TWI623370B - Solder material and solder joint - Google Patents

Solder material and solder joint Download PDF

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TWI623370B
TWI623370B TW103122212A TW103122212A TWI623370B TW I623370 B TWI623370 B TW I623370B TW 103122212 A TW103122212 A TW 103122212A TW 103122212 A TW103122212 A TW 103122212A TW I623370 B TWI623370 B TW I623370B
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solder
layer
core layer
line
amount
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川浩由
橋本知彥
池田篤史
六本木貴弘
相馬大輔
佐藤勇
川又勇司
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千住金屬工業股份有限公司
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/26Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/17Metallic particles coated with metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/18Non-metallic particles coated with metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0211Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in cutting
    • B23K35/0216Rods, electrodes, wires
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
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    • B23K35/0222Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0233Sheets, foils
    • B23K35/0238Sheets, foils layered
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    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
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    • B23K35/0244Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K35/0244Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
    • B23K35/025Pastes, creams, slurries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/26Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
    • B23K35/262Sn as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/28Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
    • B23K35/282Zn as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3006Ag as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3013Au as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/302Cu as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033Ni as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053Fe as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/325Ti as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3602Carbonates, basic oxides or hydroxides

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

以提供可抑制α線的放射線量而做成之焊料材料為目的。
焊料材料之焊料球1A,係具有:在接合物與被接合物之間具有確保間隔之徑之核層2A,與被覆核層2A之焊料層3A,焊料層3A,係在核層2A為非熔融之溫度具有熔融的熔點,藉由凝固而將接合物與被接合物接合之同時,由具有遮蔽從核層2A所放射之α線之厚度之金屬材料所構成。

Description

焊料材料及焊料接頭
本發明,係關於可抑制放射線,特別是α線之放射線量而做成之焊料材料以及使用焊料材料而形成之焊料接頭。
近年來,由於情報機器的小型化,搭載於情報機器之電子零件小型化也急速地進行。電子零件,為了對應由於小型化的要求之連接端子的狹小化或實裝面積的縮小化,在背面設置了電極之球柵陣列封裝(以下,稱為BGA)被應用。
應用了BGA之電子零件,例如有半導體封裝。在半導體封裝,具有電極之半導體晶片係以樹脂封裝。在半導體晶片的電極上,形成了焊料凸塊。此焊料凸塊,係藉由將焊料球接合於半導體晶片之電極而形成。應用了BGA的半導體封裝,係使各焊料凸塊可接觸於印刷電路基板之導電性焊墊,而置於印刷電路基板上,藉由由於加熱而熔融之焊料凸塊與焊墊接合,而搭載於印刷電路基板。又,為了對應更高密度實裝之要求,半導體封裝在高度方向堆疊之3次元高密度實裝也被檢討。
然而,若將BGA應用於被3次元高密度實裝之半導體封裝,則由於半導體封裝之自重焊料球被壓扁,在電極間 發生連接短路。這會成為在進行高密度實裝上的障礙。
因此,在電子零件之電極上以糊料接合Cu球之焊料凸塊被檢討(例如,參照專利文獻1)。具有Cu球之焊料凸塊,在電子零件被實裝至印刷電路基板時,即使半導體封裝之重量施加於焊料凸塊,也可藉由在焊料的熔點不會熔融之Cu球支撐半導體封裝。因此,不會由於半導體封裝之自重壓扁焊料凸塊。
然而,電子零件之小型化雖可使高密度實裝為可能,但電子零件之高密度實裝會引起稱為軟錯誤之問題。軟錯誤係由於放射線之α線進入半導體積體電路(以下,稱為IC)之記憶胞中而記憶內容有被改寫之可能性。α線,被認為是由於焊料合金中之U、Th、210Po等之放射性元素α崩壞而放射。因此,近年來,進行著減低了放射性元素之含有量之低α線焊料材料之開發。
【先前技術文獻】
【專利文獻】
專利文獻1:國際公開第95/24113號
具有Cu球之焊料凸塊,由於經過了Cu之精鍊,將Cu加熱至1000℃程度之加熱工程,放出α線之210Po等之放射性元素成為可揮發之條件,所放射之α線量被認為被抑制為低值。又,使用不含有與α線之放出有關之元素之純度高之Cu球也被考慮。
然而,從以往之Cu等之金屬的精鍊,並沒有考慮藉由揮發與α線之放出有關之元素而可除去的情況。純度高之金屬的使用會造成成本之上升。更且,使用所放射之α線量低之材料的情況,可使用之材料也會發生制約。
本發明,係為了解決如此之課題而做成,以提供可抑制放射線,特別是α線之放射線量而做成之焊料材料以及使用焊料材料而形成之焊料接頭為目的。
發明者們,發現藉由以α線量較從焊料材料放射之α線量的容許值還低之材料,被覆成為核層之材料,不論從核層放射之α線量之高低,可抑制α線之放射。
本發明,係具有:在接合物與被接合物之間具有確保間隔之大小之核層,與被覆核層之被覆層,被覆層,係在核層為非熔融之溫度具有熔融之熔點,藉由凝固而將接合物與被接合物接合之同時,遮蔽來自核層、設置於被覆層之內側之機能層與設置於機能層之內側之核層之任一方,或是來自核層與機能層雙方所放射之放射線之厚度之金屬材料所構成之焊料材料。又,本發明,係使用此焊料材料而形成之焊料接頭。
在本發明,被覆層,係在核層為非熔融之溫度具有熔融之熔點,藉由凝固而將前述接合物與前述被接合物接合之Sn單體、含Sn之合金材料、或是非含有Pb之含Sn合金材料、In單體、含In合金材料之任一種所構成為佳。
又,在本發明,係由Sn與Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Ga、Sb、Co中含有1種以上之任一種 之合金做為含Sn合金材料而構成被覆層為佳。
更且,在本發明,核層,係由具有在被覆層熔融之溫度為非熔融之熔點之Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mg之金屬單體、金屬氧化物、金屬混合氧化物、或是合金所構成為佳。
又,核層,由在被覆層熔融之溫度為非熔融之樹脂材料、碳材料、或是陶瓷材料所構成為佳。
更且,被覆層,係遮蔽來自核層、核層與機能層之任一方,或是來自核層與機能層雙方所放射之α線,在具有使透過被覆層之α線量為0.0200cph/cm2以下之厚度之同時,使從被覆層所放射之α線量為0.0200cph/cm2以下之金屬材料所構成為佳。又,從被覆層放射之α線量,以抑制在更高密實裝之軟錯誤之觀點來看,以在0.0020cph/cm2以下為佳,在0.0010cph/cm2以下更佳。更且,被覆層之厚度以在1μm以上1000μm以下所構成為佳。
在本發明,從被覆體本身放射之放射線之α線,係在焊料材料所放射之α線量之容許值以下,且被覆層為具有可遮蔽核層、設置於被覆層之內側之機能層與設置於機能層之內側之核層之任一方,或是來自核層與機能層雙方所放射之α線之厚度之構成。
藉由此,在本發明,可將從焊料材料所放射之α線量抑制在既定的容許值以下,且可抑制起因於α線之軟錯誤 之發生。又,藉由抑制起因於α線之軟錯誤之構成,以往減低α線量為困難之材料也變得可做為核層使用,可擴大構成核層之材料之選擇範圍。
1A、1B‧‧‧焊料球
1C‧‧‧焊料材料
2A、2B‧‧‧核層
3A、3B‧‧‧焊料層
4B‧‧‧機能層
10‧‧‧半導體晶片
10a‧‧‧電極
11‧‧‧印刷電路基板
11a‧‧‧導電性焊墊
12A‧‧‧焊料接頭
第1圖係表示本實施形態之焊料球之一例之剖面圖。
第2圖係表示本實施形態之焊料球之使用形態之焊料接頭之一例之剖面圖。
第3圖係表示本實施形態之焊料球之變形例之剖面圖。
第4圖係表示本發明之焊料材料之其他變形例之剖面圖。
<本實施形態之焊料球構成例>
第1圖,係表示本實施形態之焊料球之一例之剖面圖,第2圖,係表示本實施形態之焊料球之使用狀態之焊料接頭之一例之剖面圖,做為本發明之焊料材料之實施形態,以焊料球為例說明。
本實施形態之焊料球1A,係如第1圖所示,具有:具有所希望之直徑之球狀之核層2A,與被覆核層2A之焊料層3A。焊料接頭12A,係如第2圖所示,配置於接合物之半導體晶片10之電極10a,與被接合物之印刷電路基板11之導電性焊墊11a之間。
焊料球1A,係構成最外層之焊料層3A藉由加熱而熔融,由於熔融之焊料層3A凝固形成焊料接頭12A,而接合電極10a與導電性焊墊11a。焊料接頭12A,係藉由被焊料 層3A被覆之核層2A,確保半導體晶片10與印刷電路基板11之間隔。
核層2A,係由在焊料層3A之熔點Tm1具有非熔融之熔點Tm2(Tm2>Tm1)之金屬材料,或是樹脂材料所構成。在選擇金屬材料做為核層2A之情況,做為具有較焊料層3A之熔點Tm1高之熔點Tm2之金屬材料,例如,係以Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mg等之金屬單體、金屬氧化物、金屬混合氧化物、或是合金所構成。又,核層2A,也可在上述這些的金屬材料中,加入P等做為添加元素。
核層2A,係在被接合半導體晶片10之電極10a,與印刷電路基板11之導電性焊墊11a之焊料層3A被覆之狀態下,介在於電極10a與導電性焊墊11a之間,具有確保半導體晶片10與印刷電路基板11之間隔之直徑。
焊料層3A為被覆層之一例,係以具有較核層2A之熔點Tm2還低之熔點Tm1之金屬材料所構成。焊料層3A,係藉由在焊料層3A本身之熔點Tm1以上之溫度,且在較核層2A之熔點Tm2低之溫度之加熱熔融,凝固,而將半導體晶片10之電極10a與印刷電路基板11之導電性焊墊11a接合。
又,焊料層3A,為了抑制由焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之放射線之α線之放射,以從焊料層3A本身所放射之α線在既定值以下之金屬材料所構成。更且,焊料層3A,具有可遮蔽從核層2A所放射之α線,抑制焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之α線量於既定之容許值以下之厚度。
焊料層3A,做為滿足上述條件之金屬材料,例如,可以Sn單體、Sn系之合金材料、或是非含有Pb之Sn系合金材料、In單體、In系合金材料所構成。焊料層3A,係以Sn-Ag-Cu、Sn-Ag、Sn-Cu、Sn-Bi、Sn-In、Sn-Pb等做為Sn系之合金材料所構成。又,焊料層3A係在上述這些合金中,添加了其他元素之合金所構成。焊料層3A,係以上述所希望之金屬材料,在核層2A之表面上藉由電鍍形成層而構成。
在焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A,對於從焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之α線量之容許值As1,若從核層2A放射之α線量As2,與從焊料層3A放射之α線量As3,皆較容許值As1低,則可將從焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之α線量抑制至容許值As1以下。
另一方面,從核層2A放射之α線量As2,即使較從焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之α線量之容許值As1大,藉由以焊料層3A遮蔽從核層2A所放射之α線,可將從焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之α線量抑制至容許值As1以下。
因此,焊料層3A,係以從焊料層3A本身所放射之α線量As3在從焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之α線量之容許值As1以下之金屬材料所構成。
又,焊料層3A,從核層2A所放射之α線量As2,即使是較從焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之α線量之容許值As1大之情況,藉由遮蔽從核層2A所放射之α線,而可以將從焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之α線量抑制於容許值 As1之厚度所構成。
在此,焊料層3A,係藉由熔融及凝固,而使半導體晶片10之電極10a與印刷電路基板11之導電性焊墊11a接合可能,即使是凝固後,也以可被覆核層2A,遮蔽從核層2A放射之α線厚度所構成。
又,若凝固後之焊料層3A變厚,雖然可使遮蔽從核層2A放射之α線之效果提升,但另一方面,會對於半導體晶片10與印刷電路基板11之間隔造成影響。因此,焊料層3A,係藉由被凝固後之焊料層3A被覆之核層2A而可確保半導體晶片10與印刷電路基板11之間隔之厚度而構成。
在以焊料層3A被覆了核層2A之焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A,從焊料層3A本身放射之α線,為從焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之α線量之容許值以下,且焊料層3A若為具有遮蔽從核層2A放射之α線,抑制從焊料球1A及焊料接頭12A所放射之α線量在既定之容許值以下之厚度的構成,則可抑制起因於α線之軟錯誤的發生。又,可擴大可做為核層使用之材料的選擇範圍。
藉由此,可價廉地提供具有:α線之放射被抑制,確保接合物與接合物之間隔等之所希望特性之焊料球1A。
<本實施形態之焊料球之變形例>
第3圖,係表示本實施形態之焊料球之變形例之剖面圖。本實施形態之變形例之焊料球1B,係具有:具有所希望之直徑之球狀的核層2B、被覆核層2B之1層以上的機能層4B、被覆核層2B及機能層4B之焊料層3B。
核層2B,同於核層2A,係由在焊料層3B之熔點為具有非熔融之熔點之金屬材料,或樹脂材料所構成。核層2B,若為金屬材料,例如,係以Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mg等之金屬單體、金屬氧化物、金屬混合氧化物、或是合金,或是在這些金屬材料中,加入P等做為添加元素之合金之任一種所構成。
機能層4B,係由在焊料層3B之熔點為具有非熔融之熔點之金屬材料,或樹脂材料所構成。機能層4B,係在核層2B之表面上,例如設置藉由Ni之電鍍層而構成。又,選擇樹脂材料做為核層之情況,為了形成焊料層,藉由Ni等之基底電鍍層為必須的情況是同於以往的。
焊料層3B為被覆層之一例,係以具有較核層2B及機能層4B之熔點低之熔點的金屬材料所構成。焊料層3B,藉由在較焊料層3B本身之熔點以上的溫度,且在較核層2B及機能層4B之熔點低之溫度之加熱熔融、凝固,而將接合物與被接合物接合。
又,焊料層3B,為了抑制由焊料球1B所放射之放射線之α線之放射,以從焊料層3B本身所放射之α線在既定值以下之金屬材料所構成。更且,焊料層3B,具有可遮蔽從核層2B或是機能層4B,或是核層2B及機能層4B所放射之α線,抑制從焊料球1B所放射之α線量於既定之容許值以下之厚度。
焊料層3B,做為滿足上述條件之金屬材料,例如, 可以Sn-Ag-Cu、Sn-Ag、Sn-Cu、Sn-Bi、Sn-In、Sn-Pb等,或是在這些合金中添加其他的元素之合金所構成。
在焊料球1B,在核層2B的表面上,藉由設置以Ni之電鍍層做為機能層4B,可以在以電鍍形成焊料層3B之工程,在核層2B之表面形成均一的焊料層3B。
在此,從核層2B或是機能層4B,或是核層2B及機能層4B所放射之α線量,即使較從焊料球1B所放射之α線量之容許值還大,也可藉由以焊料層3B遮蔽從核層2B或是機能層4B,或是核層2B及機能層4B所放射之α線量,而可抑制從焊料球1B所放射之α線量在容許值以下。
因此,焊料層3B,係以從焊料層3B本身放射之α線量,在從焊料球1B放射之α線量之容許值以下之金屬材料所構成。
又,焊料層3B,係由即使在從核層2B或是機能層4B,或是核層2B及機能層4B所放射之α線量,較焊料球1B放射之α線量之容許值大之情況,藉由遮蔽從核層2B或是機能層4B,或是核層2B及機能層4B所放射之α線量,而可抑制從焊料球1B放射之α線量至容許值之厚度所構成。
在變形例之焊料球1B,除了核層2B與焊料層3B以外,在焊料層3B之內側設定既定之機能層4B而成為多層構造。在如此之多層構造之焊料球1B,即使從機能層4B放射之α線量,較從焊料球1B放射之α線量之容許值大之情況α線也可以焊料層3B遮蔽從機能層4B放射之α線,而可減少可做為機能層使用之材料之制約。
又,從機能層4B放射之α線量,若較從焊料球1B放射之α線之容許值小之情況,可以機能層4B與焊料層3B遮蔽從核層2B放射之α線。
如此,在多層構造之焊料球1B,從焊料層3B本身放射之α線,係在從焊料球1B放射之α線量之容許值以下,且若使焊料層3B具有:遮蔽從核層2B或是機能層4B,或是核層2B及機能層4B所放射之α線,可使從焊料球1B放射之α線抑制在既定值以下之厚度之構成,則可抑制起因於α線之軟錯誤的發生。又,可擴大可做為核層及機能層使用之材料的選擇範圍。
藉由此,可價廉地提供具有:α線之放射被抑制,確保接合物與接合物之間隔等之所希望特性之焊料球1B。
<本發明之焊料材料之其他的變形例>
第4圖係表示本發明之焊料材料之其他的變形例之剖面圖。在上述各實施形態,係以球狀之焊料球做為焊料材料為例而說明,但如第4圖所示,也可以1層以上之機能層4B與焊料層3B被覆球狀以外的形狀,例如,長方體狀、或立方體狀之核層2B之形狀而做為焊料材料1C。又,也可為不設置機能層4B之構成。
又,若本發明之焊料材料做為球狀之焊料球而被使用時,焊料球之直徑以在1~1000μm為佳。若在此範圍,可安定地製造球狀之焊料球,且也可控制端子間為窄間距之情況的連接短路。
在此,例如,在與本發明有關之焊料球之直徑為 1~300μm之情況,也可將「焊料球」之集合體稱為「焊料粉」。在此,「焊料粉」係個別的焊料粉具有上述特性之多數的焊料球之集合體。例如,做為錫膏中的粉末而配合等,在使用形態上區別於單一的焊料球。同樣的,在用於焊料凸塊之形成之情況,通常也是被當做集合體,因此在該形態所使用之「焊料粉」與單一之焊料球有所區別。
【實施例】
使用添加30ppmAg而形成球狀之Ag30ppm-Bi做為核層2A,Sn100%做為焊料層3A,使焊料層3A之厚度不同而做成實施例之焊料球1A,測定從焊料球1A所放射之α線量。做為比較例,測定了從沒有設置焊料層3A之核層2A所放射之α線量。
首先,關於在實施例所使用之焊料球1A之作成方法,係使用Ag30ppm-Bi球做為與本發明有關之核層2A,使用滾筒電鍍法形成焊料層3A而做為焊料球1A之情況為例說明。
與本發明有關之核層2A,可使用藉由周知的霧化法等所形成之球狀的Ag30ppm-Bi球。對於此已準備之Ag30ppm-Bi球,做為與本發明有關之焊料層3A之形成方法之一例使用滾輪電鍍法之情況係如以下說明。
焊料電鍍液,係如下述做成。在攪拌容器中加入電鍍液調整所必要之水的1/3,54重量%之甲磺酸水溶液之全容量做為中和水。接著,加入螯合劑之硫醇化合物之一例之乙酰半胱氨酸溶解確認後,將另外的螯合劑之芳香族氨基化合物之一例之2,2’-二硫代二苯胺加入。變成了淺藍色之凝膠狀之 液體後迅速加入甲磺酸亞錫。接著在電鍍液中添加必要之水之2/3,最後加入界面活性劑之一例之α-萘酚聚氧乙烯醚(EO10莫耳)3g/L,而結束電鍍液的調整。做成電鍍液中之甲磺酸之濃度2.64mol/L,錫離子濃度為0.337mol/L之電鍍液。
在實施例1、實施例2及比較例中,核層2A之直徑為350μm。在實施例1,焊料層3A之厚度為10μm。在實施例1,藉由使焊料層3A之厚度為10μm,焊料球1A之直徑成為370μm。又,在實施例2,使焊料層3A之厚度為30μm。在實施例2,藉由使焊料層3A之厚度為30μm,焊料球1A之直徑成為410μm。
對於本發明之實施例1所示之直徑350μm之Ag30ppm-Bi球形成膜厚(單側)10μm之Sn焊料電鍍覆膜之情況,約需要0.048庫倫之電量。
又,對於本發明之實施例2所示之直徑350μm之Ag30ppm-Bi球形成膜厚(單側)30μm之Sn焊料電鍍覆膜之情況,約需要0.16庫倫之電量。
這些的電量,係藉由法拉第電解定律依下式(1),估計所希望之焊料電鍍之析出量,算出電量,使成為算出之電量而將電流對於電鍍液通電,以及一邊使電鍍液流動一邊進行電鍍處理。電鍍槽之容量可根據Ag-Bi球以及電鍍液之總投入量來決定。
w(g)=(I×t×M)/(Z×F)...式(1)
式(1)中,w為電解析出量(g),I為電流(A),t為通電時間(秒),秒為所析出元素之原子量(Sn之情況為 118.71),Z為原子價(Sn之情況為2價),F為法拉第常數(96500庫倫),電量Q(A.秒)係以(I×t)表示。
α線之測定,係根據JEDEC而以氣體流量型之裝置進行。樣本係使用在PR氣體中保管24小時之物,樣本面積為900cm2,測定時間為72小時。又,最初的10小時,由於空氣中的α線量發生誤差,因此不使用於測定。
α線量之測定結果示於表1。
如表1之比較例所示,從沒有設置焊料層3A之核層2A所放射之α線量,為0.0898cph/cm2。相對於此,在被覆核層2A之焊料層3A的厚度為10μm之實施1,從焊料球1A所放射之α線量為0.0160cph/cm2。又,在被覆核層2A之焊料層3A的厚度為30μm之實施2,從焊料球1A所放射之α線量為0.0107cph/cm2
從以上之測定結果來看,可知藉由以焊料層3A被覆核層2A,從焊料球1A放射之α線量減少。然後,可知道藉由增加焊料層3A之厚度,從焊料球1A放射之α線量有減少之傾向。
從焊料球1A所放射之α線量之容許值As1為0.0200cph/cm2之情況,可知:從核層2A所放射之α線量As2,即使較焊料球1A所放射之α線量之容許值大的情況,藉由以厚度10μm以上之焊料層3被覆2A,而可將焊料球1A所放射 之α線量抑制至容許值As1(0.0200cph/cm2以下)。
【產業上可利用性】
本發明係應用於適用BGA之電子零件之實裝所使用之焊料球。

Claims (8)

  1. 一種焊料材料,具有:在接合物與被接合物之間具有確保間隔之徑之核層及被覆前述核層之被覆層,前述被覆層係在前述核層為非熔融之溫度具有熔融之熔點,藉由凝固而將前述接合物與前述被接合物接合之同時,遮蔽來自前述核層、設置於前述被覆層之內側之機能層與設置於前述機能層之內側之前述核層之任一方,或是來自前述核層與前述機能層雙方所放射之α線,在具有使透過前述被覆層之α線量為0.0200cph/cm2以下之厚度之同時,使從前述被覆層所放射之α線量為0.0200cph/cm2以下之金屬材料所構成,前述被覆層之厚度為1μm以上1000μm以下所構成,前述被覆層以使前述核層、前述機能層與前述核層之任一者、或前述核層與前述機能層之雙方所放射之α線量為0.0200cph/cm2以下之厚度被覆前述核層。
  2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之焊料材料,其中,前述被覆層,係在前述核層為非熔融之溫度具有熔融之熔點,藉由凝度而將前述接合物與前述被接合物接合之Sn單體、含Sn之合金材料、或是非含有Pb之含Sn合金材料、In單體、含In合金材料之任一種所構成。
  3. 根據申請專利範圍第2項之焊料材料,其中,前述被覆層,係由Sn與Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Ga、Sb、Co中含有1種以上之任一種之合金做為含Sn合金材料而構成。
  4. 根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項焊料材料,其中,前述核層,係由具有前述被覆層熔融之溫度為非熔融之熔點之Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mg之金屬單體、金屬氧化物、金屬混合氧化物、或是合金所構成。
  5. 根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項焊料材料,其中,前述核層,係由在前述被覆層熔融之溫度為非熔融之樹脂材料所構成。
  6. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項焊料材料,其中,由前述被覆層所放射之α線量為0.0020cph/cm2以下。
  7. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項焊料材料,其中,由前述被覆層所放射之α線量為0.0010cph/cm2以下。
  8. 一種焊料接頭,使用申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項所述之焊料材料而形成。
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CN107419182A (zh) * 2017-07-31 2017-12-01 安徽华众焊业有限公司 一种高耐腐蚀的焊丝刚
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