。
製造高黏度聚醯胺之其他方法為使用各種不同以螺桿為基礎的裝備以熔體連續後縮合。
WO 2006/079890陳述高黏度聚醯胺模製組成物可藉由混合高分子量聚醯胺與低分子量聚醯胺來獲得。
其他獲得高黏度聚醯胺或高黏度聚醯胺模製組成物的可能途徑係使用提高分子量之添加劑;適用之添加劑及/或方法係描述於例如下列說明書:WO 98/47940、WO 96/34909、WO 01/66633、WO 03/066704、JP-A-01/197526、JP-A-01/236238、DE-B-24 58 733、EP-A-1 329 481、EP-A-1 518 901、EP-A-1 512 710、EP-A-1 690 889、EP-A-1 690 890及WO 00/66650。
然而,在該模處之高壓力情況下,根據該先前技術所製造的模製組成物通常在擠出製程中需要非常高之電流消耗或非常高之轉矩。此外,高剪力造成明顯的鏈裂,因而於處理期間降低分子量。
因此,為了本發明目的,較佳係該借助於提高分子量之添加劑而提高聚醯胺模製組成物的分子量之縮合製程係延遲直至該處理製程開始。因此,本發明亦提出根據管之主張權項的用途,其中由聚醯胺模製組成物所製成之擠出層已藉由以下處理步驟施加:a)提供聚醯胺模製組成物,b)製造該聚醯胺模製組成物與提高分子量之添加劑(例如具有至少兩個碳酸酯酯單元之化合物)的預混合物,c)若情況適宜,貯存及/或運送該混合物,d)然後將該混合物用於擠出製程,其中提高分子量
之縮合製程係延遲直至此擠出製程開始。
已發現在處理期間使用該添加模式發生熔體勁度顯著提高,然而馬達上之負載同時降低。因此,即使熔體黏度高,亦可能獲致高處理產出,其結果係改善該製造方法之成本效益。下文茲以例如提高分子量之添加劑為具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物的情況來描述該方法。
起始聚醯胺之分子量Mn較佳係大於5000,特別是大於8000。此處所使用之聚醯胺為端基係至少某些程度具有胺基之形式者。例如,至少30%、至少40%、至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、至少80%或至少90%端基為胺基端基之形式。使用二胺或多胺作為鏈轉移劑來製造具有相對較高胺基端基含量之聚醯胺為先前技術。在本實例中,較佳係使用具有4至44個碳原子之脂族、環脂族或芳脂族二胺作為鏈轉移劑來製造該聚醯胺。適用之二胺實例為六亞甲二胺、十亞甲二胺、2,2,4-或2,4,4-三甲基六亞甲二胺、十二亞甲二胺、1,4-二胺基環己烷、1,4-或1,3-二甲基胺基環己烷、4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、4,4'-二胺基-3,3'-二甲基二環己基甲烷、4,4'-二胺基二環己基丙烷、異佛酮二胺、間伸苯二甲基二胺或對伸苯二甲基二胺。
在其他較佳具體實例中,於製造聚醯胺期間使用多胺作為鏈轉移劑且同時作為分支劑。此處之實例為二伸乙三胺、1,5-二胺基-3-(β-胺乙基)戊烷、參(2-胺乙基)胺
、N,N-雙(2-胺乙基)-N',N'-雙[2-[雙(2-胺乙基)胺基]乙基]-1,2-乙二胺、樹枝狀聚合物,及聚乙亞胺,特別是分支聚乙亞胺,其可經由吖環丙烷之聚合而獲得(Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie[Methods of organic chemistry],第E20卷,第1482-1487頁,Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart,1987),且通常具有以下胺基分布:25至46%之一級胺基,30至45%之二級胺基,及16至40%之三級胺基。
具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物的使用數量比例為0.005至10重量%,此係相對所使用之聚醯胺計算之比率。該比率較佳係在0.01至5.0重量%之範圍,特佳係在0.05至3重量%之範圍。此處「碳酸酯」一辭意指碳酸特別與酚或與醇之酯。
具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物可為低分子量或寡聚或聚合化合物。其可完全由碳酸酯單元所組成,或亦可具有其他單元。此等較佳為寡聚或聚醯胺單元、寡聚或聚酯單元、寡聚或聚醚單元、寡聚或聚醚酯醯胺單元,或寡聚或聚醚醯胺單元。該等化合物可經由已知之寡聚或聚合方法,或藉由聚合物-類似物反應來製造。
在一較佳具體實例中,具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物為聚碳酸酯,例如以雙酚A為底質之聚碳酸酯,或為含有此類聚碳酸酯嵌段之嵌段共聚物。
當該用作添加劑且具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物
係以母料之形式計量加入時,由於用量較大,故使得能更精確計量該添加劑。此外已發現使用母料添加劑改善擠出物品質。該母料較佳包含分子量亦因本發明之縮合製程而提高之聚醯胺,或可與之相容但在反應條件下不相容聚醯胺與分子量因縮合製程而提高之聚醯胺之間亦可能發生部分鍵聯且此造成相容的聚醯胺作為基質材料。用作母料中之基質材料的聚醯胺之分子量Mn較佳係大於5000,特別是大於8000。較佳者為端基主要呈羧酸基形式之聚醯胺。例如,至少80%、至少90%或至少95%之端基為酸基形式。或者,可能使用端基主要為胺基之聚醯胺;此方法獲致經改良之抗水解性。
母料中的具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物的濃度較佳為0.15至50重量%,特別是較佳為0.2至25重量%,特佳為0.3至15重量%。此類型之母料係以熟悉本技術之人士已知之一般方法製造。
適用之具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元的化合物及適用之母料係詳細描述於WO 00/66650,該案係以明確引用之方式併入本文中。
本發明可併用因製程之故而包含至少5 ppm之呈酸性化合物形式的磷之聚醯胺。該例中,在配料製程之前或在配料製程期間,將以聚醯胺計為0.001至10重量%之弱酸的鹽加入聚醯胺。DE-A 103 37 707揭示適用之鹽,該案係以明確引用之方式併入本文中。
然而,本發明具有與因製程之故而包含少於5 ppm之
呈酸性化合物形式的磷或無磷之聚醯胺同等良好的應用性。雖然於此例中可添加對應之弱酸的鹽,但不一定必須添加。
直至配料製程之後(即,直至製造聚醯胺模製組成物之後但至少在處理期間),具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物係以原狀態添加或呈母料形式。較佳係在處理期間,分子量因縮合製程而提高之聚醯胺或分子量因縮合製程而提高之聚醯胺模製組成物係以丸粒形式與具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物的丸粒或粉末混合,或與對應之母料混合。然而,亦可能製造完成配料之聚醯胺模製組成物的丸粒與具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物或與母料的混合物,然後運送或貯存,之後再予以處理。在對應操作中自然亦可能使用粉末混合物。決定性因素係該混合物直到處理開始才熔融。建議在處理期間徹底混合該熔體。然而,亦同樣可能的是借助於輔助擠出器來將呈熔體流形式之母料計量加入待處理之聚醯胺模製組成物的熔體,然後藉由徹底混合而結合;在該例中,處理步驟b)及(d)係結合。
亦可能使用任何其他適用的提高分子量之添加劑來代替具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物,例如上述文獻中所揭示的添加劑。此處再次,適用的數量比例為0.005至10重量%(此係相對所使用之聚醯胺計算之比率),較佳為0.01至5.0重量%,特別是較佳為0.05至3重量%。
所施加之聚醯胺層的厚度必須至少足以在施加製程之條件下製造結合層。較佳係該層厚度為至少0.5 mm,特
別是至少1.0 mm,及至少是至少1.2 mm。
通常已證實成功的巴厚度為高達約8 mm,較佳為高達約7 mm,特佳為高達約6 mm,特佳者為高達約5 mm。然而,若有必要,亦可能選擇性較厚層,例如高達30 mm或更厚。
聚醯胺層可直接施加在金屬表面上。在該例中,較有利的是該多胺模製組成物包含黏著樹脂,例如環氧樹脂(例如Araldite®)。然而,該金屬表面與該聚醯胺層之間通常存在至少額外層。此處所涉及的層可為例如下述:- 陶瓷層,例如根據WO 03/093374;- 底塗層,例如由環氧樹脂製成(US 5 580 659)或由環氧樹脂與聚丙烯酸酯乳膠之水為底質的混合物製成(WO 00/04106);- 黏著促進劑層,由熱熔融聚醯胺黏著劑所製成,其可例如藉由噴霧等作為粉末施加(EP 1 808 468 A2),或由帶有官能基之聚烯烴製成。可使用之官能基為例如羧基或酸酐基(WO 02/094922)、環氧基或烷氧基矽烷基(EP-A-0 346 101)。該聚烯烴層亦可經發泡。該聚烯烴較佳為聚乙烯或聚丙烯;- 具有不同成分之黏著促進劑,目的在於確保機械應力不損害及聚醯胺層與下層材料之間的結合;- 呈編織或墊形式之紡織品強化物,例如由玻璃纖維或芳族聚醯胺纖維(Kevlar)製成。
以下列層配置為佳:金屬/陶瓷層/聚醯胺層;金屬/陶瓷層/底塗層/聚醯胺層;金屬/陶瓷層/底塗層/黏著促進劑/聚醯胺層;金屬/底塗層/聚醯胺層;金屬/底塗層/黏著促進劑/聚醯胺層;金屬/底塗層/聚烯烴層/聚醯胺層;金屬/底塗層/黏著促進劑/聚烯烴層/聚醯胺層;金屬/底塗層/黏著促進劑/聚烯烴層/黏著促進劑/聚醯胺層;金屬/黏著促進劑/聚醯胺層。
可使用任何所需之方法來將可能的陶瓷層、底塗層及/或聚烯烴層施加至管。適用之方法為先前技術。
聚醯胺層係根據已知方法施加,例如藉由擠出管法或擠出包覆法來施加。在一可能變體中,聚醯胺層連同一樣待施加之聚烯烴層或黏著促進劑層係經由多層複合物之共擠出製造及施加。
擠出管法或擠出包覆法為長期來已成功運用的使管帶有護層之方法。該方法係更詳細描述於Stahlrohr-Handbuch[Steel tube handbook],第12版,第392-409頁,Vulkan-Verlag Essen,1995。
金屬管之外徑較佳為至少20 mm且至多7000 mm。
個別管係以已知方式,例如經由熔接而彼此結構性結合。
由於所施加之聚醯胺層具有高機械強度、良好耐磨蝕性、非常高之耐刮性、良好黏著性以及最佳化之厚度及優異的抗海水及大氣影響之抗性,故本發明可確保良好的腐蝕防護與對於機械效應之良好防護。
本發明亦提出所獲得之基礎結構在主張權項中用於近海結構物的用途,例如用於近海風能系統。由於擠出塗覆方法大幅減少塗覆瑕疵的程度,故與先前技術結構相較之下,本發明之此基礎結構的特徵係更顯著延長之使用壽命。
Claims (9)
- 一種帶有由聚醯胺模製組成物所製成之擠出層形成之護層的鋼管之用途,其係用於併入近海結構物的基礎結構,其中該近海結構物為近海風能系統、鑽探平臺或燈塔。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該擠出層係由厚度為0.5至30mm之聚醯胺模製組成物所組成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中介於該鋼管與該由聚醯胺模製組成物所製成的層之間存在選自下列者所組成之群組中之一或多層:- 陶瓷層- 底塗層- 黏著促進劑層及- 呈編織物或氈形式之紡織品強化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中根據ASTM D4440-3,該擠出之聚醯胺模製組成物的黏度於240℃且在0.1l/s之剪切速率下為至少2000Pa.s。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中根據ISO 307,該擠出之模製組成物中之聚醯胺的相對溶液黏度ηrel為至少1.5。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中由聚醯胺模製組成物所製成之擠出層已藉由以下處理步驟施加:a)提供聚醯胺模製組成物,b)製造該聚醯胺模製組成物與提高分子量之添加劑的預混合物,c)若情況適宜,貯存及/或運送該混合物,d)然後將該混合物用於擠出製程,其中提高分子量之縮合製程係延遲直至此擠出製程開始。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之用途,其中該提高分子量之添加劑為具有至少兩個碳酸酯單元之化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該近海結構物為近海風能系統,且該基礎結構為單基樁(monopile)、套筒式基樁、三腳架基樁(tripod)、四腳架基樁(quadropod)或三基樁(tripile)。
- 一種近海結構物之基礎結構,其係根據申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項之用途而製得,其中該近海結構物為近海風能系統、鑽探平臺或燈塔。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011007104A DE102011007104A1 (de) | 2011-04-11 | 2011-04-11 | Mit Polyamid umhüllte Stahlkonstruktionsrohre für Offshore-Bauwerke |
??102011007104.0 | 2011-04-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201307056A TW201307056A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
TWI629166B true TWI629166B (zh) | 2018-07-11 |
Family
ID=45954412
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW101112298A TWI629166B (zh) | 2011-04-11 | 2012-04-06 | 用於近海結構物之帶有聚醯胺護層的結構性鋼管 |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9982410B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2511430B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2012219616A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20120116865A (zh) |
CN (2) | CN102733415A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR085969A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR102012008410B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2773347C (zh) |
CL (1) | CL2012000901A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102011007104A1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK2511430T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2012003980A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY164947A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2511430T3 (zh) |
RU (2) | RU2012113908A (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI629166B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012207173A1 (de) | 2012-04-30 | 2013-10-31 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Beschichteter Metallgegenstand |
DE102012207179A1 (de) | 2012-04-30 | 2013-10-31 | Evonik Industries Ag | Verschleißindikatorsystem für Offshore-Korrosionsschutz-Umhüllungssysteme |
CN105538790A (zh) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-04 | 河北瑞邦新材料科技有限公司 | 一种钢塑木复合型材 |
DE102016122016A1 (de) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-17 | Wallstein Ingenieur Gmbh | Wärmetauscher |
EP3477176A1 (de) | 2017-10-25 | 2019-05-01 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit einem inliner ausgekleideten rohres |
US11186961B2 (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-11-30 | Mark A. Porter | Extruded fiber reinforced PVC grooved pile |
KR102205216B1 (ko) * | 2019-05-27 | 2021-01-21 | 김경희 | 세라믹 일체형 내마모성 복합관 및 이의 제조방법 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2752992A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-26 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Use of a conduit pipe for producing a duct laid in water |
Family Cites Families (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE551476A (zh) | 1955-10-08 | |||
US3821171A (en) | 1971-07-01 | 1974-06-28 | Du Pont | Continuous,solid-phase polymerization of polyamide granules |
GB1566722A (en) * | 1976-03-25 | 1980-05-08 | Hollandse Beton Mij Bv | Marine structures |
CH642982A5 (de) | 1979-02-26 | 1984-05-15 | Inventa Ag | Polyaetherpolyamide. |
US4743142A (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1988-05-10 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Precoated corrosion-resistant steel pipe piles for marine use, and structure thereof |
US5435667A (en) * | 1986-02-20 | 1995-07-25 | Slickbar Products Corp. | Protection of piles |
FI80853C (sv) | 1988-06-07 | 1990-08-10 | Neste Oy | Plastbelagt stålrör |
US4833213A (en) | 1987-06-26 | 1989-05-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of making purely primary diamines from nitrogen containing nocleophile and terminally electrophilically active polyether |
JPH0627191B2 (ja) | 1988-02-02 | 1994-04-13 | 帝人株式会社 | 超高分子量ポリアミド成形体の製造方法 |
JPH0627192B2 (ja) | 1988-03-17 | 1994-04-13 | 帝人株式会社 | 末端カルボキシル基量の増加したポリアミドの製造方法 |
US5003107A (en) | 1989-12-18 | 1991-03-26 | Texaco Chemical Company | Catalytic method for the reductive amination of poly(oxytetramethyle) glycols |
JPH03281822A (ja) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-12-12 | Nippon Steel Corp | 重防食被覆角鋼管杭およびその製造法 |
US5087154A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-02-11 | Mpt Services, Inc. | Coatings and process affording corrosion protection for marine structures |
US5464886A (en) | 1990-10-19 | 1995-11-07 | Tran; Bang T. | Polymer concrete coating for pipe, tubular shapes, other metal members and metal structures |
IT1255234B (it) * | 1992-07-17 | 1995-10-20 | Himont Inc | Procedimento per la riparazione dei rivestimenti in materiali plastici espansi di tubi metallici |
US6500565B2 (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 2002-12-31 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Limited | Corrosion resistant resin coating structure in a metal tube |
US5972450A (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1999-10-26 | Bundy Corporation | Metal tubing coated with multiple layers of polymeric materials |
US5932306A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1999-08-03 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Limited | Corrosion-and-chipping-resistant resin coating structure for stainless steel pipes |
BE1009365A3 (nl) | 1995-05-04 | 1997-02-04 | Dsm Nv | Hoogmoleculair polyamide. |
DE69803601T2 (de) | 1997-04-22 | 2002-10-17 | Dsm Nv | Hochmolekulares polyamid |
JP4345995B2 (ja) * | 1997-05-20 | 2009-10-14 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | 重合被覆金属管 |
AU5028299A (en) | 1998-07-13 | 2000-02-07 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Waterborne epoxy resin coating compositions |
DE19920336C2 (de) | 1999-05-03 | 2002-10-24 | Brueggemann Kg Sprit Und Chem | Verfahren zur Aufkondensierung von Polyamiden |
DE10010669A1 (de) * | 2000-03-04 | 2001-09-06 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines extrusionsbeschichteten Metallgegenstands |
NL1014604C2 (nl) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-11 | Dsm Nv | Werkwijze voor ketenverlenging. |
DE10117113A1 (de) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-10 | Joachim Falkenhagen | Gittermast-Monopfahl als Tragkonstruktion für offshore-Windkraftanlagen |
EP1260547A1 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-11-27 | Borealis Technology OY | Polyolefin coated steel pipes |
DE10201903A1 (de) | 2002-01-19 | 2003-07-31 | Degussa | Formmasse auf Basis von Polyetheramiden |
PT1470175E (pt) | 2002-02-01 | 2007-04-30 | Lariant Internat Ltd | Extensores de cadeia oligoméricos para processamento, pós-processamento e reciclagem de polímeros de condensação, síntese, composições e aplicações |
JP2003252288A (ja) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-10 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 洋上風力発電の浮体式基礎構造物 |
DK1652887T3 (da) | 2002-03-04 | 2013-01-28 | Arkema France | Sammensætning på basis af polyamid til slanger, der indeholder olie eller gas |
US20030207103A1 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-06 | Zvosec Charles M. | System and method for protecting surfaces against corrosive compounds |
DE10310708A1 (de) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-09-23 | Mahlke, Bernd, Dr.-Ing | Fundament für Offshore Windenergieanlagen |
DE10333005A1 (de) | 2003-07-18 | 2005-02-03 | Degussa Ag | Formmasse auf Basis von Polyetheramiden |
DE10337707A1 (de) * | 2003-08-16 | 2005-04-07 | Degussa Ag | Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Molekulargewichts bei Polyamiden |
JP4575061B2 (ja) | 2004-07-23 | 2010-11-04 | 第一建設機工株式会社 | 洋上風力発電施設の施工方法 |
JP4606086B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-09 | 2011-01-05 | 株式会社竹中土木 | 風力発電施設のモノパイル式基礎構造 |
DE102004063220A1 (de) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-07-13 | Degussa Ag | Transparente Formmassen |
WO2006079890A1 (de) | 2005-01-27 | 2006-08-03 | Ems-Chemie Ag | Hochviskose formmassen auf basis von thermoplastischen polymeren sowie deren verwendung |
JP4351640B2 (ja) | 2005-02-09 | 2009-10-28 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 防食被覆構造 |
DE102005007035A1 (de) | 2005-02-15 | 2006-08-17 | Degussa Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen unter Erhöhung der Schmelzesteifigkeit |
DE102005007034A1 (de) * | 2005-02-15 | 2006-08-17 | Degussa Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen unter Erhöhung der Schmelzesteifigkeit |
DE102006002125A1 (de) | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-19 | Degussa Gmbh | Reaktive Schmelzklebstoffe enthaltende Hybridbauteile |
RU2304664C1 (ru) | 2006-02-20 | 2007-08-20 | Аркадий Викторович Козлович | Винтовая свая |
DE102007040683A1 (de) | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-05 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Umhüllte Rohrleitung |
DE102008001873A1 (de) | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-26 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Kerbschlagzähe Polyarylenetherketon-Formmasse |
-
2011
- 2011-04-11 DE DE102011007104A patent/DE102011007104A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-03-22 MY MYPI2012001310A patent/MY164947A/en unknown
- 2012-03-28 PL PL12161634T patent/PL2511430T3/pl unknown
- 2012-03-28 DK DK12161634.6T patent/DK2511430T3/da active
- 2012-03-28 EP EP12161634.6A patent/EP2511430B1/de active Active
- 2012-04-02 MX MX2012003980A patent/MX2012003980A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-04-05 CA CA2773347A patent/CA2773347C/en active Active
- 2012-04-06 TW TW101112298A patent/TWI629166B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-04-09 JP JP2012088482A patent/JP2012219616A/ja active Pending
- 2012-04-10 US US13/443,453 patent/US9982410B2/en active Active
- 2012-04-10 CL CL2012000901A patent/CL2012000901A1/es unknown
- 2012-04-10 KR KR1020120037280A patent/KR20120116865A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-04-10 RU RU2012113908/03A patent/RU2012113908A/ru unknown
- 2012-04-10 CN CN2012101026743A patent/CN102733415A/zh active Pending
- 2012-04-10 CN CN201710441757.8A patent/CN107299642A/zh active Pending
- 2012-04-10 BR BR102012008410A patent/BR102012008410B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2012-04-11 AR ARP120101231A patent/AR085969A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2017
- 2017-08-09 RU RU2017128432A patent/RU2017128432A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2752992A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-26 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Use of a conduit pipe for producing a duct laid in water |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2511430T3 (pl) | 2014-04-30 |
CL2012000901A1 (es) | 2014-07-25 |
TW201307056A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
CA2773347A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
KR20120116865A (ko) | 2012-10-23 |
EP2511430A1 (de) | 2012-10-17 |
CN107299642A (zh) | 2017-10-27 |
JP2012219616A (ja) | 2012-11-12 |
MX2012003980A (es) | 2012-10-26 |
RU2012113908A (ru) | 2013-10-20 |
US20120257932A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
EP2511430B1 (de) | 2013-10-30 |
BR102012008410B1 (pt) | 2020-05-19 |
US9982410B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
AR085969A1 (es) | 2013-11-06 |
CA2773347C (en) | 2019-04-30 |
MY164947A (en) | 2018-02-15 |
DK2511430T3 (da) | 2014-02-03 |
DE102011007104A1 (de) | 2012-10-11 |
RU2017128432A (ru) | 2019-02-11 |
CN102733415A (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
BR102012008410A2 (pt) | 2013-06-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI629166B (zh) | 用於近海結構物之帶有聚醯胺護層的結構性鋼管 | |
KR101560847B1 (ko) | 피복된 파이프라인 | |
KR101717068B1 (ko) | 수중 매설되는 덕트를 제조하기 위한 도관 파이프의 용도 | |
CN103372534B (zh) | 涂覆的金属物件 | |
US9919494B2 (en) | Metallic pipe having a hydrolysis-resistant layer of a polyamide moulding composition |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |